Antikanser Etkili Gümüş Nanopartiküllerinin İğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia) Meyvesi Sulu Ekstraktı ile Yeşil Sentezi ve Karaktarizasyonu

Abstract

Kanser kardiyovasküler sistem hastalıklarından sonra gelen en ölümcül sağlık problemidir. Kanserle mücadelede yıllar içerisinde yeni stratejiler geliştirilmiştir. Gümüş nanopartikülleri bu yaklaşımlardan bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada Elaeagnus angostifolia sulu ekstraktı kullanılarak gümüş nanopartiküllerinin yeşil sentezi ve bu nanopartiküllerin sitotoksik etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gümüş nanopartikülleri UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, EDX gibi analitik metotlar ile karakterize edilmiştir. EDX spektrumunda 3 keV civarındaki pik gümüş nanopartiküllerinin sentezini doğrulamaktadır. Gümüş nanopartiküllerinin in vitro sitotoksik aktivitesi insan prostat kanser hücre hattı PC3, insan serviks kanseri hücre hattı HELA ve normal mouse fibroblast hücre hattı L929 üzerinde test edilmiştir. Elaeagnus angustifolia sulu ekstraktı ile sentezlenen gümüş nanopartiküllerinin HELA ve PC3 hücreleri üzerinde doza bağımlı sitotoksik etki gösterdiği bulunmuştur.

Keywords

• Anti-kanser
• Elaeagnus angustifolia
• yeşil sentez
• iğde
• gümüş nanopartikülleri

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Anticancer Effected Silver Nanoparticles with Silverberry (Elaeagnus angustifolia) Fruit Aqueous Extract

Abstract

Cancer is the deadliest health problem after cardiovascular system diseases. New strategies have been developed over the years in the fight against cancer. Silver nanoparticles are one of these approaches. In this study, it was aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles with the green approach using Elaeagnus angostifolia aqueous extract and to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles have been characterized by analytical methods such as UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, EDX. The peak around 3 keV in the EDX spectrum confirms the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. In vitro cytotoxic activity of silver nanoparticles was tested on human prostate cancer cell line PC3, human cervical cancer cell line HELA and normal mouse fibroblast cell line L929. It has been found that silver nanoparticles synthesized with the aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HELA and PC3 cells.

Keywords

• Anti-cancer
• Elaeagnus angustifolia
• green synthesis
• silverberry
• silver nanoparticles

References

1. Ahmadiani, A., Hosseiny, J., Semnanian, S., Javan, M., Saeedi, F. … Saremi, S. (2000). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (1-2), 287-92.
2. Azez, R.A., Abaas, I.S. and Kadhim, E.J. (2018). Isolation and characterization of β-sitosterol from elaeagnus angustifolia cultivated in iraq. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11(11), 442-446.
3. Baek, S.H., Kim, Y.O., Kwag, J.S., Choi, K.E., Jung, W.Y. and Han, D.S. (1998). Boron trifluoride etherate on silica-A modified Lewis acid reagent (VII). Antitumor activity of cannabigerol against human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 21(3), 353-356.
4. Balashanmugam, P. and Kalaichelvan, P.T. (2015). Biosynthesis characterization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia roxburghii DC. Aqueous extract and coated on cotton cloth for effective antibacterial activity. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 10(1), 87-97.
5. Banerjee, P. and Nath, D. (2015). A Phytochemical Approach to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles for Non-Toxic Biomedical Application and Study on their Antibacterial Efficacy. Nanoscience & Technology, 2(1), 1-14.
6. Baran MF. (2019). Prunus avium kiraz yaprağı özütü ile gümüş nanopartikül (AgNP) sentezi ve antimikrobiyal etkisinin incelenmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 221-227.
7. Beykaya, M. and Çağlar, A. (2016). Bitkisel Özütler Kullanılarak Gümüş-Nanopartikül (AgNP) Sentezlenmesi ve Antimikrobiyal Etkinlikleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(3), 631-641.
8. Bhui, D.K., Bar, H., Sarkar, P., Sahoo, G.P., Prasad De S. and Misra, A. (2009). Synthesis and UV–vis spectroscopic study of silver nanoparticles in aqueous SDS solution. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 145(1), 33-37.

9. Cevik, O., Acidereli, H., Turut, F.A., Yildirim, S. and Acilan, C. (2020). Cabazitaxel exhibits more favorable molecular changes compared to other taxanes in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 34(9), e22542.
10. Cevik, O., Turut, F.A., Acidereli, H. and Yildirim, S. (2018). Cyclosporine-A induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145 via downregulation of COX-2 and upregulation of TGFβ. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 44(1), 47-54.
11. Damiani, E., Solorio, J.A., Doyle, A.P. and Wallace, H.M. (2019). How reliable are in vitro IC50 values? Values vary with cytotoxicity assays in human glioblastoma cells. Toxicology Letters, 302, 28-34.
12. Darroidi, M., Ahmad, M.B., Abdullah, A.H., Ibrahim, N.A. and Shameli, K. (2010). Effect of Accelerator in Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. International Journal of Molecular Science, 11(10), 3898-3905.
13. Erdoğan, O., Birtekocak, F., Oryaşın, E., Abbak, M., Demirbolat, G.M. … Çevik Ö. (2019). Enginar Yaprağı Sulu Ekstraktı Kullanılarak Çinko Oksit Nanopartiküllerinin Yeşil Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu, Anti-Bakteriyel ve Sitotoksik Etkileri. Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 19-26.
14. Erdoğan, Ö. (2018). Aminoasit temelli amitlerin sentezlenmesi ve bu bileşiklerin HELA serviks kanser hücreleri üzerinde antikanser etkilerinin incelenmesi. (Yayımlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın.
15. Govarthanan, M., Selvankumar, T., Manoharan, K., Rathika, R., Shanthi, K. … Oh B.T. (2014). Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using panchakavya, an Indian traditional farming formulating agent. Int J Nanomedicine, 9, 1593–1599.
16. Gurbuz, I., Ustun, O., Yesilada, E., Sezik, E. and Kutsal, O. (2003). Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used as folk remedy in Turkey. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88(1), 93-97.
17. Haris, M., Kumar, A., Ahmad, A., Abuzinadah, F., Basheikh, M. … Mujeeb, M. (2017). Microwave-assisted green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles derived from a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of the fresh aerial parts of Phyllanthus niruri L. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 16(12), 2967-2976.
18. Hassanpour, S.H. and Dehghani, M. (2017). Rewiew of cancer from perspective of molecular. Journal of Cancer Research and Practise, 4, 127-129.
19. Jeyeraj, M., Sathishkumar, G., Sivanandhan, G., Mubarak, A.D., Rajesh, M. … Ganapathi, A. (2013). Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 106, 86-92.
20. Joseph, S. and Mathew, B. (2015). Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and the study on catalytic activity in the degradation of dyes. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 204, 184-191.
21. Kummara, S, Patil, M.B. and Uriah, T. (2016). Synthesis, characterization, biocompatible and anticancer activity of green and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles – A comparative study. iomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 84, 10–21.
22. Mohammed, S.S.S., Lawrence, A.V., Sampath, S., Sunderam, V. and Madhavan, Y. (2020). Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from sprouted Zingiberaceae species: Spectral characterisation and its potential biological applications. Materials Technology, 1, 1-15.
23. Nahar, K., Rahaman, H., Khan, A., Islam, K. and Al-Reza, S. (2021). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial potential. Asian Journal of Green Chemistry, 5, 135-150.
24. Natanzi, M.M., Pasalar, P., Kamalinejad, M., Dehpour, A.R., Taganvar, S.Y. … Nejad, S.G. (2012). Effect of Aqueous Extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia Fruit on Experimental Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rats. Acta Medica Iranica, 50(9), 589-596.
25. Njoku, D.I., Chidiebere, M.A., Oguzie, K.L., Ogukwe, C.E. and Oguzie, E.E. (2013). Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution by the leaf extract of Nicotiana tabacum. Advances in Materials and Corrosion. 1, 54-61.
26. Ong, C., Lim, J.Z.Z., Ng, C.T., Li, J.J., Yung, L.Y.L. and Bay, B.H. (2013). Silver Nanoparticles in Cancer: Therapeutic Efficacy and Toxicity. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 20(6), 772-781.
27. Öztürk, B.Y. and Öztürk, D. (2020). Tilia rubra DC. ekstraktı kullanılarak gümüş nanopartikülün hücre dışı biyosentezi ve antifungal aktivitesi. Biyoçeşitlilik ve Koruma, 13(3), 244-251.
28. Prabhu, S. and Poulose, E.K. (2012). Silver nanoparticles: mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications, and toxicity effects. International Nano Letters, 2(32), 1-10.
29. Rao, K.G., Ashok, C.H., Rao, K.V., Chakra, C.H.S. and Akshaykranth, A. (2015). Eco-friendly synthesis of MgO nanoparticles from orange fruit waste. International Journal of Applied Physics and Science, 2(3), 1-6.
30. Rasekhi, H.R., Kamali, M., Hosseini, S.M. and Fallahi, M. (1999). Wound healing properties of Elaeagnus angustifolia. Journal of Pharmacology, 51, 128.
31. Selvan, D.A., Mahendiran, D., Kumar, R.S. and Rahiman, A.K. (2018). Garlic, green tea and turmeric extracts-mediated green synthesis of silvernanoparticles: Phytochemical, antioxidant andin vitrocytotoxicity studies. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, B: Biology, 180, 243-252.
32. Siegel, R.L., Miller, K.D. and Jemal, A. (2019). Cancer statistics 2019. Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 69, 7-34.
33. Tepe, H.D. and Doyuk, F. (2020). Determination of Phytochemical Content by Chromatographic Methods and Antioxidant Capacity in Methanolic Extract of Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) and Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.). International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(3), 1876-1890.
34. Wafa, I.A.F. and Ghareib, W.A. (2018). On the anti-cancer activities of silver nanoparticles. Journal of Applied Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 5(1), 43-46.
35. Wan, H., Williams, R., Doherty, P. and Williams DF. (1994). A study of the reproducibility of the MTT test. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 5, 154-159.
36. Wei, L., Lu, J., Xu, H., Patel, A., Chen, Z.S. and Chen, G. (2015). Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, and therapeutic applications. Drug Discovery Today, 20(5), 595-601.
37. Zhang, H., Chen, S., Jia, X., Huang, Y., Ji, R. and Zhao, L. (2021). Comparation of the phytotoxicity between chemically and green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Science of The Total Environment, 752, 1-8.