Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 107 - 136, 31.12.2020

Abstract

References

  • Agarwal, B. (1997). Environmental action, gender equity and women’s participation. Development and Change 28 (1) pp. 1–44.
  • Agbogidi, O.M. (2010) Ethno-botanical survey of the non-timber forest products in Sapele Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science 4(6) pp. 183-189
  • Ateş, H. (1963) Ticaret Yönünden Salyangoz. (Istanbul: Istanbul Ticaret Odasi Yayinlari)
  • Baki, B. (2010) Ulkemiz kara salyangozlarından Helix lucorum ( L.1758) biyolojisi, ekonomisi, avcılık ve ihracata yönelik yasal mevzuatı. U.U Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 24 (1) pp. 109-114.
  • Barany, Z. (2002) The East European Gypsies: regime change, marginality and ethnopolitics. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press)
  • Birkenholtz, T. (2014) Network political ecology method and theory in climate change vulnerability and adaptation research Progress in Human Geography 36(3) pp. 295-315
  • Bock, B. (2006) Introduction: Rural gender studies in North and South. Pp.1-15. In B. Bock and S. Shortall Eds. Rural Gender Relations: Issues and Case Studies. (Oxfordshire and Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing)
  • Carolan, M.S. (2008) More-than-representational knowledge/s of the countryside: how we think as bodies. Sociologia Ruralis 48 pp. 408–22.
  • Carr, E. R., and M. C. Thompson. (2014). Gender and climate change adaptation in agrarian settings: Current thinking, new directions, and research frontiers. Geography Compass 8 (3) pp. 182-197.
  • Conte, Raffaela. 2015. Heliciculture: purpose and economic perspectives in the European community. The Official Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology. (ISSN 2040-1968).
  • Çubukçu, S. U. (2011). Mekanın İzdüşümünde Toplumsal Cinsiyet: Sulukule mahallesi ve romanlar (Gender in the Placemaking: Gypsies in Sulukule Neighborhood) İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi 44.
  • Dalfes, N., M. Karaca, O. L. Sen (2007). Türkiye için Iklim değişikliği senaryoları: Ön Çalışmalar (Scenarios for climate change in Turkey: Preliminary Studies) pp.11-17. In C. Guven. Ed. UNDP Iklim Değişikliği ve Türkiye: Etkiler, Sektörel Analizler, Sosyo-ekonomik Boyutlar (Climate change and Turkey: Impacts, sectoral analysis and socio-econonomic dimensions) Retrieved 10 December 2017. https://www.tobb.org.tr/Documents/yayinlar/iklim_degisikligiveturkiye.pdf
  • Dasgupta, P., J.F. M., D. Dodman, B. Karapinar, F. Meza, M.G. Rivera-Ferre, A. Toure Sarr, and K.E. Vincent (2014) Rural areas. Pp.613-657. In C.B. Field, V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White. Eds. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (UK: Cambridge University Press)
  • Demircan, M., H.Gürkan, O.Eskioğlu, H. Arabacı, and M. Coşkun (2017) Türkiye için İklim Değişikliği Projeksiyonları: Üç Model ve İki Senaryo (Climate change projections for Turkey: Three models and two scenarios)Türkiye Su Bilimleri ve Yönetimi Dergisi 1(1) pp. 22-43.
  • Doss, C., R. Meinzen-Dick, A. Quisumbing, S. Theis (2017). Women in agriculture: Four myths. Global Food Security. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.gfs.2017.10.001
  • Elmhirst, R. and B. P. Resurreccion (2008). Gender, environment and natural resource management: New dimenioons, new debates. Pp.3-21. In B. P. Resurrecion and R. Elmhirst Eds. Gender and Natural Resource Management: Livelihoods, mobility and interventions (London and Sterling, VA: Earthscan)
  • Erdogan Aras, F. (2009) Etnik (Cingene) işgücünün enformel işgücü piyasasına katılım biçimleri ve bu süreçte etkili olan faktörler: Istanbul (Cankurtaran) ve Edirne (Menzilahır) örnekleri. (Ethnic gypsy labour participation in informal labour sector and factors that affect these processes: Istanbul Cankurtaran and Edirne Menzilahir cases) Gazi Universitesi Iktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi 11(1) pp. 75-100.
  • Eroğlu, D., I. Oğuz and A. Babahan. (2014). Are gypsies without education or is education without gypsies? Gypsy Women and Education. pp. 315-328. In H. Arslan, G. Rata, E. Kocayoruk and M. A. Icbay. Eds. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Education (UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing)
  • Eroğlu, D., (2017). From Rice to Wheat: Irrevocable Effect of Drought on Rural Gender Roles in Upper Mesopotamia Sociology and Anthropology 5(2) pp.124-129
  • Eroğlu, D, M. Kuklen, and E. Atalay. (2018) Analysis of effects of environmental factors on rural rice producers in the context of gender: Celtikdere case study in Turkey Journal of Sociological Research 9(1) pp.142-156
  • Esplen, E. (2007). Gender and Sexuality: Supporting Resources Collection. (Brighton: Institute of Development Studies)
  • European Roma Rights Center (2012). Country Profile: Turkey 2011-2012. Retrieved 10 December 2017. http://www.errc.org/cms/upload/file/turkey-country-profile-2011-2012.pdf
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (2013) Edible Insects: Future prospects for food and feed security. FAO Forestry Paper 171. By Arnold van Huis Joost Van Itterbeeck Harmke Klunder Esther Mertens Afton Halloran Giulia Muir and Paul Vantomme. Retrieved July 10, 2016. (http://www.fao.org/ docrep/018/i3253e/i3253e.pdf)
  • FRA (2014) Roma in survey-Data in focus: The situation of Roma in 11 EU Member States (European Agency for Fundamental Human Rights) Retrieved 10 December 2017. fra-2014_roma-survey_education_tk0113748enc.pdf
  • Gao, X. and F. Giorgi (2008) Increased aridity in the Mediterranean region under greenhouse gas forcing estimated from high resolution simulations with a regional climate model. Global Planet Change 62 pp.195-209.
  • Goodfriend, G. A., and R. M. Mitterer (1988). Late quaternary land snails from the north coast of Jamaica: local extinctions and climatic change. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 63(4) pp. 293-311
  • Göncüoğlu, S. F. (2009). Sulukule ve çingeneleri /Sulukule Gypsies Term and the sociological reasons of their immigration. Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü Dergisi 23
  • Harris. L. (2008) Water Rich, Resource Poor: Intersections of Gender, Poverty, and Vulnerability in Newly Irrigated Areas of Southeastern Turkey. World Development 36 (12) pp. 2643- 2662
  • Huynh, P.T. and Resurreccion, B.P. (2014) Women's differentiated vulnerability and adaptations to climate-related agricultural water scarcity in rural Central Vietnam. Climate and Development, 6(3) pp.226-237
  • Ilik, B. (2016) Türkiye’de roman yurttaşların sorunları ve çözüme ilişkin çalışmalar: Romanların yoğun olarak yaşadığı alanlarda sosyal içermenin desteklenmesi operasyonu için teknik destek projesi (The problems of Turkey’s gypsy citizens and initiatives to solve these problems: Technical support Project for social inclusion of gypsies in places where they cluster) (EC-Republic of Turkey SIROMA Project) Retrieved 10 December 2017. http://siromatr.net /Portals/0/Act114-AnalyticReportonPolicies_TR.pdf
  • Johnson, M. (2011) Effects of contrasting habitats and weather on abundance of the land snail Theba pisana (O. F. Müller, 1774): a 34-year study. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77 (3) pp. 218-225.
  • Jordan E (2001) From interdependence, to dependence and independence: Home and school learning for Traveller children. Childhood 8(1) pp.57-74.
  • Kilssby, D. and H. Rosenbaum (2012) Scooping of key issues in gender, climate change and disaster risk management to inform proposed UN women Five Year, Five Country pacific program, UN women
  • Kolukırık, S. (2006). The Turkish gypsies in terms of sociological perspective: a study on gypsies in Izmir. Journal of Human Sciences 3(1).
  • Leach, M (2007). Earth mother myths and other ecofeminist fables: How a strategic notion rose and fell. Development and Change 38(1) pp.67-85.
  • Marushiakova, E., and V. Popov (2015) European policies for social inclusion of Roma: Catch 22?. Social Inclusion 3.5
  • Nightingale, A.J. (2011) Bounding difference: Intersectionality and the material production of gender, caste, class and environment in Nepal. Geoforum 42(2) pp.153-162.
  • Önen, S. 2012. Mevsimlik Tarım İşçiliği ve Çingeneler (Seasonal Agricultural Labour and Gypsies) Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 4(2) pp.281-290
  • Özateşler, G. (2014). Gypsies in the economy of Turkey: A focus on gypsy flower sellers in two central districts of Istanbul. New Perspectives on Turkey 51 pp.123-146.
  • Özkan, C. (2014) Bitki zararlıları ile savaşım yöntem ve ilaçları (Removal methods of pests and pesticides) Retrieved 10 July 2016 (http://arsiv.agri.ankara. edu.tr/bitkikoruma/1397__SAVASIM_1.pdf)
  • Partal, T. and E. Kahya. (2006) Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation. Hydrological Processes. 20 pp. 2011-2026.
  • Pearce, T. (2015). Pennsylania land snails susceptible to climate change, with imperilment ranks and updated distribution maps. Final report to the Wild Resources Conservation Program. Grant Contact WRCP-10379. (Project #441161). Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
  • Radel, C. (2012) Gendered livelihoods and the politics of socio-environmental identity: Women’s participation in conservation projects in Calakmul, Mexico. Gender, Place, and Culture 19(1) pp. 61-82.
  • Radikal (2010) Kurbaga Edirne’de Ekmek Kapisi (Frogs are a source of income in Edirne) Daily national newspaper. Retrieved 10 July 2016 (http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/kurbaga-edirnede-ekmek-kapisi-978724/)
  • RCC (2018) Roma Integration 2020, Roma Cooperation Council. “Roma Decade and the EU” http://www.rcc.int/romaintegration2020/pages/4/roma-decade-and-the-eu (Retrieved 10 January 2018).
  • Resmi Gazete (2009) 2/1 numaralı ticari amaçlı su ürünleri avcılığını düzenleyen tebliğde değişiklik yapılmasına dair tebliğ. (Official Gazette, Declaration to amend the Regulation 2/1 on commercial aquaculture hunting) Retrieved 10 July 2016. (http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2009/03/20090303-7.htm)
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  • Scoones, I. (2009). Livelihoods perspectives and rural development. The Journal of Peasant Studies 36(1) pp. 171-196.
  • Skinner, E. (2011) Gender and Climate Change: Overview Report (Institute of Development Studies Publication Series)
  • Slavkova, M. (2008) Being gypsy in Europe. The case of Bulgarian Roma workers in Spain. Balkanologie. Revue d'études pluridisciplinaires 11(1-2)
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VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 107 - 136, 31.12.2020

Abstract

Turkey has been a major exporter of terrestrial snails (Helicidae) for food, mainly to European Union countries and to some extent to the United States. It is mainly the marginal communities like the gypsies in Turkey who are employed in the collection of land snails. There has been a decline in the total volume of snail harvests and snail collecting communities in recent years. The article discusses the socio-economic and ecological factors, agricultural chemicals as well climate change, that enhance the vulnerability of gypsy communities and land snails. Based on qualitative data collected in in northwest Turkey that involve focus groups with snail collecting gypsy communities, interviews with middlemen, and processing facility owner and staff, the article argues that the changing climate of lived environments due to socio-economic and ecological changes make gypsy communities and their livelihoods more vulnerable. The marginal communities have made minor adjustments in their collection practices over the years, by shifting times and places of collection. Yet, contemporary regulatory changes and climate change may undermine the collective knowledge of snail collecting gypsy communities and their livelihoods in Turkey.

References

  • Agarwal, B. (1997). Environmental action, gender equity and women’s participation. Development and Change 28 (1) pp. 1–44.
  • Agbogidi, O.M. (2010) Ethno-botanical survey of the non-timber forest products in Sapele Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science 4(6) pp. 183-189
  • Ateş, H. (1963) Ticaret Yönünden Salyangoz. (Istanbul: Istanbul Ticaret Odasi Yayinlari)
  • Baki, B. (2010) Ulkemiz kara salyangozlarından Helix lucorum ( L.1758) biyolojisi, ekonomisi, avcılık ve ihracata yönelik yasal mevzuatı. U.U Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 24 (1) pp. 109-114.
  • Barany, Z. (2002) The East European Gypsies: regime change, marginality and ethnopolitics. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press)
  • Birkenholtz, T. (2014) Network political ecology method and theory in climate change vulnerability and adaptation research Progress in Human Geography 36(3) pp. 295-315
  • Bock, B. (2006) Introduction: Rural gender studies in North and South. Pp.1-15. In B. Bock and S. Shortall Eds. Rural Gender Relations: Issues and Case Studies. (Oxfordshire and Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing)
  • Carolan, M.S. (2008) More-than-representational knowledge/s of the countryside: how we think as bodies. Sociologia Ruralis 48 pp. 408–22.
  • Carr, E. R., and M. C. Thompson. (2014). Gender and climate change adaptation in agrarian settings: Current thinking, new directions, and research frontiers. Geography Compass 8 (3) pp. 182-197.
  • Conte, Raffaela. 2015. Heliciculture: purpose and economic perspectives in the European community. The Official Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology. (ISSN 2040-1968).
  • Çubukçu, S. U. (2011). Mekanın İzdüşümünde Toplumsal Cinsiyet: Sulukule mahallesi ve romanlar (Gender in the Placemaking: Gypsies in Sulukule Neighborhood) İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi 44.
  • Dalfes, N., M. Karaca, O. L. Sen (2007). Türkiye için Iklim değişikliği senaryoları: Ön Çalışmalar (Scenarios for climate change in Turkey: Preliminary Studies) pp.11-17. In C. Guven. Ed. UNDP Iklim Değişikliği ve Türkiye: Etkiler, Sektörel Analizler, Sosyo-ekonomik Boyutlar (Climate change and Turkey: Impacts, sectoral analysis and socio-econonomic dimensions) Retrieved 10 December 2017. https://www.tobb.org.tr/Documents/yayinlar/iklim_degisikligiveturkiye.pdf
  • Dasgupta, P., J.F. M., D. Dodman, B. Karapinar, F. Meza, M.G. Rivera-Ferre, A. Toure Sarr, and K.E. Vincent (2014) Rural areas. Pp.613-657. In C.B. Field, V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White. Eds. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (UK: Cambridge University Press)
  • Demircan, M., H.Gürkan, O.Eskioğlu, H. Arabacı, and M. Coşkun (2017) Türkiye için İklim Değişikliği Projeksiyonları: Üç Model ve İki Senaryo (Climate change projections for Turkey: Three models and two scenarios)Türkiye Su Bilimleri ve Yönetimi Dergisi 1(1) pp. 22-43.
  • Doss, C., R. Meinzen-Dick, A. Quisumbing, S. Theis (2017). Women in agriculture: Four myths. Global Food Security. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.gfs.2017.10.001
  • Elmhirst, R. and B. P. Resurreccion (2008). Gender, environment and natural resource management: New dimenioons, new debates. Pp.3-21. In B. P. Resurrecion and R. Elmhirst Eds. Gender and Natural Resource Management: Livelihoods, mobility and interventions (London and Sterling, VA: Earthscan)
  • Erdogan Aras, F. (2009) Etnik (Cingene) işgücünün enformel işgücü piyasasına katılım biçimleri ve bu süreçte etkili olan faktörler: Istanbul (Cankurtaran) ve Edirne (Menzilahır) örnekleri. (Ethnic gypsy labour participation in informal labour sector and factors that affect these processes: Istanbul Cankurtaran and Edirne Menzilahir cases) Gazi Universitesi Iktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi 11(1) pp. 75-100.
  • Eroğlu, D., I. Oğuz and A. Babahan. (2014). Are gypsies without education or is education without gypsies? Gypsy Women and Education. pp. 315-328. In H. Arslan, G. Rata, E. Kocayoruk and M. A. Icbay. Eds. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Education (UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing)
  • Eroğlu, D., (2017). From Rice to Wheat: Irrevocable Effect of Drought on Rural Gender Roles in Upper Mesopotamia Sociology and Anthropology 5(2) pp.124-129
  • Eroğlu, D, M. Kuklen, and E. Atalay. (2018) Analysis of effects of environmental factors on rural rice producers in the context of gender: Celtikdere case study in Turkey Journal of Sociological Research 9(1) pp.142-156
  • Esplen, E. (2007). Gender and Sexuality: Supporting Resources Collection. (Brighton: Institute of Development Studies)
  • European Roma Rights Center (2012). Country Profile: Turkey 2011-2012. Retrieved 10 December 2017. http://www.errc.org/cms/upload/file/turkey-country-profile-2011-2012.pdf
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (2013) Edible Insects: Future prospects for food and feed security. FAO Forestry Paper 171. By Arnold van Huis Joost Van Itterbeeck Harmke Klunder Esther Mertens Afton Halloran Giulia Muir and Paul Vantomme. Retrieved July 10, 2016. (http://www.fao.org/ docrep/018/i3253e/i3253e.pdf)
  • FRA (2014) Roma in survey-Data in focus: The situation of Roma in 11 EU Member States (European Agency for Fundamental Human Rights) Retrieved 10 December 2017. fra-2014_roma-survey_education_tk0113748enc.pdf
  • Gao, X. and F. Giorgi (2008) Increased aridity in the Mediterranean region under greenhouse gas forcing estimated from high resolution simulations with a regional climate model. Global Planet Change 62 pp.195-209.
  • Goodfriend, G. A., and R. M. Mitterer (1988). Late quaternary land snails from the north coast of Jamaica: local extinctions and climatic change. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 63(4) pp. 293-311
  • Göncüoğlu, S. F. (2009). Sulukule ve çingeneleri /Sulukule Gypsies Term and the sociological reasons of their immigration. Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü Dergisi 23
  • Harris. L. (2008) Water Rich, Resource Poor: Intersections of Gender, Poverty, and Vulnerability in Newly Irrigated Areas of Southeastern Turkey. World Development 36 (12) pp. 2643- 2662
  • Huynh, P.T. and Resurreccion, B.P. (2014) Women's differentiated vulnerability and adaptations to climate-related agricultural water scarcity in rural Central Vietnam. Climate and Development, 6(3) pp.226-237
  • Ilik, B. (2016) Türkiye’de roman yurttaşların sorunları ve çözüme ilişkin çalışmalar: Romanların yoğun olarak yaşadığı alanlarda sosyal içermenin desteklenmesi operasyonu için teknik destek projesi (The problems of Turkey’s gypsy citizens and initiatives to solve these problems: Technical support Project for social inclusion of gypsies in places where they cluster) (EC-Republic of Turkey SIROMA Project) Retrieved 10 December 2017. http://siromatr.net /Portals/0/Act114-AnalyticReportonPolicies_TR.pdf
  • Johnson, M. (2011) Effects of contrasting habitats and weather on abundance of the land snail Theba pisana (O. F. Müller, 1774): a 34-year study. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77 (3) pp. 218-225.
  • Jordan E (2001) From interdependence, to dependence and independence: Home and school learning for Traveller children. Childhood 8(1) pp.57-74.
  • Kilssby, D. and H. Rosenbaum (2012) Scooping of key issues in gender, climate change and disaster risk management to inform proposed UN women Five Year, Five Country pacific program, UN women
  • Kolukırık, S. (2006). The Turkish gypsies in terms of sociological perspective: a study on gypsies in Izmir. Journal of Human Sciences 3(1).
  • Leach, M (2007). Earth mother myths and other ecofeminist fables: How a strategic notion rose and fell. Development and Change 38(1) pp.67-85.
  • Marushiakova, E., and V. Popov (2015) European policies for social inclusion of Roma: Catch 22?. Social Inclusion 3.5
  • Nightingale, A.J. (2011) Bounding difference: Intersectionality and the material production of gender, caste, class and environment in Nepal. Geoforum 42(2) pp.153-162.
  • Önen, S. 2012. Mevsimlik Tarım İşçiliği ve Çingeneler (Seasonal Agricultural Labour and Gypsies) Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 4(2) pp.281-290
  • Özateşler, G. (2014). Gypsies in the economy of Turkey: A focus on gypsy flower sellers in two central districts of Istanbul. New Perspectives on Turkey 51 pp.123-146.
  • Özkan, C. (2014) Bitki zararlıları ile savaşım yöntem ve ilaçları (Removal methods of pests and pesticides) Retrieved 10 July 2016 (http://arsiv.agri.ankara. edu.tr/bitkikoruma/1397__SAVASIM_1.pdf)
  • Partal, T. and E. Kahya. (2006) Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation. Hydrological Processes. 20 pp. 2011-2026.
  • Pearce, T. (2015). Pennsylania land snails susceptible to climate change, with imperilment ranks and updated distribution maps. Final report to the Wild Resources Conservation Program. Grant Contact WRCP-10379. (Project #441161). Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
  • Radel, C. (2012) Gendered livelihoods and the politics of socio-environmental identity: Women’s participation in conservation projects in Calakmul, Mexico. Gender, Place, and Culture 19(1) pp. 61-82.
  • Radikal (2010) Kurbaga Edirne’de Ekmek Kapisi (Frogs are a source of income in Edirne) Daily national newspaper. Retrieved 10 July 2016 (http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/kurbaga-edirnede-ekmek-kapisi-978724/)
  • RCC (2018) Roma Integration 2020, Roma Cooperation Council. “Roma Decade and the EU” http://www.rcc.int/romaintegration2020/pages/4/roma-decade-and-the-eu (Retrieved 10 January 2018).
  • Resmi Gazete (2009) 2/1 numaralı ticari amaçlı su ürünleri avcılığını düzenleyen tebliğde değişiklik yapılmasına dair tebliğ. (Official Gazette, Declaration to amend the Regulation 2/1 on commercial aquaculture hunting) Retrieved 10 July 2016. (http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2009/03/20090303-7.htm)
  • Robbins, P. (2012) Political ecology: A critical introduction 2nd ed. (Malden MA and Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.) Schilthuizen, M., and V. Kellermann (2013) Contemporary climate change and terrestrial invertebrates: evolutionary versus plastic changes Evolutionary Applications 7 (1) pp. 56-67.
  • Scoones, I. (2009). Livelihoods perspectives and rural development. The Journal of Peasant Studies 36(1) pp. 171-196.
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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Dilek Eroglu This is me

Nurcan Atalan-helicke This is me

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Eroglu, D., & Atalan-helicke, N. (2020). VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, 4(3), 107-136.
AMA Eroglu D, Atalan-helicke N. VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY. IJSHS. December 2020;4(3):107-136.
Chicago Eroglu, Dilek, and Nurcan Atalan-helicke. “VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 4, no. 3 (December 2020): 107-36.
EndNote Eroglu D, Atalan-helicke N (December 1, 2020) VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 4 3 107–136.
IEEE D. Eroglu and N. Atalan-helicke, “VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY”, IJSHS, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 107–136, 2020.
ISNAD Eroglu, Dilek - Atalan-helicke, Nurcan. “VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 4/3 (December 2020), 107-136.
JAMA Eroglu D, Atalan-helicke N. VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY. IJSHS. 2020;4:107–136.
MLA Eroglu, Dilek and Nurcan Atalan-helicke. “VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, vol. 4, no. 3, 2020, pp. 107-36.
Vancouver Eroglu D, Atalan-helicke N. VULNERABILITY AND MARGINALISATION OF SNAIL HARVESTING RURAL GYPSY FAMILIES IN TURKEY. IJSHS. 2020;4(3):107-36.