Research Article

Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4)

Volume: 4 Number: 1 March 26, 2026
TR EN

Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4)

Abstract

Educational sustainability is a global priority. Because of the rapid digital transformation that we are seeing, it is necessary to integrate modern technologies to achieve inclusive, equitable, and high-quality education. Despite this, there is still a limitation in applying Machine Learning (ML), as one of the modern technologies, to educational data within institutions. This research addresses this gap by providing practical evidence that predicting academic performance via ML is both achievable and highly effective. Two main objectives were generated from the main goal. The first one is to compare four ML models, while the second is to determine the most important factors affecting academic performance. To achieve the previous goals, the study used data from more than 8,000 secondary school students from Bangladesh. Based on the given dataset, students’ academic performance was represented by the average grades of five common courses, where the study tried to predict it without relying on the existence of previous grades. The study depends on the contextual, behavioral, and other variables that are available in that dataset. Three of the models used were shallow: Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), while one was deep: Feedforward Deep Neural Network (DNN). The whole process was implemented in the R environment, and the results revealed some interesting points. The shallow RF model was more accurate than the deep one with a small margin (R² = 93.3 vs. R² = 93.0). The most important factor affecting student performance is the student group (arts, commerce, or science), which dominated the predictive power of the models. Study time and attendance can also not be ignored as important behavioral modifiable factors. In addition to the results presented, this study contributes to educational sustainability by developing two Early Warning Systems (EWS): a simplified system for quick group screening and a full EWS for individual predictions. The results and the contributions of this study will help to find the most at-risk subgroups, particularly in the arts track, and allocate resources to provide proactive support based on modifiable behaviors or other factors. Ultimately, this research provides a scalable framework to enhance equity and efficiency in education. It is aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4): Quality Education.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

The author declares that this study does not require ethical committee approval as it utilizes publicly available secondary data.

Thanks

The author would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Izzet Parug Duru for his guidance and Istanbul Gedik University for the academic support. Special thanks to Kaggle for providing the open data resources

References

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  5. Albreiki, B., Zaki, N., Alashwal, H., 2021. A systematic literature review of students’ performance prediction using machine learning techniques. Education Sciences, 11(9), 552. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090552
  6. Ouhaddou, C., Retbi, A., Bennani, S., 2025. Predicting student academic path using machine learning: Systematic review. 2025 5th International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET), IEEE, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET64571.2025.11008352
  7. Cortez, P., Silva, A., 2008. Using data mining to predict secondary school student performance. Proceedings of the 5th Future Business Technology Conference (FUBUTEC), Porto, Portugal, 5–12
  8. Gull, H., Saqib, M., Iqbal, S. Z., Saeed, S., 2020. Improving learning experience of students by early prediction of student performance using machine learning. 2020 IEEE International Conference for Innovation in Technology (INOCON), IEEE, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/INOCON50539.2020.9298266

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Software Engineering (Other), Statistics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 26, 2026

Submission Date

February 3, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 4 Number: 1

APA
Albonny, T., & Duru, İ. P. (2026). Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4). International Journal of New Findings in Engineering, Science and Technology, 4(1), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.61150/ijonfest.2026040105
AMA
1.Albonny T, Duru İP. Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4). IJONFEST. 2026;4(1):43-54. doi:10.61150/ijonfest.2026040105
Chicago
Albonny, Tuka, and İzzet Paruğ Duru. 2026. “Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4)”. International Journal of New Findings in Engineering, Science and Technology 4 (1): 43-54. https://doi.org/10.61150/ijonfest.2026040105.
EndNote
Albonny T, Duru İP (March 1, 2026) Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4). International Journal of New Findings in Engineering, Science and Technology 4 1 43–54.
IEEE
[1]T. Albonny and İ. P. Duru, “Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4)”, IJONFEST, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 43–54, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.61150/ijonfest.2026040105.
ISNAD
Albonny, Tuka - Duru, İzzet Paruğ. “Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4)”. International Journal of New Findings in Engineering, Science and Technology 4/1 (March 1, 2026): 43-54. https://doi.org/10.61150/ijonfest.2026040105.
JAMA
1.Albonny T, Duru İP. Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4). IJONFEST. 2026;4:43–54.
MLA
Albonny, Tuka, and İzzet Paruğ Duru. “Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4)”. International Journal of New Findings in Engineering, Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 43-54, doi:10.61150/ijonfest.2026040105.
Vancouver
1.Tuka Albonny, İzzet Paruğ Duru. Predicting Student Academic Performance Using Machine Learning: A Case Study On Educational Data From Bangladesh Towards Sustainable Education (SDG 4). IJONFEST. 2026 Mar. 1;4(1):43-54. doi:10.61150/ijonfest.2026040105

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