Review
BibTex RIS Cite

A Theoretical Overview of Developments in Fiscal Sustainability Analysis Methods

Year 2022, , 239 - 262, 29.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.30927/ijpf.1062197

Abstract

Today, the structure of economic activities has led to the diversification of the risks that countries face in their fiscal policy. As a matter of fact, while the economic relations between countries, from foreign trade to finance, become much more intense, they articulate the economies to each other; facilitated the spread of instability to other countries. On the other hand, the increase in borrowing opportunities and resources due to financial liberalization and the increase in transaction volume has increased the financing opportunities of economic agents other than the public sector as well as the public sector, and this has made the private sector balance sheets important in terms of public finance. By means of like these developments, approaches have emerged in financial sustainability analysis, and in this context, the analyzes have become increasingly risk-based. In this study, the transformation and analysis methods in fiscal sustainability analyzes are examined.

References

  • Adedejı O., Ahokpossi, C., Battiati, C. & Farid, M. (2016). “A Probabilistic Approach to Fiscal Space and Prudent Debt Level: Application to Low-Income Developing Countries”, IMF Working Paper, WP/16/163.
  • Adrogue, R. (2005). ”Fiscal Sustainability: A Value-at-Risk Approach”, Central America: Global Integration and Regional Cooperation, (Ed.) Rodlauer, M. & Schipke, A., International Monetary Fund, Washington DC., 59-68.
  • Akbayır, F. & Yereli, A. B. (2018). “Mali Alan ve Ölçüm Yöntemleri”, Sosyoekonomi, 38(26), 253-277.
  • Allen, M., Rosenberg, C., Keller, C., Setser, B. & Roubini, N. (2002). “A Balance Sheet Approach to Financial Crisis”, IMF Working Paper, WP/02/210.
  • Alvarado, C. D., Izquerdo, A. & Panizza, U. (2004). “Fiscal Sustainability in Emerging Market Countries With An Application to Ecuador”, Inter-American Development Bank Working Paper.
  • Aizenman, J. & Jinjarak, Y. (2010). ”De Facto Fiscal Space and Fiscal Stimulus: Definition and Assessment”, NBER Working Paper Series, 16539.
  • Barnhill T. M. & Kopits, G. (2003). “Assessing Fiscal Sustainability Under Uncertainity”, IMF Working Paper, No. WP/03/79.
  • Blanchard, O. J. (1990). “Suggestions for a New Set of Fiscal Indicators” OECD Working Papers, (79).
  • Bohn, H. (1998). “The Behavior of U.S. Public Debt And Deficits”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(3), 949-963.
  • Bohn, H. (2008). “The Sustainability of Fiscal Policy in the United States”, Sustainability of Public Debt, (Ed) Neck, R. & Sturm, J. E., The MIT Press, Massachusetts London, 15-50. Boskin, M. J. (1982). “Federal Deficits: Some Myths and Realities”, American Economic Review, 72(2), 296-303.
  • Brun, J. F., Chambas, G., Combes, J. L., Dulbecco, P., Gastambide, A., Guérineau, S., Guillaumont S. & Graziosi, G. R., (2006). “Fiscal Space in Developing Countries” UNDP Concept Paper.
  • Buiter, W. H. (1983). “Measurement of the Public Sector Deficit and Its Implications for Policy Evaluation and Design”, IMF Staff Papers, 1983(2).
  • Burnside, C. (2003). “Theoretical Prerequisites for Fiscal Sustainability Analysis”, Fiscal Sustainability in Theory and Practice, (Ed.) Burnside, C., The World Bank, Washington D.C.
  • Burnside, C. (2004). “Assessing New Approaches to Fiscal Sustainability Analysis”, The World Bank Latin America and Caribbean Department’s report on Debt Sustainability Analysis.
  • Campos, C. F.S., Jaimovich, D., & Panizza, U. (2006) “The Unexplained Part of Public Debt”, Emerging Markets Review, 2006(7), 228-243.
  • Celasun O, Debrun, X. & Ostry, J. D. (2006). “ Primary Surplus Behavior and Risks to Fiscal Sustainability in Emerging Market Countries: A "Fan-Chart" Approach”, IMF Working Paper, WP/06/67.
  • Chalk, N. & Hemming, R. (200). “Assesing Fiscal Sustainability in Theory and Practice”, IMF Working Paper, WP/00/81.
  • Cottarelli C. (2014). “Fiscal Sustainability and Fiscal Risk: An Analytical Framework”, Post- Crisis Fiscal Policy, (Ed.) Carlo Cottarelli, Philip Gerson, Abdelhak Senhadji, London: The MIT Press, 15-30.
  • Croce, E. & Juan-Ramon, V. H. (2003). "Assessing Fiscal Sustainability: A Cross-Country Comparison," IMF Working Papers 2003/145.
  • Cuddington, J. T. (1996). “Analysing the Sustainability of Fiscal Deficits in Developing Countries”, Economics Department of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
  • Çaşkurlu, E. (2011). “Bağımsız Maliye Politikası Uygulama Olanağının Kısıtlanması: Mali Alan Daralması ve Etkileri”, Ekonomik Yaklaşım Dergisi, 22(79), 21-44.
  • Çaşkurlu E. & Dağlaroğlu, T. (2010). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerin Küresel Ekonomik Krize Karşı Geliştirdikleri Ekonomi Politikaları, İktisadi Araştırmalar Vakfı, İstanbul.
  • Dinh, H. (1999). “Fiscal Solvency and Sustainability in Economic Management”, Macroeconomics I, South Africa Region The World Bank.
  • Doherty, L. & Yeaman, L. (2008). “Fiscal Space in the G-20”, Economic Roundup Issue 3, Australian Government Treasury, https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/06_Fiscal_space_G-20.pdf, 79-87.
  • Gray, D. F. & Jobst A. A. (2010). “Systemic CCA- A Model Approach to Systemic Risk”, Deutsche Bundesbank.
  • Hamilton, J. D. & Flavin M. E. (1986). “On the Limitations of Government Borrowing: A Framework for Empirical Testing”, The American Economic Review, 76(4), 808-819.
  • Heller, P. S. (2005). “Understanding Fiscal Space”, IMF Policy Discussion Paper, PDP/05/04.
  • Hostland, D. & Karam, P. (2005). “Assessing Debt Sustainability in Emerging Market Economies Using Stochastic Simulation Methods”, IMF Working Paper, WP/05/226.
  • Huertas, G. & Meyer-Cirkel, A. (2021). “Balance Sheets and Debt Crises – Empirical Regularities for Modern Cases of Sovereign Distress”, IMF Working Paper, WP/21/125.
  • International Monetary Fund (2002). “Assessing Sustainability”, IMF Policy Development and Review Department.
  • International Monetary Fund (2003). “Debt Sustainabilit in Low-Income Countries- Towards a Forward-Looking Strategy”, IMF Policy Development and Review Department.
  • International Monetary Fund & World Bank (2014). Revised Guidelines for Public Debt Management, IMF Policy Paper, March.
  • Izquerdo, A. & Panizza, U. (2003). “Fiscal Sustainability: Issues for Emerging Market Countries”, The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies.
  • Imam, P. & Köhler, R. (2010). “Balance Sheet Vulnerabilities of Mauritius: Duruing a Decade of Shocks”, IMF Working Paper, WP/10/148.
  • İnal, V. (2020). Türkiye’de Mali Sürdürülebilirlik, İksad Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Karamelikli, H. & Bayar, Y. (2016). “Makroekonomik Ve Finansal İstikrarın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Uluslararası Yönetim, İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, ICAFR 16 Özel Sayısı, 225-236.
  • Kaya A. (2013). Mali Sürdürülebilirlik: Teori ve Türkiye Uygulaması, Türkiye Bankalar Birliği Yayını, İstanbul.
  • Keller, C., Kunzel, P. & Souto, M. (2007). “Measuring Sovereign Risk in Turkey: An Application of the Contingent Claims Approach”, IMF Working Paper, WP/07/233.
  • Kopits, G., Ferrarini, B. & Ramayandi, A. (2016), “Exploring Risk-Adjusted Fiscal Sustainability Analysis for Asian Economies”, ADB Economics Working Paper, 483.
  • Köse, M. A., Kurlat, S., Ohnsorge, F. & Sugawara, N. (2017). “A Cross-Country Database of Fiscal Space”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 8157.
  • Mendoza E G. & Oviedo, P. M. (2004). “Public Debt, Fiscal Solvency and Macroeconomic Uncertinity in Latin America: The Cases of Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico”, NBER Working Paper Series, 10637.
  • Missale, A. (1999). Public Debt Management, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • OECD (2005). Advances in Risk Management of Government Debt, OECD Publication, Paris.
  • Ostry, J. D., Ghosh, A. R., Kim, J. I. & Qureshi, M. S. (2010). “Fiscal Space”, IMF Staff Position Note, SPN/10/11.
  • Park, S. G. (2012). “Quantifying Impact of Aging Population on Fiscal Space”, IMF Working Paper, WP/12/164.
  • Perotti, R. (2007). “Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries: A Framework and Some Questions”, The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 4365.
  • Saxegaard, M. (2014). “Safe Debt and Uncertainty in Emerging Markets: An Application to South Africa”, IMF Working Paper, WP/14/231.
  • Schick, A. (2009). “Budgeting for Fiscal Space”, OECD Journal on Budgeting, 9(2), 7-14.
  • Sriyana, J., Hakim, H. & Herawati. (2017). “Managing Fiscal Risk in High Public Debt: Evidence from Indonesia”, Journal of Applied Economics Sciences, 12(6), 1668-1679.
  • Sriyana, J., & Hakim, A. (2017). “Balance Sheet Approach for Fiscal Sustainability in Indonesia”, International Journal of Economics and Fiscal Issues, 17(1), 68-72.
  • Şen, H., Kaya, A., & Alparslan, B. (2018). “Sürdürülebilirlik Üzerine Tarihsel ve Güncel Bir Perspektif”, Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 29(107), 1-47.
  • Şen, H., Sağbaş, İ. & Keskin, A. (2004). “Bütçe Açıkları ve Açık Finansman Politikası: Teori ve Türkiye Uygulaması”, Orion Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Şen, H., Sağbaş, İ. & Keskin, A. (2010). “Türkiye’de Mali Sürdürülebilirliğin Analizi: 1975-2007”, Maliye Dergisi, (158).
  • Şen, S. & Tokatlıoğlu, M. (2020). “Kamu Maliyesinde Bir Risk Unsuru Olarak Koşullu Yükümlülükler: Türkiye Örneği”, Sosyoekonomi, 28(44), 215-236.
  • Şahin, M. (2014). “Altyapı yatırımları için Mali Alan Oluşturmada Kamu Özel Sektör Ortaklıkları”, Mali Alan: Teori- Uygulama, (Ed.) Kesik, A., Berksoy, T. & Şahin, M., Seçkin Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Tanner, E. & Samake, I. (2006). “Probabilistic Sustainability of Public Debt: A Vector Autoregression Approach for Brazil, Mexico and Turkey”, IMF Working Paper,. WP/06/295.
  • Tanner, E. (2013). “Fiscal Sustainability: A 21st Centruy Guide for Perplexed”, IMF Working Paper, WP/13/89.
  • Tokatlıoğlu, M., Şen, S. & Serbes, H. (2017). “Avrupa Birliği Borç Krizi ve Finansal Yardım Mekanizmaları”, Yard. Doç. Dr. Yaşar Methibay’a Armağan, (Ed.) Saraçoğlu, F. & Çakır, M., Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Towe C. M. (1991). “The Budgetary Control and Fiscal Impact of Government Contingent Liablities”, IMF Staff Papers, 38(1).

Mali Sürdürülebilirlik Analiz Yöntemlerinde Yaşanan Gelişmelere Teorik Bir Bakış

Year 2022, , 239 - 262, 29.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.30927/ijpf.1062197

Abstract

Günümüzde iktisadi faaliyetlerin yapısı ülkelerin maliye politikasında karşı karşıya oldukları risklerin çeşitlenmesine yol açmıştır. Nitekim dış ticaretten finansa ülkeler arası ekonomik ilişkilerin çok daha yoğun bir hale gelmesi ekonomileri birbirlerine eklemlerken; istikrarsızlıklarında kolaylıkla başka ülkelere sirayet etmesini kolaylaştırmıştır. Diğer taraftan finansal serbestleşme ve işlem hacmindeki artışa bağlı olarak borçlanma imkân ve kaynaklarındaki artış, kamu kesiminin yanı sıra kamu kesimi dışındaki iktisadi ajanların finansman imkânlarını genişletirken; özel kesim bilançolarını da kamu maliyesi açısından önemli getirmiştir. Yaşanan bu ve benzeri gelişmeler karşısında mali sürdürülebilirlik analizlerinde de gelişmeler ortaya çıkmış ve bu bağlamda analizler gittikçe risk odaklı hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada mali sürdürülebilirlik analizlerinde yaşanan dönüşüm ve analiz yöntemleri incelenmiştir.

References

  • Adedejı O., Ahokpossi, C., Battiati, C. & Farid, M. (2016). “A Probabilistic Approach to Fiscal Space and Prudent Debt Level: Application to Low-Income Developing Countries”, IMF Working Paper, WP/16/163.
  • Adrogue, R. (2005). ”Fiscal Sustainability: A Value-at-Risk Approach”, Central America: Global Integration and Regional Cooperation, (Ed.) Rodlauer, M. & Schipke, A., International Monetary Fund, Washington DC., 59-68.
  • Akbayır, F. & Yereli, A. B. (2018). “Mali Alan ve Ölçüm Yöntemleri”, Sosyoekonomi, 38(26), 253-277.
  • Allen, M., Rosenberg, C., Keller, C., Setser, B. & Roubini, N. (2002). “A Balance Sheet Approach to Financial Crisis”, IMF Working Paper, WP/02/210.
  • Alvarado, C. D., Izquerdo, A. & Panizza, U. (2004). “Fiscal Sustainability in Emerging Market Countries With An Application to Ecuador”, Inter-American Development Bank Working Paper.
  • Aizenman, J. & Jinjarak, Y. (2010). ”De Facto Fiscal Space and Fiscal Stimulus: Definition and Assessment”, NBER Working Paper Series, 16539.
  • Barnhill T. M. & Kopits, G. (2003). “Assessing Fiscal Sustainability Under Uncertainity”, IMF Working Paper, No. WP/03/79.
  • Blanchard, O. J. (1990). “Suggestions for a New Set of Fiscal Indicators” OECD Working Papers, (79).
  • Bohn, H. (1998). “The Behavior of U.S. Public Debt And Deficits”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(3), 949-963.
  • Bohn, H. (2008). “The Sustainability of Fiscal Policy in the United States”, Sustainability of Public Debt, (Ed) Neck, R. & Sturm, J. E., The MIT Press, Massachusetts London, 15-50. Boskin, M. J. (1982). “Federal Deficits: Some Myths and Realities”, American Economic Review, 72(2), 296-303.
  • Brun, J. F., Chambas, G., Combes, J. L., Dulbecco, P., Gastambide, A., Guérineau, S., Guillaumont S. & Graziosi, G. R., (2006). “Fiscal Space in Developing Countries” UNDP Concept Paper.
  • Buiter, W. H. (1983). “Measurement of the Public Sector Deficit and Its Implications for Policy Evaluation and Design”, IMF Staff Papers, 1983(2).
  • Burnside, C. (2003). “Theoretical Prerequisites for Fiscal Sustainability Analysis”, Fiscal Sustainability in Theory and Practice, (Ed.) Burnside, C., The World Bank, Washington D.C.
  • Burnside, C. (2004). “Assessing New Approaches to Fiscal Sustainability Analysis”, The World Bank Latin America and Caribbean Department’s report on Debt Sustainability Analysis.
  • Campos, C. F.S., Jaimovich, D., & Panizza, U. (2006) “The Unexplained Part of Public Debt”, Emerging Markets Review, 2006(7), 228-243.
  • Celasun O, Debrun, X. & Ostry, J. D. (2006). “ Primary Surplus Behavior and Risks to Fiscal Sustainability in Emerging Market Countries: A "Fan-Chart" Approach”, IMF Working Paper, WP/06/67.
  • Chalk, N. & Hemming, R. (200). “Assesing Fiscal Sustainability in Theory and Practice”, IMF Working Paper, WP/00/81.
  • Cottarelli C. (2014). “Fiscal Sustainability and Fiscal Risk: An Analytical Framework”, Post- Crisis Fiscal Policy, (Ed.) Carlo Cottarelli, Philip Gerson, Abdelhak Senhadji, London: The MIT Press, 15-30.
  • Croce, E. & Juan-Ramon, V. H. (2003). "Assessing Fiscal Sustainability: A Cross-Country Comparison," IMF Working Papers 2003/145.
  • Cuddington, J. T. (1996). “Analysing the Sustainability of Fiscal Deficits in Developing Countries”, Economics Department of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
  • Çaşkurlu, E. (2011). “Bağımsız Maliye Politikası Uygulama Olanağının Kısıtlanması: Mali Alan Daralması ve Etkileri”, Ekonomik Yaklaşım Dergisi, 22(79), 21-44.
  • Çaşkurlu E. & Dağlaroğlu, T. (2010). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerin Küresel Ekonomik Krize Karşı Geliştirdikleri Ekonomi Politikaları, İktisadi Araştırmalar Vakfı, İstanbul.
  • Dinh, H. (1999). “Fiscal Solvency and Sustainability in Economic Management”, Macroeconomics I, South Africa Region The World Bank.
  • Doherty, L. & Yeaman, L. (2008). “Fiscal Space in the G-20”, Economic Roundup Issue 3, Australian Government Treasury, https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/06_Fiscal_space_G-20.pdf, 79-87.
  • Gray, D. F. & Jobst A. A. (2010). “Systemic CCA- A Model Approach to Systemic Risk”, Deutsche Bundesbank.
  • Hamilton, J. D. & Flavin M. E. (1986). “On the Limitations of Government Borrowing: A Framework for Empirical Testing”, The American Economic Review, 76(4), 808-819.
  • Heller, P. S. (2005). “Understanding Fiscal Space”, IMF Policy Discussion Paper, PDP/05/04.
  • Hostland, D. & Karam, P. (2005). “Assessing Debt Sustainability in Emerging Market Economies Using Stochastic Simulation Methods”, IMF Working Paper, WP/05/226.
  • Huertas, G. & Meyer-Cirkel, A. (2021). “Balance Sheets and Debt Crises – Empirical Regularities for Modern Cases of Sovereign Distress”, IMF Working Paper, WP/21/125.
  • International Monetary Fund (2002). “Assessing Sustainability”, IMF Policy Development and Review Department.
  • International Monetary Fund (2003). “Debt Sustainabilit in Low-Income Countries- Towards a Forward-Looking Strategy”, IMF Policy Development and Review Department.
  • International Monetary Fund & World Bank (2014). Revised Guidelines for Public Debt Management, IMF Policy Paper, March.
  • Izquerdo, A. & Panizza, U. (2003). “Fiscal Sustainability: Issues for Emerging Market Countries”, The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies.
  • Imam, P. & Köhler, R. (2010). “Balance Sheet Vulnerabilities of Mauritius: Duruing a Decade of Shocks”, IMF Working Paper, WP/10/148.
  • İnal, V. (2020). Türkiye’de Mali Sürdürülebilirlik, İksad Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Karamelikli, H. & Bayar, Y. (2016). “Makroekonomik Ve Finansal İstikrarın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Uluslararası Yönetim, İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, ICAFR 16 Özel Sayısı, 225-236.
  • Kaya A. (2013). Mali Sürdürülebilirlik: Teori ve Türkiye Uygulaması, Türkiye Bankalar Birliği Yayını, İstanbul.
  • Keller, C., Kunzel, P. & Souto, M. (2007). “Measuring Sovereign Risk in Turkey: An Application of the Contingent Claims Approach”, IMF Working Paper, WP/07/233.
  • Kopits, G., Ferrarini, B. & Ramayandi, A. (2016), “Exploring Risk-Adjusted Fiscal Sustainability Analysis for Asian Economies”, ADB Economics Working Paper, 483.
  • Köse, M. A., Kurlat, S., Ohnsorge, F. & Sugawara, N. (2017). “A Cross-Country Database of Fiscal Space”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 8157.
  • Mendoza E G. & Oviedo, P. M. (2004). “Public Debt, Fiscal Solvency and Macroeconomic Uncertinity in Latin America: The Cases of Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico”, NBER Working Paper Series, 10637.
  • Missale, A. (1999). Public Debt Management, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • OECD (2005). Advances in Risk Management of Government Debt, OECD Publication, Paris.
  • Ostry, J. D., Ghosh, A. R., Kim, J. I. & Qureshi, M. S. (2010). “Fiscal Space”, IMF Staff Position Note, SPN/10/11.
  • Park, S. G. (2012). “Quantifying Impact of Aging Population on Fiscal Space”, IMF Working Paper, WP/12/164.
  • Perotti, R. (2007). “Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries: A Framework and Some Questions”, The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 4365.
  • Saxegaard, M. (2014). “Safe Debt and Uncertainty in Emerging Markets: An Application to South Africa”, IMF Working Paper, WP/14/231.
  • Schick, A. (2009). “Budgeting for Fiscal Space”, OECD Journal on Budgeting, 9(2), 7-14.
  • Sriyana, J., Hakim, H. & Herawati. (2017). “Managing Fiscal Risk in High Public Debt: Evidence from Indonesia”, Journal of Applied Economics Sciences, 12(6), 1668-1679.
  • Sriyana, J., & Hakim, A. (2017). “Balance Sheet Approach for Fiscal Sustainability in Indonesia”, International Journal of Economics and Fiscal Issues, 17(1), 68-72.
  • Şen, H., Kaya, A., & Alparslan, B. (2018). “Sürdürülebilirlik Üzerine Tarihsel ve Güncel Bir Perspektif”, Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 29(107), 1-47.
  • Şen, H., Sağbaş, İ. & Keskin, A. (2004). “Bütçe Açıkları ve Açık Finansman Politikası: Teori ve Türkiye Uygulaması”, Orion Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Şen, H., Sağbaş, İ. & Keskin, A. (2010). “Türkiye’de Mali Sürdürülebilirliğin Analizi: 1975-2007”, Maliye Dergisi, (158).
  • Şen, S. & Tokatlıoğlu, M. (2020). “Kamu Maliyesinde Bir Risk Unsuru Olarak Koşullu Yükümlülükler: Türkiye Örneği”, Sosyoekonomi, 28(44), 215-236.
  • Şahin, M. (2014). “Altyapı yatırımları için Mali Alan Oluşturmada Kamu Özel Sektör Ortaklıkları”, Mali Alan: Teori- Uygulama, (Ed.) Kesik, A., Berksoy, T. & Şahin, M., Seçkin Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Tanner, E. & Samake, I. (2006). “Probabilistic Sustainability of Public Debt: A Vector Autoregression Approach for Brazil, Mexico and Turkey”, IMF Working Paper,. WP/06/295.
  • Tanner, E. (2013). “Fiscal Sustainability: A 21st Centruy Guide for Perplexed”, IMF Working Paper, WP/13/89.
  • Tokatlıoğlu, M., Şen, S. & Serbes, H. (2017). “Avrupa Birliği Borç Krizi ve Finansal Yardım Mekanizmaları”, Yard. Doç. Dr. Yaşar Methibay’a Armağan, (Ed.) Saraçoğlu, F. & Çakır, M., Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Towe C. M. (1991). “The Budgetary Control and Fiscal Impact of Government Contingent Liablities”, IMF Staff Papers, 38(1).
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Semih Şen 0000-0001-5020-3998

Publication Date June 29, 2022
Submission Date January 24, 2022
Acceptance Date March 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Şen, S. (2022). Mali Sürdürülebilirlik Analiz Yöntemlerinde Yaşanan Gelişmelere Teorik Bir Bakış. International Journal of Public Finance, 7(1), 239-262. https://doi.org/10.30927/ijpf.1062197

________________________________________________________________________________________________

9246    9241    Content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International.

________________________________________________________________________________________________