Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuelled Diesel Engines

Abstract

Rapid industrialisation and growth in population has resulted in the rapid increase in energy demand. Indiscriminate use of fossil fuels has led to extinction of petroleum sources. Pollutant emissions from diesel engines has caused major impacts in disturbing the ecological system. To overcome these problems, focus is towards alternative sources. Biodiesel, derived from vegetable oils, animal fats and algae is the future prospect. The paper reviews the research on impact of biodiesel on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. Higher viscosity is found as the major problem in use of vegetable oil directly in engine that is removed by converting it into biodiesel by transesterification reaction. Fuel properties like calorific value, flash point and cetane value of biodiesel and biodiesel–diesel blends were found comparable petroleum diesel. Performance results reveal that most of the biodiesel, give higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake-specific fuel consumption. Emission results showed that in most cases, NOx is increased, and HC, CO, and PM emissions are decreased. B20 blend of biodiesel with diesel was found the best suitable blend for engine. Biodiesel is an appropriate inherent source for alternative fuel, with environmental benefits.

Keywords

• Biodiesel, Transesterification, BSFC, BTE, Emission, Vegetable Oils.

References

1. T.M. Yunuskhan, A.E. Atabani, I.A. Badruddin, A. Badarudin, M.S. Khayoon, S. Triwahyono, Recent scenario and technologies to utilize non-edible oils for biodiesel production, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 37, (2014) 840–851.
2. P. Verma, V.M. Singh, Assessment of Diesel Engine performance using Cotton Seed Biodiesel, Integr. Res. Adv., 1(1), (2014) 1-4. [3] A. Demirbas, Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel. Energy Policy, 35, (2007) 4661– 70.
3. M. Canakci, J.H. Van Gerpen, Comparison of engine performance and emissions for petroleum diesel fuel, yellow grease biodiesel and soybean oil biodiesel. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng, 46, (2013) 937–44.
4. M. Canakci, Performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel from soybean oil. J Automob Eng, 219, (2005) 915–22.
5. J.C. Guibet, E. Faure-Birchem, Fuels and engines: Technology, 2710807513, 9782710807513, (1999) Publications of the https://books.google.com/books/about/Fuels_and_engi nes.html?id=bW8nAQAAMAAJ ISBN: French Petroleum Institute,
6. P. Talebizadeh, M. Babaie, R. Brown, H. Rahimzade h , Z. Ristovski, M. Arai, The role of non-thermal plasma technique in NOx treatment: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 40, (2014) 886–901.
7. S.R. Pauleta, S. Dell’Acqua, I. Moura, Nitrous oxid e reductase. Coord Chem Rev, 257, (2013) 332–49.
8. India Emission Regulations, The Automotive Research Association of India (2011, December).

9. G. Dwivedi, M.P. Sharma, Potential and limitation of straight vegetable oils as engine fuel – An Indian perspective, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 33, (2014) 316–322.
10. M.J. Haas, Improving Economics of Biodiese l Production Through the Use of Low Value Lipids as Feedstocks: Vegetable Oil Soapstack, Fuel Processing Technology 86, (2005) 1087-1096.
11. Puneet Verma, Experimental Investigation of Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel from Eucalyptus Oil, In Proceedings of International Conference on Emergin g Materials and Applications at IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus (2014).
12. G. Tuccar, K Aydin, Evaluation of methyl ester of microalgae oil as fuel in a diesel engine. Fuel, 112, (2013) 203–7.
13. T. Ozgur, G. Tuccar, M. Ozcanli, K. Aydin Prediction of emissions of a diesel engine fueled with soybean biodiesel using artificial neural networks. Energy Edu Sci Technol, 27, (2011) 301–12
14. G. Tuccar, E. Tosun, T. Ozgur, K. Aydın, Diesel engine emissions and performance from blends of citrus sinensis biodiesel and diesel fuel, Fuel 132, (2014) 7– 11.
15. M.S. Shehata, Emissions, performance and cylinder pressure of diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel fuel, Fuel, 112, (2013) 513–522
16. M.M. Roy, W. Wang, J. Bujold, Biodiesel production and comparison of emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled by biodiesel–diesel and canola oil–diesel blends at high idling operations, Applied Energy, 106, (2013) 198–208.
17. M.A. Wail, S.A. Khaled,Performance of Diesel Engine Fuelled by a Biodiesel Extracted From A Waste Cocking 1334
18. Qi D.H., H. Chen, L.M. Geng, Y. ZH. Bian , Experimental studies on the combustion characteristics and performance of a direct injection engine fueled with biodiesel/diesel blends, Energy Conversion and Management, 51, (2010) 2985–2992.
19. I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, H.H. Masjuki, A.M. Liaquat, R. Ramli, M.A. Kalam, V.N. Riazuddin. Impact of various biodiesel fuels obtained from edible and non-edibleoils on engine exhaust gas and noise emissions. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 18, (2013) 552–567.
20. M. Nagarhalli, V Nandedkar, K. Mohite. Emission and performance characteristics of karanja biodiesel and its blends J Eng Appl Sci, 5, (2010) 52–6.
21. G. Sakthivel, G. Nagarajan, M. Ilangkumaran, A.B. Gaikwad, emission and combustion parameters of diesel engine fuelled with ethyl ester of fish oil and its diesel blends, Fuel, 132, (2014) 116–124.
22. M. Habibullah, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, I.M.R. Fattah, A.M. Ashraful, H.M. Mobarak, Biodiese l production and performance evaluation of coconut, palm and their combined blend with diesel in a single- cylinder diesel engine, Energy Conversion and Management, 87, (2014) 250–257.
23. B.S. Chauhan, N. Kumar, H.M. Cho, H.C. Lim., A study on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fuelled with Karanja biodiesel and its blends, Energy, 56, (2013) 1-7.
24. Z. Utlu, M.S. Kocak, The effect of biodiesel fuel obtained from waste frying oil on direct injection diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions, Renewable Energy, 33, (2008) 1936–41.
25. DYC Leung, Development of a clean biodiesel fuel in Hong Kong using recycled oil. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 130, (2001) 277–82.
26. M.S. Shehata, Emissions, performance and cylinder pressure of diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel fuel, Fuel 112, (2013) 513–522.
27. G.L.N. Rao, S. Sampath, K. Rajagopal, Experime n t a l studies on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with used cooking oil methyl ester and its diesel blends. International Journal Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4, (2008) 64–70.
28. S. Imtenan, H.H. Masjuki, M. Varman, M.A. Kalam, I. Arbab, H. Sajjad, S.M.A. Rahman, Impact of oxygenated additives to palm and jatropha biodiesel blends in the context of performance and emissions characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine, Energy Conversion and Management, 83, (2014) 149–158.
29. O. Ozener, J. Yuksek, A.T. Ergenc, M. Ozkan, Effects of soybean biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics, Fuel, 115, (2014) 875–883.
30. A.K. Agarwal, Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33, (2007) 233–271