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Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery

Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 200 - 211, 01.12.2011

Zoltán Varga Péter Stumpf Rafael K. Járdán İstvan Nagy

https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY

Abstract

Applications of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine (USIM) in a system developed for utilization of renewable and waste energies is described. It can be applied in Distributed Generation Systems. The energy conversion is made by a turbine-generator set. USIM has a number of technical and economical benefits over synchronous generators. The following studies are presented: scalar speed control of the turbine-generator set applying an accurate and approximate model, the adverse effect of subharmonics generated by the PWM controlled voltage source converter and a novel self-excitation method developed specially for ultrahigh speed induction generators.

Keywords

Waste Energy Recovery System Ultrahigh Speed Drive Subharmonics Self Excitation

References

  • Ω*=0.8056pu, respectively. Near rated load torque the f1 synchronous frequency determined by the controller are f1=0.9997 pu=1499.5 Hz (Fig.5b) and f1=0.7998 pu=1199.7 Hz (Fig.6b). As it can be seen the trace of Ψobtained by test and simulation are similar. is Ω*=1.0058pu and Figure 5c and 6c show the trajectory of the stator flux of USIM denoted by Ψs when theR stator resistance is taken into consideration. The amplitude of the subharmonicstatorflux vector ˆ
  • Fig.9.Simulation results. f1 = 1500 Hz, D = 0.25, fs = 30 kHz, time function of iCR, iL2, iL1, iC and vC Conclusion Research results obtained during the development of a system that can be applied to utilize renewable and waste energies in Distributed
  • P. Stumpf, R. K. Jardan, I. Nagy, „Dynamics of Different Speed Controls of Ultra High Speed Induction Generators Using Approximate and Accurate Model“, In Proceedings of SPEEDAM 2010, Pisa, Italy, pp. 1024-1029
  • Z. Varga, R. K. Jardan, I. Nagy, “Investigation of Self- Excited Ultrahigh Speed Induction Generators for Distributed Generation Systems”, In Proceedings of ACEMP 2011, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 565-570
  • Z. Varga, R. K. Jardan, I. Nagy, “Ultrahigh Speed Induction Generators Applied in Disperse Power Plants”, In Proceedings of INTELEC 2011, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 1-7, ISSN: 2158-5210
  • M. G. Simoes, F. A. Farret, Renewable Energy Systems – design and analysis with induction generators, ISBN: 9- 4200-5532-0, December 2007
  • T. Lipo, G. Holmes, Pulse Width Modulation for Power Converters (Principles and Practice), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2003.
  • G. Iwanski and W. Koczara, “Power management in an autonomous adjustable speed large power diesel gensets,” in Proceedings of EPE-PEMC, Poznan, Poland, Sep. 1–3, , pp. 2164–2169. 458
  • J. Leuchter, P. Bauer, V. Hajek, and V. Rerucha, “Dynamic behaviormodeling and verification of advanced electrical-generator set concept,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 266–279, Jan. 2009. M.Mirošević,
  • Z. Maljković, D.Pavlinović, “The Dynamics of Diesel-Generator Unit in Isolated Electrical Network”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, IJRER Vol.1, No3, pp.126-133, 2011
  • A. Julian and G. Oriti, “Three-phase VSI with FPGA- based Multisampled Space Vector Modulation,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. –1820, August 2011.
  • D. Rus, N. Preda, I. Incze, M. Imecs, and C. Szabo and, “Comparative Analysis of PWM techniques: Simulation and DSP Implementation,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automation Quality and Testing Robotics (AQTR) 2010, pp. 1 –6., May 2010 Karthikeyan A., Nagamani
  • SreenivasuluA.,”Hybrid, open-loop excitation system for a wind turbine-driven stand-alone induction generator”, Renewable Energy Power Generation, IET, 10 March , pp. 184-193 C., Ilango C.S., Chauhan Y.K., Jain S.K., Singh B.,”A Prospective on Voltage Regulation of Self-Excited Induction Generators for Industry Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, Vol. 46, 15 January 2010, pp. 730
  • Kishore A., Prasad R.C., Karan B.M: “Design of Field Oriented Controller to Improve Dynamic Characteristics of Three Phase Self Excited Induction Generator”, In Proceedings of Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 24-26 May 2006, pp. 1-6
  • L. Robinson, D.G. Holmes, ”A Single Phase Self- Excited Induction Generator with Voltage and Frequency for use in a Remote Are Power Supply”, In Proceedings of AUPEC 2006, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-6
  • S. Halasz and V. Zakharov, “Novel voltage spectra investigation of space vector modulation technique,” in Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society IECON, November, 2003, pp. 2660
  • S. Halasz, “Voltage spectrum of pulse-width-modulated inverters,” PeriodicaPolytechnica Electrical Engineering, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 135–145, 1981.
  • M. J. Duran, T. Glasberger, D. Dujic, E. Levi, and Z. Peroutka, “A modified sector based space vector PWM technique for five-phase drives,” IEEJ Transactions on Electrical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 453–464, Jul. , iSSN 1931-4973. John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • V. Oleschuk, F. Profumo, and A. Tenconi, “Simplifying approach for analysis of space-vector PWM for three- phase and multiphase converters,” in Proceedings of 12th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE2007, Aalborg, Denmark, Sep.2–5, , pp. 1–10, CD Rom ISBN: 9789075815108
  • B. Robert, H. H. C. Iu, and M. Feki, “Widening the stability range of a PWM inverter using a robust chaos control,” in Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE2003),
  • Toulouse, France, Sep. 2–4, 2003, cD Rom ISBN:90- 07-7.
  • R. Ramchand, K.Sivakumar, A. Das, C. Patel, and K. Gopakumar, “Improved switching frequency variation control of hysteresis controlled voltage source inverter- fed IM drives using current error space vector,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 219–231, Mar. 2010.
  • E. Vidal-Idiarte, L. Martinez-Salamero, H. Valderrama- Blavi, F. Guinjoan, and J. Maixe, “Analysis and design of Hinf converters,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1316–1323, Oct. 2003. phase-switching
  • J. H. Chen, K. T. Chau, and Q. Jiang, “Analysis of chaotic behavior in switched reluctance motors using voltage PWM regulation,” Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 211–227, Mar. 2001.
  • Y. Zhou, P. Bauer, J. A. Ferreira, and J. Pierik, “Operation of grid connected DFIG under unbalanced grid voltage condition,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 240–246, Mar. 2009.
  • S. Ryvkin, “Cutting out the voltage oscillation influence on the control quality of a three-level inverter drive by using sliding mode,” in Proceedings of the 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, EPE-PEMC2010, Ohrid, Republic of
  • Macedonia, Sep. 6–8, 2010, pp. T3–6–T3–12, cD Rom ISBN: 978-1-4244-7854-5
  • Z. Ye, P. K. Jain, and P. C. Sen, “Phasor-domain modeling of resonant inverters for high-frequency AC power distribution systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 911–923, Apr. J. Dudrik and V. Rušˇcin, “Voltage fed zero-voltage zero-current switching PWM DC–DC converter,” in Proceedings of the 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, EPE-PEMC2008,
  • Poznan, Poland, Sep. 1–3, 2008, pp. 295–300, cD Rom ISBN: 978-1-4244-1742-1.
  • V. Moreno-Font, A El Aroudi, J. Calvente, R. Giral, L. Benadero, "Dynamics and Stability Issues of a Single- Inductor Dual-Switching DC-DC Converter" IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Papers, Vol 57, No. 2, February 2010, pp.415426
  • Kolokolov Y, Ustinov P, Essounbouli N, Hamaoui A, "Bifurcation-free design method of pulse energy converter controllers", Chaos Solitons and Fractals, Vo1.42, No.5, 2009, pp. 2635-2644
  • J.F. Baalbergen, P. Bauer, JA Ferreira, "Energy Storage and Power Management for Typical 4Q-load", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vo1.56, No.5, , pp.1485-1498
  • P.M. Lacko M. Olejar, 1 Dudrik, "DC-DC Push - Pull Converter with Tum-Off Snubber for Renewable Energy Sources", EDPE 2009, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 12-14 Oct, , CD Rom ISBN: 953-6037-56-8
  • D. Giaouris, S. BaneIjee, B. Zahawi, V. Pickert, "Stability Analysis of the Continuous-Conduction-Mode Buck Converter Via Filippov's Method" Circuits and Systems I. Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on (Circuits an Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, IEEE Transactions on, 2008, Vol 55, Issue , pp. 1084-1096
  • Komrska, T., Zak, J., Ovaska, S., Peroutka, Z.: Computationally efficient current reference generator for Hz and 16.7-Hz shunt active power filters. International Journal of Electronics. Vol. 97, No. 1, 2010, pp. 63 - 81. ISSN: 0020-7217. Taylor & Francis
  • WlodzimierzKoczara, Nazar -AIKhayat, "Variable Speed Integrated Generator VSIG as a Modem Controlled and Decoupled Generation System of Electrical Power", EPE 2005, Dresden, Germany, 11-14 September, 2005, CD Rom ISBN: 90-7581-08-05
  • P. N. Tekwani, R. S. Kanchan, K. Gopakumar, " Current-Error SpaceVector- Based Hysteresis PWM Controller for Three-Level Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives" IEE Proceedings on Electric Power Applications, September 2005., Vo1.152, No.5, pp. 1283-1295 Appendix
  • Rated parameter of USIM Symbol Name SI pu Pn ˆ V1 5 kW Peak value of phase voltage V pu ˆI Peak value of phase current 5 pu f1n ˆ 1 Hz pu Peak value of stator flux 8 mVsec 1 pu τn Rated torque 4805 Nm 1 pu τbm
  • Maximum torque in mot. mode 156 Nm sb slip at max torque 0275 sn rated slip 00642 21 Ω 1565 Ω 98 Ω 98 Ω 6 Ω Xm magnetizing reactance p number of pole pairs Tm electromechanical time constant 46 s

Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 200 - 211, 01.12.2011

Zoltán Varga Péter Stumpf Rafael K. Járdán İstvan Nagy

https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY

Abstract

References

  • Ω*=0.8056pu, respectively. Near rated load torque the f1 synchronous frequency determined by the controller are f1=0.9997 pu=1499.5 Hz (Fig.5b) and f1=0.7998 pu=1199.7 Hz (Fig.6b). As it can be seen the trace of Ψobtained by test and simulation are similar. is Ω*=1.0058pu and Figure 5c and 6c show the trajectory of the stator flux of USIM denoted by Ψs when theR stator resistance is taken into consideration. The amplitude of the subharmonicstatorflux vector ˆ
  • Fig.9.Simulation results. f1 = 1500 Hz, D = 0.25, fs = 30 kHz, time function of iCR, iL2, iL1, iC and vC Conclusion Research results obtained during the development of a system that can be applied to utilize renewable and waste energies in Distributed
  • P. Stumpf, R. K. Jardan, I. Nagy, „Dynamics of Different Speed Controls of Ultra High Speed Induction Generators Using Approximate and Accurate Model“, In Proceedings of SPEEDAM 2010, Pisa, Italy, pp. 1024-1029
  • Z. Varga, R. K. Jardan, I. Nagy, “Investigation of Self- Excited Ultrahigh Speed Induction Generators for Distributed Generation Systems”, In Proceedings of ACEMP 2011, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 565-570
  • Z. Varga, R. K. Jardan, I. Nagy, “Ultrahigh Speed Induction Generators Applied in Disperse Power Plants”, In Proceedings of INTELEC 2011, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 1-7, ISSN: 2158-5210
  • M. G. Simoes, F. A. Farret, Renewable Energy Systems – design and analysis with induction generators, ISBN: 9- 4200-5532-0, December 2007
  • T. Lipo, G. Holmes, Pulse Width Modulation for Power Converters (Principles and Practice), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2003.
  • G. Iwanski and W. Koczara, “Power management in an autonomous adjustable speed large power diesel gensets,” in Proceedings of EPE-PEMC, Poznan, Poland, Sep. 1–3, , pp. 2164–2169. 458
  • J. Leuchter, P. Bauer, V. Hajek, and V. Rerucha, “Dynamic behaviormodeling and verification of advanced electrical-generator set concept,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 266–279, Jan. 2009. M.Mirošević,
  • Z. Maljković, D.Pavlinović, “The Dynamics of Diesel-Generator Unit in Isolated Electrical Network”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, IJRER Vol.1, No3, pp.126-133, 2011
  • A. Julian and G. Oriti, “Three-phase VSI with FPGA- based Multisampled Space Vector Modulation,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. –1820, August 2011.
  • D. Rus, N. Preda, I. Incze, M. Imecs, and C. Szabo and, “Comparative Analysis of PWM techniques: Simulation and DSP Implementation,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automation Quality and Testing Robotics (AQTR) 2010, pp. 1 –6., May 2010 Karthikeyan A., Nagamani
  • SreenivasuluA.,”Hybrid, open-loop excitation system for a wind turbine-driven stand-alone induction generator”, Renewable Energy Power Generation, IET, 10 March , pp. 184-193 C., Ilango C.S., Chauhan Y.K., Jain S.K., Singh B.,”A Prospective on Voltage Regulation of Self-Excited Induction Generators for Industry Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, Vol. 46, 15 January 2010, pp. 730
  • Kishore A., Prasad R.C., Karan B.M: “Design of Field Oriented Controller to Improve Dynamic Characteristics of Three Phase Self Excited Induction Generator”, In Proceedings of Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 24-26 May 2006, pp. 1-6
  • L. Robinson, D.G. Holmes, ”A Single Phase Self- Excited Induction Generator with Voltage and Frequency for use in a Remote Are Power Supply”, In Proceedings of AUPEC 2006, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-6
  • S. Halasz and V. Zakharov, “Novel voltage spectra investigation of space vector modulation technique,” in Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society IECON, November, 2003, pp. 2660
  • S. Halasz, “Voltage spectrum of pulse-width-modulated inverters,” PeriodicaPolytechnica Electrical Engineering, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 135–145, 1981.
  • M. J. Duran, T. Glasberger, D. Dujic, E. Levi, and Z. Peroutka, “A modified sector based space vector PWM technique for five-phase drives,” IEEJ Transactions on Electrical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 453–464, Jul. , iSSN 1931-4973. John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • V. Oleschuk, F. Profumo, and A. Tenconi, “Simplifying approach for analysis of space-vector PWM for three- phase and multiphase converters,” in Proceedings of 12th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE2007, Aalborg, Denmark, Sep.2–5, , pp. 1–10, CD Rom ISBN: 9789075815108
  • B. Robert, H. H. C. Iu, and M. Feki, “Widening the stability range of a PWM inverter using a robust chaos control,” in Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE2003),
  • Toulouse, France, Sep. 2–4, 2003, cD Rom ISBN:90- 07-7.
  • R. Ramchand, K.Sivakumar, A. Das, C. Patel, and K. Gopakumar, “Improved switching frequency variation control of hysteresis controlled voltage source inverter- fed IM drives using current error space vector,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 219–231, Mar. 2010.
  • E. Vidal-Idiarte, L. Martinez-Salamero, H. Valderrama- Blavi, F. Guinjoan, and J. Maixe, “Analysis and design of Hinf converters,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1316–1323, Oct. 2003. phase-switching
  • J. H. Chen, K. T. Chau, and Q. Jiang, “Analysis of chaotic behavior in switched reluctance motors using voltage PWM regulation,” Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 211–227, Mar. 2001.
  • Y. Zhou, P. Bauer, J. A. Ferreira, and J. Pierik, “Operation of grid connected DFIG under unbalanced grid voltage condition,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 240–246, Mar. 2009.
  • S. Ryvkin, “Cutting out the voltage oscillation influence on the control quality of a three-level inverter drive by using sliding mode,” in Proceedings of the 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, EPE-PEMC2010, Ohrid, Republic of
  • Macedonia, Sep. 6–8, 2010, pp. T3–6–T3–12, cD Rom ISBN: 978-1-4244-7854-5
  • Z. Ye, P. K. Jain, and P. C. Sen, “Phasor-domain modeling of resonant inverters for high-frequency AC power distribution systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 911–923, Apr. J. Dudrik and V. Rušˇcin, “Voltage fed zero-voltage zero-current switching PWM DC–DC converter,” in Proceedings of the 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, EPE-PEMC2008,
  • Poznan, Poland, Sep. 1–3, 2008, pp. 295–300, cD Rom ISBN: 978-1-4244-1742-1.
  • V. Moreno-Font, A El Aroudi, J. Calvente, R. Giral, L. Benadero, "Dynamics and Stability Issues of a Single- Inductor Dual-Switching DC-DC Converter" IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Papers, Vol 57, No. 2, February 2010, pp.415426
  • Kolokolov Y, Ustinov P, Essounbouli N, Hamaoui A, "Bifurcation-free design method of pulse energy converter controllers", Chaos Solitons and Fractals, Vo1.42, No.5, 2009, pp. 2635-2644
  • J.F. Baalbergen, P. Bauer, JA Ferreira, "Energy Storage and Power Management for Typical 4Q-load", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vo1.56, No.5, , pp.1485-1498
  • P.M. Lacko M. Olejar, 1 Dudrik, "DC-DC Push - Pull Converter with Tum-Off Snubber for Renewable Energy Sources", EDPE 2009, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 12-14 Oct, , CD Rom ISBN: 953-6037-56-8
  • D. Giaouris, S. BaneIjee, B. Zahawi, V. Pickert, "Stability Analysis of the Continuous-Conduction-Mode Buck Converter Via Filippov's Method" Circuits and Systems I. Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on (Circuits an Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, IEEE Transactions on, 2008, Vol 55, Issue , pp. 1084-1096
  • Komrska, T., Zak, J., Ovaska, S., Peroutka, Z.: Computationally efficient current reference generator for Hz and 16.7-Hz shunt active power filters. International Journal of Electronics. Vol. 97, No. 1, 2010, pp. 63 - 81. ISSN: 0020-7217. Taylor & Francis
  • WlodzimierzKoczara, Nazar -AIKhayat, "Variable Speed Integrated Generator VSIG as a Modem Controlled and Decoupled Generation System of Electrical Power", EPE 2005, Dresden, Germany, 11-14 September, 2005, CD Rom ISBN: 90-7581-08-05
  • P. N. Tekwani, R. S. Kanchan, K. Gopakumar, " Current-Error SpaceVector- Based Hysteresis PWM Controller for Three-Level Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives" IEE Proceedings on Electric Power Applications, September 2005., Vo1.152, No.5, pp. 1283-1295 Appendix
  • Rated parameter of USIM Symbol Name SI pu Pn ˆ V1 5 kW Peak value of phase voltage V pu ˆI Peak value of phase current 5 pu f1n ˆ 1 Hz pu Peak value of stator flux 8 mVsec 1 pu τn Rated torque 4805 Nm 1 pu τbm
  • Maximum torque in mot. mode 156 Nm sb slip at max torque 0275 sn rated slip 00642 21 Ω 1565 Ω 98 Ω 98 Ω 6 Ω Xm magnetizing reactance p number of pole pairs Tm electromechanical time constant 46 s
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Authors

Zoltán Varga This is me

Péter Stumpf This is me

Rafael K. Járdán This is me

İstvan Nagy This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2011
IZ https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 1 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Varga, Z., Stumpf, P., Járdán, R. K., & Nagy, İ. (2011). Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, 1(4), 200-211. https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY
AMA 1.Varga Z, Stumpf P, Járdán RK, Nagy İ. Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2011;1(4):200-211. https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY
Chicago Varga, Zoltán, Péter Stumpf, Rafael K. Járdán, and İstvan Nagy. 2011. “Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 1 (4): 200-211. https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY.
EndNote Varga Z, Stumpf P, Járdán RK, Nagy İ (December 1, 2011) Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 1 4 200–211.
IEEE [1]Z. Varga, P. Stumpf, R. K. Járdán, and İ. Nagy, “Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery”, International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 200–211, Dec. 2011, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY
ISNAD Varga, Zoltán - Stumpf, Péter - Járdán, Rafael K. - Nagy, İstvan. “Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 1/4 (December 1, 2011): 200-211. https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY.
JAMA 1.Varga Z, Stumpf P, Járdán RK, Nagy İ. Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2011;1:200–211.
MLA Varga, Zoltán, et al. “Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 1, no. 4, Dec. 2011, pp. 200-11, https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY.
Vancouver 1.Varga Z, Stumpf P, Járdán RK, Nagy İ. Application of Ultrahigh Speed Induction Machine for Waste or Renewable Energy Recovery. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research [Internet]. 2011 Dec. 1;1(4):200-11. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA93EH58UY