KÜRT GÖÇÜNDEN DİASPORAYA: ROTALAR, AKTÖRLER VE ULUSAŞIRILIK

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 115 - 136, 30.09.2020

Burcu Sağlam Sarıkaya

Abstract

Dünyada ulus-devlet kurmamış en kalabalık halk olarak Kürtler öne çıkmaktadır. Nüfusun çoğunluğu İran, Irak, Suriye ve Türkiye sınırları içerisinde kalan Kürdistan bölgesinde yaşayan Kürtler, 20. yüzyıl boyunca ekonomik ve siyasi sebepler, savaş, eğitim gibi nedenlerle bulundukları ülkelerdeki başka şehirlere, Kürdistan’ın farklı bölgelerine yahut Batı Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika, Avustralya gibi ekonomik açıdan gelişmiş coğrafyalara göç etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Kürt göçlerinin oluşumu ve etkileri tarihsel veriler üzerinden incelenirken döküman analizi ve vaka analizi metodu kullanılacaktır. Kürtlerin 1970 sonrası dönemde yaptıkları göçler ulus-devletleşme ve küreselleşmenin etkisi göz önüne alınarak, ulusaşırılık, kimlik ve diaspora gibi kavramlar ışığında incelenecektir. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda ise göçlerin Kürt halkı için bir entegrasyon sağladığı ve siyasi hareketlere zemin oluşturduğu, anavatanın siyasi merkeziliğini kısmen kaybettiği ve güçlü bir diasporanın oluşmasının kültürel, sosyal ve siyasi neticelerinin anavatanlarındaki Kürtlerin üzerinde de etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, küreselleşmeyle beraber göçmenlerin kimliklerinin mesken ülkelerde asimile olacağı yönündeki görüşlerin aksine durumun tek boyutlu olmadığı ve göçlerin kültürel canlanma sağlayacak ortamlar sunabildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Kürtler, Ulusaşırılık, Kürt Diasporası, Zorunlu göçler, Küreselleşme

FROM KURDISH MIGRATION TO DIASPORA: ROUTES, ACTORS AND TRANSNATIONALISM

Abstract

Kurds stand out as the most populous nation in the world that has not established a nation-state. The majority of the Kurdish population is living in the Kurdistan region within the borders of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. Throughout the 20th century, Kurds migrated to the cities in their countries or the Kurdistan region, to the economically developed regions such as Western Europe, North America, and Australia for economic and political reasons, war, and education. In this article, the formation and effects of migrations of the Kurdish people will be examined through historical data. In this case study, document analysis is conveyed as a data collection method. The migration of the Kurds in the last forty years will be examined in the light of concepts such as transnationalism, identity, and diaspora, taking into account the impact of nation-state and globalization. As a result of this research, it has been observed that migration provided integration for the Kurdish people and formed a basis for political movements. Consequently, the political centrality of the homeland is partially lost, and the formation of an influential diaspora had an impact on the Kurds in Kurdistan. Moreover, contrary to the opinions that the identity of immigrants will be assimilated in residential countries with globalization, it is concluded that the situation is not one-dimensional and that migrants can provide environments that will provide cultural revival.

Keywords

Kurds, Transnationalism, Kurdish diaspora, Forced migration

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