Nadir Toprak Minerallerinin Fiziksel Ayrılması ve Flotasyonu: Derleme

Abstract

Nadir toprak elementleri (NTE) skandiyum, itriyum ve lantanit serisinde yer alan 17 adet metalik elementi içermekte ve kimyasal olarak birbirine benzer özellikler göstermektedir. Bu elementler 250’den fazla mineralin içerisinde bulunmakta ve bu minerallerden bastnazit, monazit ve ksenotim işletilmektedir. Günümüzde bu elementleri içeren maden yataklarının keşifleri devam etmekte ve yeni yataklar bulunmaktadır. NTE yatakları karbonatlar, alkali/peralkali magmatik kayaçlar, plaser ve iyon adsorpsiyon killer olmak üzere 4 farklı sınıfa ayrılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, NTE hakkında genel bilgi, kullanım alanları, rezerv durumu ve üretim miktarı ile ilgili veriler verilmiştir. Ayrıca, NTE minerallerinin fiziksel zenginleştirme yöntemlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerden ön zenginleştirmede en sık kullanılan flotasyon yöntemi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, kullanılan reaktifler ve mekanizmaları incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• bastnazit
• fiziksel zenginleştirme
• flotasyon
• monazit
• nadir toprak elementleri

Physical Separation and Flotation of Rare Earth Minerals: Review

Abstract

Rare-earth elements (REE) defined as 17 metallic elements includes scandium, yttrium and lanthanide series and have similar chemically properties. REE are found in more than 250 minerals, however only a few them used for productions such as bastnasite, monazite and xenotime. Nowadays, exploration of ore deposits containing REE continues and new deposits are discovered. REE ore deposits can be divided into 4 different groups as carbonates, alkali/peralkaline igneous rocks, placer and ion adsorption clays. In this study, general information about REE, usage areas, reserve situation and production amount are given. Physical separation methods information are also given. Among these methods, studies on the most commonly used flotation method, used reagents and their mechanisms were examined.

Keywords

• bastnasite
• flotation
• monazite
• physical separation
• rare-earth elements

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