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Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground as a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 854 - 860, 01.12.2013

Abstract

In this study, the utilization of waste coffee ground for biodiesel production was investigated. Waste coffee ground sample was collected from TOMOCA PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The oven dried sample was then soxhlet extracted using n-hexane to yield 19.73 %w/w oil. The biodiesel was obtained by a two-step process, i.e. acid catalyzed esterification followed by base catalyzed transesterification using catalysts sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively. The conversion of waste coffee ground oil in to biodiesel, was about 73.4%w/w. Various parameters that are essential for biodiesel quality were evaluated using the American Standard for Testing Material (ASTM D 6751- 09) and all comply with the specification except acid value. The fatty acid composition of the biodiesel was analyzed by Gas chromatography and the major fatty acids were found to be linoleic acid (39.8%), palmitic acid (37.6%), oleic (12.7%), and stearic acid (7.6%). In addition, preliminary investigation on the solid waste remaining after oil extraction was conducted for possible use as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol. Hydrolysis of the spent of waste coffee ground was carried out using dilute sulfuric acid followed by fermentation using Saccharomyces cereviciae, and resulted in bioethanol yield of 8.3 %v/v. Furthermore, the solid waste remaining after bioethanol production was evaluated for compost (21.9:1 C/N) and solid fuel (20.8 MJ/Kg) applications. The results of this research work give insights on the production of biofuel from waste groud coffee. In addition, the preliminary analysis on the solid waste after the extraction of the oil suggests that it can be used as fuel hence alleviating major disposal problems.

References

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  • S. Lebedevas, A. Vaicekauskas, G. Lebedeva, V. Makareviciene, P. Janulis and K. Kazancev, “ Use of waste fats of animal and vegetable origin for the production of biodiesel Fuel: quality, motor properties, and emissions of harmful components,” Energy Fuels, , 20, 2274-2280.
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  • P. Campo, Y. Zhao, M. T. Suidan, A. D. Venosa and G. A. Sorial, Chemosphere, 2007, 68, 2054-2062.
  • K. Yanagimoto, H. Ochi, K.G. Lee and T. Shibamoto, “Antioxidative Activities of Fractions Obtained from Brewed Coffee,” J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 592
  • A. S. Franca, L. S. Oliveira and M. E. Ferreira, “Kinetics and equilibrium studies of methylene blue adsorption by spent coffee grounds” Desalination, 2009, , 267- 272.
  • G. Santori, G. D. Nicola, M. Moglie and F. Polonara, “A review analyzing the industrial biodiesel production practice starting from vegetable oil refining,” Applied Energy, 2012, 92, 109-132. A. Deligiannis, A.
  • Anastopoulos and F. Zannikos, “Waste coffee grounds as an energy feedstock” Proceedings of the 3rd International CEMEPE & SECOTOX Conference Skiathos, ISBN 978-960-6865-43-5, June 19-24, 2011.
  • K. Ayele, R. Mesfin and A. Araya, “Bioethanol production and optimization test from agricultural waste, the case of wet coffee processing waste (pulp),” international journal of renewable energy research, vol.2, No.3, 2012.
  • N. S. Caetano, V. F. M. Silva and T. M. Mata, “Valorization of Coffee Grounds for Biodiesel Production,” the Italian Association of Chemical Engineering, 2012, VOL. 26.
  • J. B. Rossel, “Classical analysis of oils and fats; In: Hamilton RJ, Rossel JB (Eds): Analysis of oils and fats,” Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, 1987, pp. 1-90.
  • G. Knothe, “Some aspects of biodiesel oxidative stability,” Fuel Process Technology, 2007, 88:669-77.
  • F. Carvalheiro, L. C. Duarte and F. M. Gírio, “Hemicellulose biorefineries, a review on biomass pretreatments,” J Sci Ind Res. 2008, 67:849-864.
  • S. I. Mussatto and J. A. Teixeira, “Lignocellulose as raw material in fermentation processes” In: Méndez- VilasA(ed) Current research, technology and education topics biotechnology, vol 2. Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, Spain, 2010, pp. 897-907 and microbial
  • Y. Nutawan, P. Phattayawadee, T. Pattranit and N. Mohammad, “Bioethanol Production from Rice Straw,” Energy Research J. 2010, 1: 26-31
  • N.S. Caetano and T.M. Mata, “Residual Biomass utilization for biofuel production,” Jornadas Tecnicas Internacionais De Resdues, nsc@isep.ipp.pt. 2011.
  • A. Dhabekar and A. Chandak, “Utilization of banana peels and beet waste foralcohol production,” Asiatic Journal of Biotechnology Resources Asiatic J. Biotech. Res. 2010, 01: 8 13.
  • B. Quevedo-Hidalgo, F. Monsalve-Marín, P. C. Narváez-Rincón, A. M. Pedroza-Rodríguez and M. E. Velásquez-Lozano, Saccharomyces hydrolysate from Chrysanthemum waste degradation,” World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2013, 459-466. by cerevisiae using lignocellulosic
  • S. Periyasamy, S. Venkatachalam, S. Ramasamy and V. Srinivasan, “Production of Bio-ethanol from Sugar Molasses Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae,” modern applied science, vol.3, No.8, 2009.
  • B. Shuvashish, R. C. MohantyI and R. C. Ray, “Ethanol fermentation of sugarcane molasses by Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 immobilized in Luffa cylindrica L. sponge discs and Ca-alginate matrices,” Braz. J. Microbiol. vol. 43, No.4 São Paulo Oct. /Dec. W. Hoi, “Potential of biomass utilization for energy in asia pacific experience of philippine situation,” Forest Research Institute. Kepong, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2008).Starbucks Protects Environment by Offering
  • Grounds for Your Garden: Resource Conservation Challenge (RCC); Eighteen DEC. Six Mar 2008 star.htm>. coffee production," ed, 2006. "Worldmapper
Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 854 - 860, 01.12.2013

Abstract

References

  • N. Kondamudi, S. K. Mohapatra and M. Misra, “Spent coffee grounds as a versatile source of green energy,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2008, 56; 11760.
  • S. Lebedevas, A. Vaicekauskas, G. Lebedeva, V. Makareviciene, P. Janulis and K. Kazancev, “ Use of waste fats of animal and vegetable origin for the production of biodiesel Fuel: quality, motor properties, and emissions of harmful components,” Energy Fuels, , 20, 2274-2280.
  • B.A. Nebel and M. Mittelbach, “Biodiesel from extracted fat out of meat and bone meal,” Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2006, 108, 398-403.
  • Bureau of African Affairs, Background Note: Ethiopia. U.S. Department of state, 2012.
  • A. Tefera, Ethiopia Coffee Annual Report, global agricultural information network, 2012.
  • African Commodity Report, Delmas COM-WATCH- issue 9, 2012.
  • T. Tokimoto, N. Kawasaki, T. Nakamura, J. Akutagawa, and S. Tanada, “Removal of lead ions in drinking water by coffee grounds as vegetable biomass,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2005, 281, 56-61.
  • P. Campo, Y. Zhao, M. T. Suidan, A. D. Venosa and G. A. Sorial, Chemosphere, 2007, 68, 2054-2062.
  • K. Yanagimoto, H. Ochi, K.G. Lee and T. Shibamoto, “Antioxidative Activities of Fractions Obtained from Brewed Coffee,” J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 592
  • A. S. Franca, L. S. Oliveira and M. E. Ferreira, “Kinetics and equilibrium studies of methylene blue adsorption by spent coffee grounds” Desalination, 2009, , 267- 272.
  • G. Santori, G. D. Nicola, M. Moglie and F. Polonara, “A review analyzing the industrial biodiesel production practice starting from vegetable oil refining,” Applied Energy, 2012, 92, 109-132. A. Deligiannis, A.
  • Anastopoulos and F. Zannikos, “Waste coffee grounds as an energy feedstock” Proceedings of the 3rd International CEMEPE & SECOTOX Conference Skiathos, ISBN 978-960-6865-43-5, June 19-24, 2011.
  • K. Ayele, R. Mesfin and A. Araya, “Bioethanol production and optimization test from agricultural waste, the case of wet coffee processing waste (pulp),” international journal of renewable energy research, vol.2, No.3, 2012.
  • N. S. Caetano, V. F. M. Silva and T. M. Mata, “Valorization of Coffee Grounds for Biodiesel Production,” the Italian Association of Chemical Engineering, 2012, VOL. 26.
  • J. B. Rossel, “Classical analysis of oils and fats; In: Hamilton RJ, Rossel JB (Eds): Analysis of oils and fats,” Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, 1987, pp. 1-90.
  • G. Knothe, “Some aspects of biodiesel oxidative stability,” Fuel Process Technology, 2007, 88:669-77.
  • F. Carvalheiro, L. C. Duarte and F. M. Gírio, “Hemicellulose biorefineries, a review on biomass pretreatments,” J Sci Ind Res. 2008, 67:849-864.
  • S. I. Mussatto and J. A. Teixeira, “Lignocellulose as raw material in fermentation processes” In: Méndez- VilasA(ed) Current research, technology and education topics biotechnology, vol 2. Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, Spain, 2010, pp. 897-907 and microbial
  • Y. Nutawan, P. Phattayawadee, T. Pattranit and N. Mohammad, “Bioethanol Production from Rice Straw,” Energy Research J. 2010, 1: 26-31
  • N.S. Caetano and T.M. Mata, “Residual Biomass utilization for biofuel production,” Jornadas Tecnicas Internacionais De Resdues, nsc@isep.ipp.pt. 2011.
  • A. Dhabekar and A. Chandak, “Utilization of banana peels and beet waste foralcohol production,” Asiatic Journal of Biotechnology Resources Asiatic J. Biotech. Res. 2010, 01: 8 13.
  • B. Quevedo-Hidalgo, F. Monsalve-Marín, P. C. Narváez-Rincón, A. M. Pedroza-Rodríguez and M. E. Velásquez-Lozano, Saccharomyces hydrolysate from Chrysanthemum waste degradation,” World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2013, 459-466. by cerevisiae using lignocellulosic
  • S. Periyasamy, S. Venkatachalam, S. Ramasamy and V. Srinivasan, “Production of Bio-ethanol from Sugar Molasses Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae,” modern applied science, vol.3, No.8, 2009.
  • B. Shuvashish, R. C. MohantyI and R. C. Ray, “Ethanol fermentation of sugarcane molasses by Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 immobilized in Luffa cylindrica L. sponge discs and Ca-alginate matrices,” Braz. J. Microbiol. vol. 43, No.4 São Paulo Oct. /Dec. W. Hoi, “Potential of biomass utilization for energy in asia pacific experience of philippine situation,” Forest Research Institute. Kepong, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2008).Starbucks Protects Environment by Offering
  • Grounds for Your Garden: Resource Conservation Challenge (RCC); Eighteen DEC. Six Mar 2008 star.htm>. coffee production," ed, 2006. "Worldmapper
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mebrahtu Haile Berhe This is me

Araya Asfaw This is me

Nigist Asfaw This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 3 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Berhe, M. H., Asfaw, A., & Asfaw, N. (2013). Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground as a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, 3(4), 854-860.
AMA Berhe MH, Asfaw A, Asfaw N. Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground as a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. December 2013;3(4):854-860.
Chicago Berhe, Mebrahtu Haile, Araya Asfaw, and Nigist Asfaw. “Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground As a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 3, no. 4 (December 2013): 854-60.
EndNote Berhe MH, Asfaw A, Asfaw N (December 1, 2013) Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground as a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 3 4 854–860.
IEEE M. H. Berhe, A. Asfaw, and N. Asfaw, “Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground as a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production”, International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 854–860, 2013.
ISNAD Berhe, Mebrahtu Haile et al. “Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground As a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 3/4 (December 2013), 854-860.
JAMA Berhe MH, Asfaw A, Asfaw N. Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground as a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2013;3:854–860.
MLA Berhe, Mebrahtu Haile et al. “Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground As a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 3, no. 4, 2013, pp. 854-60.
Vancouver Berhe MH, Asfaw A, Asfaw N. Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground as a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2013;3(4):854-60.