Study the With Different Precursor Molarities the Calculation the Urbach Energy in the Undoped ZnO Thin Films

Abstract

The ZnO thin films were prepared with different precursor molarities by ultrasonic spray method on glass substrate at 350 °C. This paper is to present a new approach to the description of correlation between Urbach energy and optical gap energy with precursor molaritie. This correlation based on experimental data of our study published previously in the international journal. The measurement of the Urbach energy of undoped ZnO thin films were realized at different model proposals; these measurements shows that the Urbach energy of the films can be estimated by varying the optical gap energy and the concentration of ZnO solution. The best estimated results are measured by Eq. (1) with minimum relative errors values were limited to 2 %.  Thus results indicate that the ZnO thin films are chemically purer and have many fewer defects and less disorder owing to an almost complete chemical decomposition

Keywords

• ZnO; Thin films; crystallite size; Urbach energy; Correlation.

References

1. S. Benramache, B. Benhaoua, O. Belahssen, The crystalline structure, conductivity and optical properties of Co-doped ZnO thin films, Optik, Vol. 125, pp. 3864– 3867, 2014.
2. S. Benramache, A. Rahal, B. Benhaoua, The effects of solvent nature on spray-deposited ZnO thin film prepared from Zn (CH3COO)2, 2H2O, Optik, Vol. 125, pp. 663–666, 2014.
3. Y. Zhang, C. Wu, Y. Zheng et al. Synthesis and efficient field emission characteristics of patterned ZnO nanowires. Journal of Semiconductors, Vol. 33, pp. 023001–5, 2012.
4. S. Benramache, B. Benhaoua, Influence of annealing temperature on structural and optical properties of ZnO: In thin films prepared by ultrasonic spray technique, Superlattices and Microstructure, Vol. 52, pp. 1062– 1070, 2012.
5. M.Z. Pakhuruddin, Y. Yusof, K. Ibrahim, A. Abdul Aziz, Fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide anti-reflective microcrystalline silicon solar cell, Optik, Vol. 124, pp. 5397–5400, 2013. on flexiblethin film
6. D.W. Kang, S.H. Kuk, K.S. Ji, H.M. Lee, M.K. Han, Effects of ITO precursor thicknesson transparent conductive Al doped ZnO film for solar cell applications, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 95, pp. 138–141, 2011.
7. R. Mariappan, V. Ponnuswamy, A. Chandra Bose, A. Chithambararaj, R. Suresh, M. Ragavendar, Structural, optical and electrical characterization of nebulizer- sprayed Microstructures, Vol. 65, pp. 184–194, 2014. Superlattices and
8. L. Castaneda, J. Moreno-Valenzuela, C. Torres-Torres, Chemisorptive detection by electrical and nonlinear optical absorption properties of a nanostructured ruthenium-doped zinc oxide film, Optik, Vol. 124, pp. 5209–5213, 2013.

9. H. Yua, H. Fan, X. Wang, J. Wang, Synthesis and characterization of ZnO microstructures viamicrowave- assisted hydrothermal synthesis process, Optik, Vol. 125, pp. 1461–1464, 2014.
10. H. Zhang, H. Liu, C. Lei et al. Low-temperature deposition of transparent conducting Mn–W co-doped ZnO thin films. Journal of Semiconductors, Vol. 31, pp. 083005–5, 2010.
11. S. Benramache, B. Benhaoua, H. Bentrah, Preparation of transparent conducting of ZnO:Co and ZnO:In thin films by ultrasonic spray method, Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, Vol. 3, pp. 1–7, 2012.
12. P. Prepelita, R. Medianu, B. Sbarcea, et al. The influence of using different substrates on the structural and optical characteristics of ZnO thin films. Applied Surface Sciences, Vol. 256, pp. 1807–1812, 2010.
13. S. Benramache, B. Benhaoua, Influence of substrate temperature and Cobalt concentration on structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by Ultrasonic Microstructures, Vol. 52, pp. 807–815, 2012. Superlattices and
14. A.J. Hashim* , M.S. Jaafar, Alaa J. Ghazai, N.M. Ahmed, Fabrication and characterization of ZnO thin film using sol–gel method, Optik, Vol. 124, pp. 491– 492, 2013.
15. S. Benramache, B. Benhaoua, F. Chabane, Effect of substrate temperature on the stability of transparent conducting cobalt doped ZnO thin films, Journal of Semiconductors, Vol. 33, pp. 093001–4, 2012.
16. Z.B. Bahs, A.Y. Oral, Effects of Mn and Cu doping on the microstructures and optical properties of sol–gel derived ZnO thin films. Optics Materials, Vol. 29, pp. 672–677, 2007.
17. S. Benramache, O. Belahssen, A. Arif, A. Guettaf, A correlation for crystallite size of undoped ZnO thin film with theband gap energy – precursor molarity – substrate temperature, Optik, Vol. 125, pp. 1303–1306, 2014.
18. S. Benramache, F. Chabane, D. Bensahal, O. Belahssen, F.Z. Characterization of Transparent Conductive ZnO Thin Films by Ultrasonic Spray Technique, Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 97–104, 2013. and