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Türkiye’de ve Bazı Ülkelerde Vergi Karmaşıklığının Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 145 - 165, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.30927/ijpf.600713

Abstract

Vergilemeye
yüklenen işlevlerin giderek artması, tüm dünyada vergi sistemlerinin kapsamının
genişlemesine ve bunun sonucunda vergi karmaşıklığına sebep olmuştur. Söz
konusu karmaşıklık pek çok faktör tarafından belirlenmekte ve ülkelere ciddi
maliyetler yüklemektedir. Vergi karmaşıklığı seviyesinin artması, vergilemenin
idari maliyetlerini de vergi uyum maliyetlerini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu
çalışmada önce vergi karmaşıklığının kapsamı, karmaşıklığa sebep olan faktörler
ve karmaşıklığı ölçüm yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Daha sonra ise çeşitli
endekslere göre bazı ülkelerde ve Türkiye’de vergi karmaşıklığı düzeyi ile
ilgili ölçüm sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Bu ölçümlere göre, Türkiye’de vergi
karmaşıklığı seviyesinin oldukça yüksek olduğu ve Türk vergi sisteminin Dünyada
en karmaşık sistemler arasında yer aldığı anlaşılmıştır.

References

  • AKTAN, C., (2006), Vergi Psikolojisinin Temelleri ve Vergi Ahlak, (Der.), Vergileme Ekonomisi ve Vergileme Psikolojisi, AKTAN, Coşkun Can, Dilek Dileyici ve İ.Yaşar Vural (Ed.) , Seçkin Yayınevi, 1.bs., Ankara, ss.125-136.
  • ALM J., SANCHEZ I., & JUAN A., (1995), Economic and Noneconomic Factors in Tax Compliance, KYKLOS International Rewiev for Social Sciences, Vol. 48, pp. 1-18.
  • BUDAK T., & JAMES S., (2018), The Level of Tax Complexity: A Comparative Analysis Between the UK and Turkey Based on the OTS Index, Internatıonal Tax Journal January, pp. 27-40.
  • BUDAK T., JAMES S., & BENK S., (2017), Vergi Sisteminin Basitleştirilmesi: Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme, Maliye Araştırmaları 1, Ekin Yayın, Bursa, ss. 61-84.
  • EVANS C., & TRAN-NAM B., (2012), Managing Tax System Complexity: Building Bridges Through Pre-Filled Tax Returns, Australian Tax Forum (25), pp. 247-276.
  • FELD, Lars P. & FREY Bruno, (2002), “The Tax Authority and the Taxpayer: An Exploratory Analysis”, Centre de Recherce Rennais en Economie et Gestion(CREREG), Seminaire Pages, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=888DB24D95B343CC08587016BD0D289F?doi=10.1.1.200.8641&rep=rep1&type=pdf, (E.T. 15.04.2019).
  • GENSCHEL P., & SCHWARZ P., (2011), Tax Competition: A Literature Review, Socio-Economic Review (9), pp. 339–370.
  • GÜNER, Ümit, (2008), “Türkiye’de Vergi Bilincinin Ve Vergi Ahlakının Oluşmasında Gelir İdaresinin Rolü”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • HURTEN A., (2012). Remapping The Fiscal State After The Global Financial Crisis, Economic Geography. 88, 3, pp. 231-253.
  • JAMES S., (2007), Tax Sımplıfıcatıon Is Not A Sımple Issue: The Reasons For Dıffıculty And A Possıble Strategy, University of Exeter Discussion Papers in Management , Vol. 18, No. 07, pp. 1-18.
  • JONES G., RİCE P., SHERWOOD J., & WHİTİNG J., (2014), Developing a Tax Complexity Index for the UK, London: Office of Tax Simplification, pp. 1-18.
  • KARABACAK Y., (2013a), Vergi Karmaşıklığı Modern Vergi Sistemlerinin Kaçınılmaz Sonu Mudur?, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, ss. 15-30.
  • KARABACAK Y., (2013b), Türk Vergi Kanunlarının Karmaşıklık Düzeyinin Ölçümü Üzerine Bir Deneme, Maliye Dergisi, Sayı 165, ss. 38-53.
  • MUMFORD A., (2015), Tax Complexity, Tax Salience and Tax Politics, Social & Legal Studies, Vol. 24(2), pp. 185–201.
  • MYLES, Gareth D. (2000), Wasteful Government, Tax Evasion and the Provision of Public Goods, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 16, pp. 51-74.Office of Tax Simplification (OTS), Annual Report 2017 - 18 : Simplifying the tax system to make it easier for the taxpayer to use, Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 187(4) of Finance Act 2016, London, July 2018, ISBN 978-1-912225-91-0.
  • ÖNER S., & CURAL M., (2019), Vergi Karmaşıklığı: Gelir Vergisi Kanunu, Gelir Vergisi Beyanname Düzenleme Rehberleri ve Beyan Broşürlerinin Okunabilirliği, Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt:5, Sayı:1, pp. 99-114.
  • PARTLOW J., (2013), The Necessity of Complexity in the Tax System, Wyoming Law Review, Volume 13, Number 1, pp. 303-334.
  • Progressive Policy Instıtute (PPI), (2014), The State Tax Complexity Index: A New Tool for Tax Reform and Simplification, https://www.progressivepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/2014.04-Weinstein_The-State-Tax-Complexity-Index_A-New-Tool-For-Tax-Reform-and-Simplification1.pdf (E.T. 7.04.2019).
  • PwC & World Bank Group, (2018), Paying Taxes: Thirteen Years Of Data And Analysis On Tax Systems İn 190 Economies: Alook At Recent Developments And Historical Trends, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/paying-taxes/pdf/pwc_paying_taxes_2018_full_report.pdf, (E.T. 10.04.2019).
  • PwC & World Bank Group, (2019), Paying Taxes: Fourteen Years Of Data And Analysis On Tax Systems İn 190 Economies: How is Technology Affecting Tax Administration And Policy?, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/paying-taxes/pdf/pwc-paying-taxes-2019.pdf, (E.T. 8.04.2019).
  • SANDALCI U., SANDALCI İ., & KARAASLAN A., (2015), Vergi İdaresi Ve Siyasi Yönetim Algısının Vergi Ahlakına Etkisi: Anket Çalışması, Hukuk Ve İktisat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 7, Sayı 2, ss. 16-32.
  • SLEMROD J., & BAKİJA J., (2008), Taxing Ourselves, A Citizen’s Guide to the Debate over Taxes, The MIT Press Cambridge, England, pp. 1-12.
  • SMITH, Kent W. (1992), "Reciprocity and Fairess: Positive Incentives for Tax Compliance," SLEMROD, Joel (ed.), Why People Pay Taxes: Tax Compliance and Enforcement (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press), pp. 223-250.
  • TEKBAŞ A., (2010), Vergi Kanunlarının Tabi Olduğu Anayasal İlkeler, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt: 12, Özel S., s.123-191.
  • TEKİN A., & GÜRÇAM Sökmen Ö., (2015), Vergi Harcamaları: Seçilmiş Bazı Oecd Ülke Uygulamaları, Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences- Volume: XVII Issue: 1, pp. 138-158.
  • TMF Group, (2018), The Fınancıal Complexıty Index, https://www.tmf-group.com/en/news-insights/publications/2018/financial-complexity-index/, (E.T. 20.04.2019).
  • TUNÇER M., (2002), Hükümet-Birey İlişkilerinin Vergi Uyumuna Etkisi ve Türkiye, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. 57-3, ss. 107-128.
  • ÜYÜMEZ E., (2016), Vergi Mevzuatının Karmaşıklığı Ve Uzlaşma Yöntemi Bağlamında Vergi Uyumunun Değerlendirilmesi, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 8, No: 1,ss. 75-92.
  • Vergi Harcamaları Raporu, T.C. Hazine Ve Maliye Bakanlığı Gelir Düzenlemeleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, https://ms.hmb.gov.tr/uploads/2019/01/Vergi-Harcamalar_-Raporu-2018.pdf, (E.T. 29.04.2019).

Comparative Analysis of Tax Complexity in Turkey and Some Countries

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 145 - 165, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.30927/ijpf.600713

Abstract

The increasing number of functions imposed on taxation has led to the expansion of
the coverage of tax systems worldwide, resulting in tax complexity. The
complexity is determined by many factors and places serious costs on countries.
The increase in the level of tax complexity negatively affects the tax costs of
taxation and the administrative costs of taxation. In this study, the scope of
tax complexity, the factors that cause complexity and the methods of measurement
of complexity were examined. It is then given to some countries and the
measurements of the level of complexity of the tax results in Turkey, according
to various indices. According to these measures, the level of complexity of the
tax in Turkey is quite high and it was understood that the Turkish tax system
among the most complex systems in the world.

References

  • AKTAN, C., (2006), Vergi Psikolojisinin Temelleri ve Vergi Ahlak, (Der.), Vergileme Ekonomisi ve Vergileme Psikolojisi, AKTAN, Coşkun Can, Dilek Dileyici ve İ.Yaşar Vural (Ed.) , Seçkin Yayınevi, 1.bs., Ankara, ss.125-136.
  • ALM J., SANCHEZ I., & JUAN A., (1995), Economic and Noneconomic Factors in Tax Compliance, KYKLOS International Rewiev for Social Sciences, Vol. 48, pp. 1-18.
  • BUDAK T., & JAMES S., (2018), The Level of Tax Complexity: A Comparative Analysis Between the UK and Turkey Based on the OTS Index, Internatıonal Tax Journal January, pp. 27-40.
  • BUDAK T., JAMES S., & BENK S., (2017), Vergi Sisteminin Basitleştirilmesi: Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme, Maliye Araştırmaları 1, Ekin Yayın, Bursa, ss. 61-84.
  • EVANS C., & TRAN-NAM B., (2012), Managing Tax System Complexity: Building Bridges Through Pre-Filled Tax Returns, Australian Tax Forum (25), pp. 247-276.
  • FELD, Lars P. & FREY Bruno, (2002), “The Tax Authority and the Taxpayer: An Exploratory Analysis”, Centre de Recherce Rennais en Economie et Gestion(CREREG), Seminaire Pages, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=888DB24D95B343CC08587016BD0D289F?doi=10.1.1.200.8641&rep=rep1&type=pdf, (E.T. 15.04.2019).
  • GENSCHEL P., & SCHWARZ P., (2011), Tax Competition: A Literature Review, Socio-Economic Review (9), pp. 339–370.
  • GÜNER, Ümit, (2008), “Türkiye’de Vergi Bilincinin Ve Vergi Ahlakının Oluşmasında Gelir İdaresinin Rolü”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • HURTEN A., (2012). Remapping The Fiscal State After The Global Financial Crisis, Economic Geography. 88, 3, pp. 231-253.
  • JAMES S., (2007), Tax Sımplıfıcatıon Is Not A Sımple Issue: The Reasons For Dıffıculty And A Possıble Strategy, University of Exeter Discussion Papers in Management , Vol. 18, No. 07, pp. 1-18.
  • JONES G., RİCE P., SHERWOOD J., & WHİTİNG J., (2014), Developing a Tax Complexity Index for the UK, London: Office of Tax Simplification, pp. 1-18.
  • KARABACAK Y., (2013a), Vergi Karmaşıklığı Modern Vergi Sistemlerinin Kaçınılmaz Sonu Mudur?, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, ss. 15-30.
  • KARABACAK Y., (2013b), Türk Vergi Kanunlarının Karmaşıklık Düzeyinin Ölçümü Üzerine Bir Deneme, Maliye Dergisi, Sayı 165, ss. 38-53.
  • MUMFORD A., (2015), Tax Complexity, Tax Salience and Tax Politics, Social & Legal Studies, Vol. 24(2), pp. 185–201.
  • MYLES, Gareth D. (2000), Wasteful Government, Tax Evasion and the Provision of Public Goods, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 16, pp. 51-74.Office of Tax Simplification (OTS), Annual Report 2017 - 18 : Simplifying the tax system to make it easier for the taxpayer to use, Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 187(4) of Finance Act 2016, London, July 2018, ISBN 978-1-912225-91-0.
  • ÖNER S., & CURAL M., (2019), Vergi Karmaşıklığı: Gelir Vergisi Kanunu, Gelir Vergisi Beyanname Düzenleme Rehberleri ve Beyan Broşürlerinin Okunabilirliği, Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt:5, Sayı:1, pp. 99-114.
  • PARTLOW J., (2013), The Necessity of Complexity in the Tax System, Wyoming Law Review, Volume 13, Number 1, pp. 303-334.
  • Progressive Policy Instıtute (PPI), (2014), The State Tax Complexity Index: A New Tool for Tax Reform and Simplification, https://www.progressivepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/2014.04-Weinstein_The-State-Tax-Complexity-Index_A-New-Tool-For-Tax-Reform-and-Simplification1.pdf (E.T. 7.04.2019).
  • PwC & World Bank Group, (2018), Paying Taxes: Thirteen Years Of Data And Analysis On Tax Systems İn 190 Economies: Alook At Recent Developments And Historical Trends, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/paying-taxes/pdf/pwc_paying_taxes_2018_full_report.pdf, (E.T. 10.04.2019).
  • PwC & World Bank Group, (2019), Paying Taxes: Fourteen Years Of Data And Analysis On Tax Systems İn 190 Economies: How is Technology Affecting Tax Administration And Policy?, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/paying-taxes/pdf/pwc-paying-taxes-2019.pdf, (E.T. 8.04.2019).
  • SANDALCI U., SANDALCI İ., & KARAASLAN A., (2015), Vergi İdaresi Ve Siyasi Yönetim Algısının Vergi Ahlakına Etkisi: Anket Çalışması, Hukuk Ve İktisat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 7, Sayı 2, ss. 16-32.
  • SLEMROD J., & BAKİJA J., (2008), Taxing Ourselves, A Citizen’s Guide to the Debate over Taxes, The MIT Press Cambridge, England, pp. 1-12.
  • SMITH, Kent W. (1992), "Reciprocity and Fairess: Positive Incentives for Tax Compliance," SLEMROD, Joel (ed.), Why People Pay Taxes: Tax Compliance and Enforcement (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press), pp. 223-250.
  • TEKBAŞ A., (2010), Vergi Kanunlarının Tabi Olduğu Anayasal İlkeler, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt: 12, Özel S., s.123-191.
  • TEKİN A., & GÜRÇAM Sökmen Ö., (2015), Vergi Harcamaları: Seçilmiş Bazı Oecd Ülke Uygulamaları, Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences- Volume: XVII Issue: 1, pp. 138-158.
  • TMF Group, (2018), The Fınancıal Complexıty Index, https://www.tmf-group.com/en/news-insights/publications/2018/financial-complexity-index/, (E.T. 20.04.2019).
  • TUNÇER M., (2002), Hükümet-Birey İlişkilerinin Vergi Uyumuna Etkisi ve Türkiye, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. 57-3, ss. 107-128.
  • ÜYÜMEZ E., (2016), Vergi Mevzuatının Karmaşıklığı Ve Uzlaşma Yöntemi Bağlamında Vergi Uyumunun Değerlendirilmesi, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 8, No: 1,ss. 75-92.
  • Vergi Harcamaları Raporu, T.C. Hazine Ve Maliye Bakanlığı Gelir Düzenlemeleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, https://ms.hmb.gov.tr/uploads/2019/01/Vergi-Harcamalar_-Raporu-2018.pdf, (E.T. 29.04.2019).
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gizem Zeren 0000-0002-9837-9244

Publication Date December 30, 2019
Submission Date August 2, 2019
Acceptance Date November 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Zeren, G. (2019). Türkiye’de ve Bazı Ülkelerde Vergi Karmaşıklığının Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi. International Journal of Public Finance, 4(2), 145-165. https://doi.org/10.30927/ijpf.600713

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