KIRGIZİSTAN’DA OKLOKRASİ’NİN EVRİMLEŞMESİ

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 49 - 68, 30.06.2023

Gökhan Tekir

Abstract

Kırgızistan bağımsızlığından itibaren güçlü lider yönetimleri altında olan Orta Asya ülkeleri içinde görece demokratik yönetiminden dolayı bir istisna olarak görülmektedir. Kırgızistan'ı anlatırken popular bir terim olarak Orta Asya'nın İsviçre'si kullanılmaktadır. Fakat, son yirmi yılda demokratik sistem oklokrasiye doğru evrilmiştir. Hukuk düzenine bağlı olan demokrasiden farklı olarak oklokrasi kalabalığın kaprislerinin yönetimini çağrıştırır. Kırgızistan 2005'ten beri birçok ayaklanmalara ve devrimlere tanıklık etmiştir. Demokratik seçimler sonucu başa gecen üç başkan büyük protestolar sonucu görevinden ayrılmak zorunda bırakılmış, siyasi istikrar zarar görmüştür. Bu çalışma Kırgızistan'da üç liderin protestolar sonucu görevinden ayrılmasına neden olan politik süreçleri inceleme amacı taşımaktadır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma kurulmasına yol açan faktörleri kapsayacaktır.

Keywords

Oklokrasi, Demokrasi, Kırgızistan, Lale Devrimi, Akayev, Bakiyev, Ceenbakov, Caparov

EVOLUTION OF OCHLOCRACY IN KYRGYZSTAN

Abstract

Kyrgyzstan has been considered as an exception in Central Asia since its independence because its relatively democratic rule has been considered as an exception in the Central Asian countries where the strongman rule has become prevalent. The popular term the Switzerland of Central Asia has been used to refer Kyrgyzstan. Yet, the democratic system has evolved into ochlocracy (mob rule) especially for the last two decades. Different from democracy, which was based on the rule of law, ochlocracy refers to rule of the caprices of the mob. Kyrgyzstan has witnessed several upheavals and revolutions since 2005. Democratically elected three presidents have been ousted because of the mass protests, damaging the political stability. This study aims at examining the political process in Kyrgyzstan, which experienced the ouster of three heads of the state as a result of popular demonstrations. Furthermore, this study will cover the factors that paved the way of ochlocratic rule in Kyrgyzstan and uprisings.

Keywords

Ochlocracy, Democracy, Kyrgyzstan, Tulip Revolution, Akayev, Bakiyev, Jeenbakov, Japarov

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