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Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 912 - 923, 01.12.2014

Abstract

The spatial wind modeling is essential and helpful during early stage of any wind energy project’s site selection. The aim of this study was to establish a wind map that described the spatial wind distribution in Malaysia. The objectives of the study were to interpolate spatial wind distribution in Malaysia and followed by to extrapolate the spatial wind distribution to its altitudes. Twelve selected Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD) stations’ wind data were collected; from these, 9 were used for the spatial modeling and another 3 were used for the validation. Spatial wind data were interpolated by Ordinary Kriging. Then, the spatial wind modeling extrapolated the spatial wind data to its altitude which was 10 m height from the elevation by power law approach. Kriging interpolation showed that in Johor or southern parts of Peninsular Malaysia where prevailing wind was higher than other areas along the year. After extrapolation, the wind map showed the wind speed with its longitude, latitude, and altitude coordination. Addition, Kriging interpolation had been improved to present the spatial wind distribution in Malaysia by spatial modeling, extrapolation. Lastly, the accuracy of the Kriging interpolation and wind map were ±1.1143 and ±1.4949 m/s respectively.

References

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  • A. M. Muzathik, M. Z. Ibrahim, W. B. Wan Nik, and K. B. Samo, “Wind resource investigation of Terengganu in the west Malaysia”, Wind Engineering, 33(4), 389 – 402, 2009.
  • W. Promsen, I. Masiri, and S. Janjai, “Development of microscale wind maps for Phaluay Island, Thailand”, Procedia Engineering, 32, 369 – 375, 2012.
  • TelosNet, “Part 1 - Early History Through 1875”, Retrieved http://telosnet.com/wind/early.html, 2001. 1, 2013, from
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  • J. Hossain, V. Sinha, and V. Kishore, “A GIS based assessment of potential for windfarms in India”, Renewable Energy, 36(12), 3257 – 3267, 2011.
  • H. Leong, “Sustainable energy agency Seda mulls wind as renewable resource”, Retrieved November 29, 2013, from News/2013/10/28/Seda-gets-wind-of-it-Sustainable- energy-agency-mulls-over-wind-as-renewable- resource.aspx, 2013.
  • K. Sopian, M. Othman, and A. Wirsat, “The wind energy potential of Malaysia”, Renewable Energ, 6(8), 1005 1016, 1995.
  • K. Sopian, M. Othman, B. Yatim, and W. Daud, “Future directions in Malaysian environment friendly renewable energy technologies research and development”, ISESCO Science and Technology Vision, 1, 30 – 36, 2005.
  • D. Elliott, M. Schwartz, R. George, S. Haymes, D. Heimiller, and G. Scott, Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the Philippines, United States: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2001.
  • E. Sreevalsan, S. Shankar Das, R, S. Kumar, G. Arivukkodi, and J. Badge,. India Wind Atlas, Chennai: Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET), 2010.
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  • P. A. Burrough, and R. A. McDonnell, Principles of geographical information systems, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
  • N. Masseran, A. Razali, K. Ibrahim, and M. Latif, “Fitting a mixture of von Mises distributions in order to model data on wind direction in Peninsular Malaysia”, Energy Conversion and Management, 72, 94–102, 2013.
  • F. K. Lutgens, and E. J. Tarbuck, The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, Tenth ed., USA: Prentice Hall, 2007.
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  • Malaysian Meteorological Department, “General climate of Malaysia”, Retrieved April 9, 2010, from http://www.met.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content &task=view&id=75&Itemid=1089, 2009.
  • P. Gipe, Wind power, London: James & James, 2004.
  • M. Kubik, P. Coker, and C. Hunt, Using meteorological wind data to estimate turbine generation output: a sensitivity analysis, Sweden: Wind Energy Applications, 2011.
  • E. Brusilovskiy, “Spatial Interpolation: A Brief Introduction”, Retrieved October 20, 2013, from http://www.bisolutions.us/A-Brief-Introduction-to- Spatial-Interpolation.php, 2013.
  • K.-T. Chang, Introduction to geographic information systems, 2nd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.
  • A. Venkatram, “On the use of Kriging in the spatial analysis of acid precipitation data”, Atmospheric Environment, 22(9), 1963 – 1975, 1988.
  • C. Childs, Interpolating Surfaces in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst, ArcUser, 2004, 32 – 35.
  • ESRI, “Using kriging”, Retrieved November 10, 2013, from http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.2/body.cfm?toc Visable=1&ID=4749&TopicName=Using%20Kriging, 2007.
  • I. Clark, “What is kriging”, Retrieved October 30, 2013, from http://www.kriging.com/whatiskriging.html, 2013.
  • S. Ahmed, Wind Energy Theory and Practice, New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited, 2010.
  • J. Hossian, “Wind energy resources”, In V. Kishore (Ed.), Renewable energy engineering and technology: Principles and practice, UK: Teri Press, 2009, pp. 435- 486.
  • J. F. Manwell, J. G. McGowan, and A. L. Rogers, Wind energy explained: theory, design and application, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
  • Y. Li, and L. Yang, “Based on Delaunay Triangulation DEM of Terrain Model”, Computer and Infromation Science, 2(2), 137 – 140, 2009.
  • W. R. Tobler, “A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region”, Economic Geography, 46(2), 234-240, 1970.AEROmetrex, “Digital Elevation, Digital Terrain or Digital Surface Model?”, Retrieved March http://aerometrex.com.au/blog/?p=89, 2011. 2014, from
Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 912 - 923, 01.12.2014

Abstract

References

  • J. Clark, “IT now 10 percent of world’s electricity consumption, report finds”, Retrieved August 28, 2013, from http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/16/it_electricity_u se_worse_than_you_thought/, 2013.
  • The World Bank, “Eletric Power Consumption (kWh)”, Retrieved http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH, 2013. 13, 2013, from
  • T. G. Bellarmine, and J. Urquhart, “Wind energy for the 1990s and beyond”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol 37, 1741 – 1752, 1996.
  • H. C. Ong, T. M. Mahlia, and H. H. Masjuki, “A review on energy scenario sustainable energy in Malaysia”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1), 639 – 647, 2011.
  • Ecotricity, “The End Of Fossil Fuels”, Retrieved September http://www.ecotricity.co.uk/our-green-energy/energy- independence/the-end-of-fossil-fuels, 2011. from
  • A. Mohamed, and K. Lee, “Energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: Energy policy and alternative energy”, Energy Policy, 34, 2388–2397, 2006.
  • A. Jamaludin, “Energy mix and alternatives energy for sustainable development in Malaysia”, Tokyo, Japan: 9th International Students Summit on Food, Agriculture and Environment in the New Century, 2009.
  • KeTTHA, “Bakun HydroElectric Project Seminar”, Retrieved
  • http://www.kettha.gov.my/en/content/bakun
  • hydroelectric-project-seminar, 1996. 2013, from
  • B. Sİrensen,. “A history of renewable energy
  • technology”, Energy Policy, 19(1), 8 - 12, 1991.
  • KeTTHA, “The Future Of Energy In Malaysia”, Retrieved http://www3.kettha.gov.my/content/future-energy- malaysia, 2012. 29, 2013, from
  • S. Mathew, Wind energy fundamentals, resource analysis and economics, Netherlands: Springer, 2006.
  • A. M. Muzathik, M. Z. Ibrahim, W. B. Wan Nik, and K. B. Samo, “Wind resource investigation of Terengganu in the west Malaysia”, Wind Engineering, 33(4), 389 – 402, 2009.
  • W. Promsen, I. Masiri, and S. Janjai, “Development of microscale wind maps for Phaluay Island, Thailand”, Procedia Engineering, 32, 369 – 375, 2012.
  • TelosNet, “Part 1 - Early History Through 1875”, Retrieved http://telosnet.com/wind/early.html, 2001. 1, 2013, from
  • N. Noble, “Wind Electricity Generation”, Retrieved October 1, 2013, from http://practicalaction.org/wind- for-electricity-generation, 2002.
  • J. Hossain, V. Sinha, and V. Kishore, “A GIS based assessment of potential for windfarms in India”, Renewable Energy, 36(12), 3257 – 3267, 2011.
  • H. Leong, “Sustainable energy agency Seda mulls wind as renewable resource”, Retrieved November 29, 2013, from News/2013/10/28/Seda-gets-wind-of-it-Sustainable- energy-agency-mulls-over-wind-as-renewable- resource.aspx, 2013.
  • K. Sopian, M. Othman, and A. Wirsat, “The wind energy potential of Malaysia”, Renewable Energ, 6(8), 1005 1016, 1995.
  • K. Sopian, M. Othman, B. Yatim, and W. Daud, “Future directions in Malaysian environment friendly renewable energy technologies research and development”, ISESCO Science and Technology Vision, 1, 30 – 36, 2005.
  • D. Elliott, M. Schwartz, R. George, S. Haymes, D. Heimiller, and G. Scott, Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the Philippines, United States: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2001.
  • E. Sreevalsan, S. Shankar Das, R, S. Kumar, G. Arivukkodi, and J. Badge,. India Wind Atlas, Chennai: Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET), 2010.
  • J. Li, and A. D. Heap, A Review of Spatial Interpolation Methods for Environmental Scientists, Australia: Geoscience Australia, 2008.
  • P. A. Burrough, and R. A. McDonnell, Principles of geographical information systems, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
  • N. Masseran, A. Razali, K. Ibrahim, and M. Latif, “Fitting a mixture of von Mises distributions in order to model data on wind direction in Peninsular Malaysia”, Energy Conversion and Management, 72, 94–102, 2013.
  • F. K. Lutgens, and E. J. Tarbuck, The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, Tenth ed., USA: Prentice Hall, 2007.
  • Weather Phenomena, “Monsoon”, Retrieved January 2, 2010, from http://www.kjc.gov.my/english/education /weather/monsoon01.html, 2009.
  • Malaysian Meteorological Department, “General climate of Malaysia”, Retrieved April 9, 2010, from http://www.met.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content &task=view&id=75&Itemid=1089, 2009.
  • P. Gipe, Wind power, London: James & James, 2004.
  • M. Kubik, P. Coker, and C. Hunt, Using meteorological wind data to estimate turbine generation output: a sensitivity analysis, Sweden: Wind Energy Applications, 2011.
  • E. Brusilovskiy, “Spatial Interpolation: A Brief Introduction”, Retrieved October 20, 2013, from http://www.bisolutions.us/A-Brief-Introduction-to- Spatial-Interpolation.php, 2013.
  • K.-T. Chang, Introduction to geographic information systems, 2nd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.
  • A. Venkatram, “On the use of Kriging in the spatial analysis of acid precipitation data”, Atmospheric Environment, 22(9), 1963 – 1975, 1988.
  • C. Childs, Interpolating Surfaces in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst, ArcUser, 2004, 32 – 35.
  • ESRI, “Using kriging”, Retrieved November 10, 2013, from http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.2/body.cfm?toc Visable=1&ID=4749&TopicName=Using%20Kriging, 2007.
  • I. Clark, “What is kriging”, Retrieved October 30, 2013, from http://www.kriging.com/whatiskriging.html, 2013.
  • S. Ahmed, Wind Energy Theory and Practice, New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited, 2010.
  • J. Hossian, “Wind energy resources”, In V. Kishore (Ed.), Renewable energy engineering and technology: Principles and practice, UK: Teri Press, 2009, pp. 435- 486.
  • J. F. Manwell, J. G. McGowan, and A. L. Rogers, Wind energy explained: theory, design and application, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
  • Y. Li, and L. Yang, “Based on Delaunay Triangulation DEM of Terrain Model”, Computer and Infromation Science, 2(2), 137 – 140, 2009.
  • W. R. Tobler, “A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region”, Economic Geography, 46(2), 234-240, 1970.AEROmetrex, “Digital Elevation, Digital Terrain or Digital Surface Model?”, Retrieved March http://aerometrex.com.au/blog/?p=89, 2011. 2014, from
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mohd Zamri Ibrahim This is me

Yong Kim Hwang This is me

Marzuki Ismail This is me

Aliashim Albani This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 4 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ibrahim, M. Z., Hwang, Y. K., Ismail, M., Albani, A. (2014). Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, 4(4), 912-923.
AMA Ibrahim MZ, Hwang YK, Ismail M, Albani A. Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. December 2014;4(4):912-923.
Chicago Ibrahim, Mohd Zamri, Yong Kim Hwang, Marzuki Ismail, and Aliashim Albani. “Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 4, no. 4 (December 2014): 912-23.
EndNote Ibrahim MZ, Hwang YK, Ismail M, Albani A (December 1, 2014) Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 4 4 912–923.
IEEE M. Z. Ibrahim, Y. K. Hwang, M. Ismail, and A. Albani, “Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia”, International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 912–923, 2014.
ISNAD Ibrahim, Mohd Zamri et al. “Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 4/4 (December 2014), 912-923.
JAMA Ibrahim MZ, Hwang YK, Ismail M, Albani A. Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2014;4:912–923.
MLA Ibrahim, Mohd Zamri et al. “Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 4, no. 4, 2014, pp. 912-23.
Vancouver Ibrahim MZ, Hwang YK, Ismail M, Albani A. Wind Speed Modeling for Malaysia. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2014;4(4):912-23.