Research Article

TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT

Volume: 5 Number: 1 June 30, 2026
Asif Iqbal , Sareer Ahmad , Nikhil Chandra Shil *
EN TR

TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT

Abstract

The study aims to examine the efficacy of the Independent Monitoring Unit’s (IMU) staff on the quality dimension at primary level schools across selected schools in district Swabi, Pakistan. The study takes a positivist approach and deploys a quantitative research paradigm to discover and confirm the role of IMU on quality education. Using proportional stratified sampling, the study collects data from 337 respondents through questionnaire. It utilizes different descriptive and inferential statistical tools to reach the conclusion. The study finds the existence of loopholes in the monitoring of school-level practices which require the attention of policymakers. It concludes that IMU workers monitoring visits, observations, reports, and online reporting management with the help of technology positively influence the advancement of quality education in primary schools and are well supported in line with existing literature. The study contributes to the discussion of IMU interventions in terms of efficacy and offers policy recommendations. IMU personnel must take part in consultations which are arranged by Parent Teacher Council (PTC) and assess the fairness of PTC. IMU personnel should frequently visit schools and spend some productive and fruitful time in schools to sustain a desired degree of quality.

Keywords

Independent monitoring unit, monitoring visits, parent teacher council, primary education, quality education.

Supporting Institution

No funding was received from any individual or institution for this research.

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that he acted in accordance with ethical rules in all processes of the research. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this work.

References

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APA
Iqbal, A., Ahmad, S., & Shil, N. C. (2026). TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SU-AY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION, 5(1), 1-8. https://izlik.org/JA67MA45RM
AMA
1.Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Shil NC. TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT. IJOSDA. 2026;5(1):1-8. https://izlik.org/JA67MA45RM
Chicago
Iqbal, Asif, Sareer Ahmad, and Nikhil Chandra Shil. 2026. “TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SU-AY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION 5 (1): 1-8. https://izlik.org/JA67MA45RM.
EndNote
Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Shil NC (June 1, 2026) TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SU-AY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION 5 1 1–8.
IEEE
[1]A. Iqbal, S. Ahmad, and N. C. Shil, “TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT”, IJOSDA, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–8, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA67MA45RM
ISNAD
Iqbal, Asif - Ahmad, Sareer - Shil, Nikhil Chandra. “TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SU-AY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION 5/1 (June 1, 2026): 1-8. https://izlik.org/JA67MA45RM.
JAMA
1.Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Shil NC. TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT. IJOSDA. 2026;5:1–8.
MLA
Iqbal, Asif, et al. “TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SU-AY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION, vol. 5, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 1-8, https://izlik.org/JA67MA45RM.
Vancouver
1.Asif Iqbal, Sareer Ahmad, Nikhil Chandra Shil. TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING UNIT. IJOSDA [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;5(1):1-8. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA67MA45RM