Covid-19’un Ekonomik Etkisinin ve Pandemiyle Mücadele Sürecinde Alınan Ekonomik Tedbirlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Erdal Eroğlu

doi:10.30927/ijpf.803572

Research Article

Covid-19’un Ekonomik Etkisinin ve Pandemiyle Mücadele Sürecinde Alınan Ekonomik Tedbirlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, , 211 - 236, 29.12.2020

Erdal Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.30927/ijpf.803572

Cited By: 19

Abstract

2019’un sonlarında Çin’in Wuhan Kentinde başlayan ve tüm dünyaya yayılan Covid-19 salgını 2020’nin sonuna gelinmesine rağmen başta sağlıkve ekonomi olmak üzere gündelik yaşamın her alanını olumsuz etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Covid-19, 21. yüzyılda gerçekleşen diğer salgınlardan iki açıdan farklılaşmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki salgının çok daha geniş bir coğrafi alana yayılmasıdır. İkincisi ise ekonominin küreselleşmesi ve tedarik zincirleriyle ülkelerin birbiryle bağımlı ticari ilişkiker içinde olmasından kaynaklı salgının ekonomik etkisinin de küresel düzeyde olmasıdır. Ülkelerde peşi sıra gözlemenen olumsuz tablolar ekonomilerin böylesi bir sürece ne denli hazırlıksız olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 salgınının ekonomik etkisinin ve pandemiyle mücalede alınan ekonomik tedbirlerin ülke deneyimleri üzerinden ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda salgının ekonomik açıdan olumsuz etkisi hem makro-ekonomik göstergelerden hem de Covid-19’la mücadele kapsamında alınan ekonomik tedbirlerle ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada benimsenen yöntem ülke deneyimlerin incelenmesidir. İcelemeye konu edilen ülkeler ise Amerika, İtalya, Almanya, Fransa, İspanya, Çin, Japonya, Güney Kore ve Türkiye’dir. Çalışma ile varılan sonuç; Covid-19’un ekonomik etkisinin uzun bir zaman daha küresel ekonominin gündeminde olacağıdır. Alınan tedbirlere rağmen salgının yayılmasına ya da önlenmesine dair henüz çözüm getirelemediği gibi ekonomik kayıpların telafisi dahi mümkün olamamıştır. Bu durum salgının süresinin ve ekonomik etkisinin aynı zamanda kapitalist sistemin işleyişi ile ilgili olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.

Keywords

Covid 19, Küresel Ekonomi, Pandemiyle Mücadele, Ekonomik Tedbirler

References

Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., & Hollingsworth, T. D. (2020). “How will Country-Based Mitigation Measures Influence the Course of the COVID-19 Epidemic?”, The Lancet, 395(10228), 931-934.
Baldwin, R., & Weder di Mauro, B. (2020). Economics in the Time of COVID-19, CEPR Press, London.
Bakır, C. (2020). “The Turkish State’s Responses to Existential COVID-19 Crisis”. Policy and Society, 39 (3), 424-441.
Bartsch, S., Gorham, K., & Lee, Bruce Y. (2015). “The Cost of an Ebola Case”, Pathogens and Global Health, 109(1), 4-9.
CRS Report (2020). https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2020-09-04_R46270_bf85dd38bb4cf565d90c71406951ff9274991796.pdf (30.09.2020).
Fernandes, N. (2020). “Economic Effects of Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) on The World Economy”. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3557504 (30.09.2020).
Gupta, S., Nguyen, T. D., Rojas, F. L., Raman, S., Lee, B., Bento, A., & Wing, C. (2020). “Tracking Public and Private Response to The Covid-19 Epidemic: Evidence From State and Local Government Actions”, National Bureau of Economic Research, https://www.nber.org/papers/w27027.pdf (28.09.2020).
Hai, W., Zhao, Z., Wang, J., & Hou, Z. G. (2004). “The Short-Term Impact of SARS on the Chinese Economy”, Asian Economic Papers, 3(1), 57-61.
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., & Vaishya, R. (2020). “Effects of COVID 19 Pandemic in Daily Life”, Current Medicine Research and Practice. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7147210/ (28.09.2020). Hale, T., Petherick, A., Phillips, T., & Webster, S. (2020). “Variation in Government Responses to COVID-19”, Blavatnik school of government working paper, 31. https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-05/BSG-WP-2020-032-v6.0.pdf (25.09.2020).
Harvey, D., (2006). Postmodernliğin Durumu, Sungur Savran (Çev.), Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
Humphries,M., O. (2014). “Paths of infection: The First World War and The Origins of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic”, War in History, 21(1), 55-81.
IMF (2020). https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19#T (30.09.2020).
Kandel, N., Chungong, S., Omaar, A., & Xing, J. (2020). “Health Security Capacities in The Context of COVID-19 Outbreak: An Analysis of International Health Regulations Annual Report Data From 182 Countries”, The Lancet, 395(10229), 1047-1053.
Lee, J. W., & McKibbin, W. J. (2004). “Estimating the Global Economic Costs of SARS”, Knoble, Stacey vd. (Der.), National Academies Press, Washington DC, 92-109.
Martini, M., Gazzaniga, V., Bragazzi, N. L., & Barberis, I. (2019). “The Spanish Influenza Pandemic: a Lesson From History 100 Years After 1918”, Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 60(1), E64.
McKibbin, W. J., & Sidorenko, A. (2006). “Global Macroeconomic Consequences of Pandemic Influenza”, Lowy Institute for International Policy, Sydney, Australia.
McKibbin, J., W. & Fernando, R. (2020). “The economic impact of COVID-19”, Baldwin, Richard; Mauro Di Weder Beatrice (Ed.), CEPR Press, London, 45-53.
Moghadas, S. M., Shoukat, A., Fitzpatrick, M. C., Wells, C. R., Sah, P., Pandey, A., & Galvani, A. P. (2020). “Projecting hospital utilization during the COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 9122-9126.
Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., & Agha, R. (2020). “The Socioeconomic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193.
Nikiforuk, A. (2020). Mahşerin Dördüncü Atlısı Salgın ve Bulaşıcı Hastalıkların Tarihi, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
Orhangazi, Ö. (2020). Türkiye Ekonomisinin Yapısı Sorunlar Kırılganlıklar ve Kriz Dinamikleri, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
Peterman, A., Potts, A., O’Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S., & van Gelder, N. (2020). “Pandemics and Violence Against Women and Children”, Center for Global Development Working Paper, 528, https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/press/pandemics-and-violence-against-women-and-children/pandemics-and-vawg-april2.pdf (25.09.2020).
Qiu, W., Rutherford, S., Mao, A., & Chu, C. (2017). “The pandemic and Its Impacts”. Health, Culture and Society, 9, 1-11.
Reperant, L. A., & Osterhaus, A. D. (2017). “AIDS, Avian flu, SARS, MERS, Ebola, Zika What Next?”, Vaccine, 35(35), 4470-4474.
Saunders-Hastings, P. R., & Krewski, D. (2016). “Reviewing the History of Pandemic Influenza: Understanding Patterns of Emergence and Transmission”, Pathogens, 5(4), 5(4), 1-19.
Siu, A., & Wong, Y. R. (2004). “Economic Impact of SARS: The Case of Hong Kong”, Asian Economic Papers, 3(1), 62-83.
TEPAV (2020). “Covid 19’un Tüketim Harcamalarına Etkisi”. https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1599887521-6.COVID_19un_Tuketici_Harcamalarina_Etkisi_Bulteni_Agustos.pdf (30.09.2020).
TEPAV (2020a). “Covid 19’un Ekonomiye Etkisinin Elektirk Tüketimi ile Takibi”. https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1586758741-3.COVID_19un_Ekonomiye_Etkisinin_Elektrik_Tuketimi_Ile_Takibi_130420.pdf (30.09.2020).
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı (2020). Covid-19 Ekonomik İstikrar Kalkanı Paketi, http://www.isim.org.tr/content/upload/attached-files/covid-19-ekonomik-istikra-20200414170956.PDF (30.09.2020).
Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi (2020). 14 Nisan 2020İtibariyle Covid-19 ile Mücadele için Ülkemizde Alınan Tedbirler https://tim.org.tr/files/downloads/Koronavirus_Dosyasi/TIM_Ekonomik_Istikrar_Kalkan%C4%B1_Tedbirleri_14.04.2020.pdf
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020). https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66301/covid-19-rehberi.html (30.09.2020).
Verelst, F., Kuylen, E., & Beutels, P. (2020). “Indications for Healthcare Surge Capacity in European Countries Facing an Exponential Increase in Coronavirus Disease (Covıd-19) Cases”, Eurosurveillance, 25(13), https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.14.20035980v2.full.pdf (30.09.2020).
Voyvoda, E., & Yeldan, E. (2020). “Salgın, Türkiye Ekonomisi ve Gerçekçi Bir Kamu Politikası Önerisi”, https://sarkac.org/2020/06/salgin-turkiye-ekonomisi-ve-gercekci-bir-kamu-politikasi-onerisi/ (30.09.2020).
World Health Organization (2020). Considerations in adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19, https://www.eryigit.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/WHO-2019-nCoV-Adjusting_PH_measures-Workplaces-2020.1-eng.pdf (30.09.2020).

Year 2020, , 211 - 236, 29.12.2020

Erdal Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.30927/ijpf.803572

Cited By: 19

Abstract

References

Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., & Hollingsworth, T. D. (2020). “How will Country-Based Mitigation Measures Influence the Course of the COVID-19 Epidemic?”, The Lancet, 395(10228), 931-934.
Baldwin, R., & Weder di Mauro, B. (2020). Economics in the Time of COVID-19, CEPR Press, London.
Bakır, C. (2020). “The Turkish State’s Responses to Existential COVID-19 Crisis”. Policy and Society, 39 (3), 424-441.
Bartsch, S., Gorham, K., & Lee, Bruce Y. (2015). “The Cost of an Ebola Case”, Pathogens and Global Health, 109(1), 4-9.
CRS Report (2020). https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2020-09-04_R46270_bf85dd38bb4cf565d90c71406951ff9274991796.pdf (30.09.2020).
Fernandes, N. (2020). “Economic Effects of Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) on The World Economy”. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3557504 (30.09.2020).
Gupta, S., Nguyen, T. D., Rojas, F. L., Raman, S., Lee, B., Bento, A., & Wing, C. (2020). “Tracking Public and Private Response to The Covid-19 Epidemic: Evidence From State and Local Government Actions”, National Bureau of Economic Research, https://www.nber.org/papers/w27027.pdf (28.09.2020).
Hai, W., Zhao, Z., Wang, J., & Hou, Z. G. (2004). “The Short-Term Impact of SARS on the Chinese Economy”, Asian Economic Papers, 3(1), 57-61.
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., & Vaishya, R. (2020). “Effects of COVID 19 Pandemic in Daily Life”, Current Medicine Research and Practice. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7147210/ (28.09.2020). Hale, T., Petherick, A., Phillips, T., & Webster, S. (2020). “Variation in Government Responses to COVID-19”, Blavatnik school of government working paper, 31. https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-05/BSG-WP-2020-032-v6.0.pdf (25.09.2020).
Harvey, D., (2006). Postmodernliğin Durumu, Sungur Savran (Çev.), Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
Humphries,M., O. (2014). “Paths of infection: The First World War and The Origins of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic”, War in History, 21(1), 55-81.
IMF (2020). https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19#T (30.09.2020).
Kandel, N., Chungong, S., Omaar, A., & Xing, J. (2020). “Health Security Capacities in The Context of COVID-19 Outbreak: An Analysis of International Health Regulations Annual Report Data From 182 Countries”, The Lancet, 395(10229), 1047-1053.
Lee, J. W., & McKibbin, W. J. (2004). “Estimating the Global Economic Costs of SARS”, Knoble, Stacey vd. (Der.), National Academies Press, Washington DC, 92-109.
Martini, M., Gazzaniga, V., Bragazzi, N. L., & Barberis, I. (2019). “The Spanish Influenza Pandemic: a Lesson From History 100 Years After 1918”, Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 60(1), E64.
McKibbin, W. J., & Sidorenko, A. (2006). “Global Macroeconomic Consequences of Pandemic Influenza”, Lowy Institute for International Policy, Sydney, Australia.
McKibbin, J., W. & Fernando, R. (2020). “The economic impact of COVID-19”, Baldwin, Richard; Mauro Di Weder Beatrice (Ed.), CEPR Press, London, 45-53.
Moghadas, S. M., Shoukat, A., Fitzpatrick, M. C., Wells, C. R., Sah, P., Pandey, A., & Galvani, A. P. (2020). “Projecting hospital utilization during the COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 9122-9126.
Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., & Agha, R. (2020). “The Socioeconomic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193.
Nikiforuk, A. (2020). Mahşerin Dördüncü Atlısı Salgın ve Bulaşıcı Hastalıkların Tarihi, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
Orhangazi, Ö. (2020). Türkiye Ekonomisinin Yapısı Sorunlar Kırılganlıklar ve Kriz Dinamikleri, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
Peterman, A., Potts, A., O’Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S., & van Gelder, N. (2020). “Pandemics and Violence Against Women and Children”, Center for Global Development Working Paper, 528, https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/press/pandemics-and-violence-against-women-and-children/pandemics-and-vawg-april2.pdf (25.09.2020).
Qiu, W., Rutherford, S., Mao, A., & Chu, C. (2017). “The pandemic and Its Impacts”. Health, Culture and Society, 9, 1-11.
Reperant, L. A., & Osterhaus, A. D. (2017). “AIDS, Avian flu, SARS, MERS, Ebola, Zika What Next?”, Vaccine, 35(35), 4470-4474.
Saunders-Hastings, P. R., & Krewski, D. (2016). “Reviewing the History of Pandemic Influenza: Understanding Patterns of Emergence and Transmission”, Pathogens, 5(4), 5(4), 1-19.
Siu, A., & Wong, Y. R. (2004). “Economic Impact of SARS: The Case of Hong Kong”, Asian Economic Papers, 3(1), 62-83.
TEPAV (2020). “Covid 19’un Tüketim Harcamalarına Etkisi”. https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1599887521-6.COVID_19un_Tuketici_Harcamalarina_Etkisi_Bulteni_Agustos.pdf (30.09.2020).
TEPAV (2020a). “Covid 19’un Ekonomiye Etkisinin Elektirk Tüketimi ile Takibi”. https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1586758741-3.COVID_19un_Ekonomiye_Etkisinin_Elektrik_Tuketimi_Ile_Takibi_130420.pdf (30.09.2020).
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı (2020). Covid-19 Ekonomik İstikrar Kalkanı Paketi, http://www.isim.org.tr/content/upload/attached-files/covid-19-ekonomik-istikra-20200414170956.PDF (30.09.2020).
Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi (2020). 14 Nisan 2020İtibariyle Covid-19 ile Mücadele için Ülkemizde Alınan Tedbirler https://tim.org.tr/files/downloads/Koronavirus_Dosyasi/TIM_Ekonomik_Istikrar_Kalkan%C4%B1_Tedbirleri_14.04.2020.pdf
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020). https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66301/covid-19-rehberi.html (30.09.2020).
Verelst, F., Kuylen, E., & Beutels, P. (2020). “Indications for Healthcare Surge Capacity in European Countries Facing an Exponential Increase in Coronavirus Disease (Covıd-19) Cases”, Eurosurveillance, 25(13), https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.14.20035980v2.full.pdf (30.09.2020).
Voyvoda, E., & Yeldan, E. (2020). “Salgın, Türkiye Ekonomisi ve Gerçekçi Bir Kamu Politikası Önerisi”, https://sarkac.org/2020/06/salgin-turkiye-ekonomisi-ve-gercekci-bir-kamu-politikasi-onerisi/ (30.09.2020).
World Health Organization (2020). Considerations in adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19, https://www.eryigit.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/WHO-2019-nCoV-Adjusting_PH_measures-Workplaces-2020.1-eng.pdf (30.09.2020).

There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Economics
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Erdal Eroğlu 0000-0002-5359-2420
Publication Date	December 29, 2020
Submission Date	October 1, 2020
Acceptance Date	December 6, 2020
Published in Issue	Year 2020

Cite

APA	Eroğlu, E. (2020). Covid-19’un Ekonomik Etkisinin ve Pandemiyle Mücadele Sürecinde Alınan Ekonomik Tedbirlerin Değerlendirilmesi. International Journal of Public Finance, 5(2), 211-236. https://doi.org/10.30927/ijpf.803572