Determination of Calcium Ion in Environmental Samples Using a Potentiometric Sensor as a Detector in Flow Injection Analysis Method

Abstract

In this study, Ca²⁺-selective potentiometric PVC-membrane electrode was developed with the commercially purchased ionophore substance to be used to determine calcium concentration in water samples. The potentiometric performance characteristics of the electrode were determined and their suitability for environmental analysis was investigated The measurements taken with the Ca²⁺-selective electrode indicated an average potential change of 23,5 mV per decade against the main ion concentrations. The electrode showed linear behavior against the main ion solution in the concentration range between 1×10^-1-1×10^-5 mol L^-1, and it was found to be highly selective against the main ion besides the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. Micro dead volume flow cells were prepared in the laboratory and the calcium determination was made in environmental water samples by using the home-made electrode as a detector in the flow injection analysis (FIA) system. In the flow-injection analysis system (FIA), 5×10^-5 M CaSO₄ ve MgSO₄; 1×10^-6 M NaCl, KNO₃, LiNO₃ ve NH₄Cl solution mixture was used as the mobile phase. In this system, the flow-rate was set to 1,0 mL min^-1 and injection volume 20 μL. In addition, calcium determination in water samples was performed by standard addition method and all measurements were compared with potentiometric results. The results show that the Ca²⁺-selective micro-potentiometric PVC-membrane electrode can effectively be used for routine determination of calcium ion in water in environmental samples.

Keywords

• Flow injection analysis,environmental sample,calcium,PVC-membrane electrode

Akış Enjeksiyon Analiz Yönteminde Dedektör Olarak Potansiyometrik Sensör Kullanarak Çevre Numunelerinde Kalsiyum İyonu Tayini

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, su numunelerindeki kalsiyum derişiminin belirlenmesinde kullanılmak üzere ticari olarak satın alınan iyonofor madde ile Ca²⁺-seçici mikro potansiyometrik PVC-membran elektrot geliştirildi. Elektrotun potansiyometrik performans karakteristikleri belirlendi ve çevresel analizlere uygunluğu araştırıldı. Hazırlanan Ca²⁺-seçici elektrot ile alınan ölçümlerde ana iyon çözeltisine karşı her 10 katlık kalsiyum iyonu konsantrasyonu değişimi için ortalama 23,5 mV’luk bir potansiyel farkı gözlendi. Elektrotun, 1×10^-1-1×10^-5 mol L^-1 derişim aralığında ana iyon çözeltisine karşı doğrusal davranış sergilediği, alkali ve toprak alkali metal iyonlarının yanında ana iyona karşı oldukça seçici olduğu belirlendi. Laboratuvarda mikro ölü hacme sahip akış hücreleri hazırlandı ve akış enjeksiyon analizi (AEA) sisteminde hareketli faz olarak 5×10^-5 M CaSO₄ ve MgSO₄; 1×10^-6 M NaCl, KNO₃, LiNO₃ ve NH₄Cl çözelti karışımı kullanılmış ve akış hızı: 1,0 mL dk^-1, enjeksiyon hacmi ise 20 μL olarak belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen bu elektrotların AEA sisteminde dedektör olarak kullanılması ile çevresel su numunelerinde kalsiyum iyonu tayini gerçekleştirildi. Ayrıca, su numunelerindeki kalsiyum tayini standart ekleme yöntemi ile de yapıldı ve tüm ölçümler potansiyometrik sonuçlarla karşılaştırmalı olarak verildi. Elde edilen sonuçlar, geliştirilen Ca²⁺-seçici mikro potansiyometrik PVC-membran elektrotun çevre numunelerindeki sularda kalsiyum iyonunun rutin tayininde etkin bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Akış enjeksiyon analiz,çevre numunesi,kalsiyum,PVC-membran elektrot

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