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BASIN VE ASKERİ DARBELER: GÜNAYDIN GAZETESİ'NİN 1980 TÜRKİYE ASKERİ DARBESİ'NE YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 81 - 100, 31.12.2024

Abstract

Darbeler ve demokrasi arasındaki çelişkili ilişki nedeniyle, medyanın bu tür olayları nasıl yorumladığını analiz etme ihtiyacı doğmuştur. Bu çalışma, Günaydın gazetesinin Türkiye'deki 1980 askeri darbesine yönelik yaklaşımını, o dönemdeki performansını ve yaklaşımını değerlendirerek incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak, gazetenin darbe sırasındaki habercilik ve yazarlık yaklaşımının net bir resmini ortaya koymak için betimsel içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Günaydın Gazetesi'nin 12 Eylül 1980 ile Kasım 1980 başları arasında yayımlanan 30'dan fazla nüshası Ankara'daki Türkiye Milli Kütüphanesi'nde değerlendirilmiş ve değerlendirilen nüshalar bu çalışma için yeterli bilgi sağlamıştır. Çalışma, Günaydın gazetesi, elitler ve darbe arasında bir bağlantı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Gazete bu dönemde insanların zihinlerini şekillendirmede önemli bir rol oynamış ve darbe liderlerinin çıkarlarına bir ölçüde hizmet etmiştir. Gazete darbe liderlerinin çıkarlarına hizmet etse de, yayınlanan her bilgi çeşitli kaynaklara atfedildiği için gazetenin darbeyi açıkça desteklediğini söylemek zordur. Sonuçlar ayrıca darbe liderlerinin o dönemde birincil bilgi ve haber kaynağı olduğunu, ancak gazetenin hayatın diğer yönlerine de yer verdiğini ortaya koymuştur.

References

  • Akgün, T. (2006). Türk Basınında Kayan Yıldız: Haldun Simavi'nin Günaydın'ı. ISBN 9789752934559
  • Alrmizan, M. (2019). The Historical Development of the Turkish Press: From Its Beginnings to the Present Day. ISBN: 978-603-8268-16-2.
  • Anadolu agency (published 12, September, 2020). 1980 coup ‘one of darkest days’: Erdogan, All traces of tutelage over democracy in Turkey eliminated with reforms, says President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/1980-coup-one-of-darkest-days-erdogan/1971642 | (accessed 6, May, 2022).
  • Badr El-din, E. and Dit Dah Ould Cheikh, M. (2017). The Military Coups in Shadow of Democratization (A Comparative Study of Turkey and Mauritania).
  • Birikorang, E. (2013). Coups d’état in Africa – A Thing of the Past? Kofi Anna International Peace Keeping Centre.
  • Bratic, V. (2008). Examining peace-oriented media in areas of violent conflict.
  • Buric, A. (2000). The media war and peace in Bosnia. A. Davis (ed.), Regional Media in Conflict, pp. 64--100. London: Institute for War and Peace Reporting.
  • Burton, G. (2002). More Than Meets the Eye, An introduction to Media Studies. Third Edition.
  • Daily Sabah (published September, 11, 2020), a bloody September: Turkey marks anniversary of 1980 coup. Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Durna, T. and İnal, A. (2010). 12 Eylül, Medya ve Demokratikleşme Sorunu. Dergi park akademik.
  • Hurriyet daily news.com. Turkey remembers bloody 1980 military coup. Published September 12 2019. Ankara. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-bloodiest-military-coup-39-years-later-146519 (Accessed, 17, May, 2022)
  • Jowett, G. S., and O'Donnell, V. (1999). Propaganda and persuasion. (3rd Ed.).
  • Katamba, M. (2022). The Rhetorical Analysis of President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf’s Inaugural Speech as the First Africa’s Female President. Akdeniz Havzası ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi, 4(2), 72-83.
  • Katamba, M. (2023). Book Review: Understanding Risks and Crises through the Media. Yeni Medya (15), 351-354.
  • Katamba, M., & Kayıhan, B. (n.d.). A Descriptive Analysis for the Future of Journalism Studies in Emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Case of NewsGPT platform. Yeni Medya. https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1427421.
  • Küçüközyiğit, U. (2016). The days of the coup: A discourse analysis of Turkish newspaperss approach to military coups.
  • Lasswell, H. (1927). Propaganda techniques in World War. New York: Knopf.
  • Markoff, J. (1999). Where and When Was Democracy Invented?
  • Mulalic, M. (2019). A Content Analysis of Western Balkans Daily Newspapers on July 15 Coup D'état in Turkey.
  • Obianet bağımsız iletisşim ağı (2022), 12 Eylül Askeri Darbesi ve Basın. https://m.bianet.org/bianet/toplum/93099-12-eylul-askeri-darbesi-ve-basin (accessed 28, 4, 2022).
  • Özgen, Murat, “1980 Sonrasi Türk Medyasinda Gelismeler ve Magazinlesme Olgusu”, 2nd International Symposium, Communication in the Millenium: A Dialogue between Turkish and I.stanbul American Scholars, Türki.ye, 17–19, 2004, vol.2, pp.465–477.
  • Reuters World News April 4, 20121:57 PMUpdated 10 years ago Factbox - Turkey's 1980 coup and its aftermath. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-trial-1980-idUKBRE8330F320120404 (07, 5, 2022).
  • Severin, W. and Tankard, J. (1992). Communication theories: Origins, methods, and uses of the mass media. (3rd editon.).
  • Shoemaker J. P. and Reese D. S. (1997). ideolojinin medya içerigi üzerine etkisi. In S. Irvan (Trans. & Ed.) Medya kültür siyaset (pp.99- 136).Ankara: Ark Yayinevi.
  • Taylor, P. (1995) Munitions of the mind: A history of propaganda from the ancient world to the present era. New York: Manchester University Press.
  • Turkey's 1980 coup facts, April 04 2012, Hürriyet Daily News. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys- 1980-coup-facts 17628
  • Yanardagoglu, E. (2017). The media and the failed coup in Turkey: Televised, Tweeted and Face Timed, yet so 20th century.

PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 81 - 100, 31.12.2024

Abstract

Due to the conflicting relationship between coups and democracy, there is a demanding need to analyze the media's interpretation of such events. This study aimed to examine the approach of Günaydın newspaper towards the 1980 military coup in Türkiye by assessing its performance and approach during that period. Descriptive content analysis was employed as the research method to provide a clear picture of the newspaper's approach to reporting and writing during the coup. Over 30 copies of Günaydın Newspapers published between September 12 and early November 1980 were evaluated from the national library of Turkiye in Ankara, and the assessed copies were enough to provide sufficient information for this study. The study found an interconnectedness between Günaydın newspaper, elites, and the coup. The newspaper played a significant role in shaping people's minds during this period and served the interests of the coup leaders to some extent. Although the newspaper served the interests of the coup leaders, it is difficult to say that it explicitly supported the coup since every piece of information published was attributed to various sources. Results also found out that the coup leaders were the primary sources of information and news at the time, but the newspaper also covered other aspects of life.

References

  • Akgün, T. (2006). Türk Basınında Kayan Yıldız: Haldun Simavi'nin Günaydın'ı. ISBN 9789752934559
  • Alrmizan, M. (2019). The Historical Development of the Turkish Press: From Its Beginnings to the Present Day. ISBN: 978-603-8268-16-2.
  • Anadolu agency (published 12, September, 2020). 1980 coup ‘one of darkest days’: Erdogan, All traces of tutelage over democracy in Turkey eliminated with reforms, says President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/1980-coup-one-of-darkest-days-erdogan/1971642 | (accessed 6, May, 2022).
  • Badr El-din, E. and Dit Dah Ould Cheikh, M. (2017). The Military Coups in Shadow of Democratization (A Comparative Study of Turkey and Mauritania).
  • Birikorang, E. (2013). Coups d’état in Africa – A Thing of the Past? Kofi Anna International Peace Keeping Centre.
  • Bratic, V. (2008). Examining peace-oriented media in areas of violent conflict.
  • Buric, A. (2000). The media war and peace in Bosnia. A. Davis (ed.), Regional Media in Conflict, pp. 64--100. London: Institute for War and Peace Reporting.
  • Burton, G. (2002). More Than Meets the Eye, An introduction to Media Studies. Third Edition.
  • Daily Sabah (published September, 11, 2020), a bloody September: Turkey marks anniversary of 1980 coup. Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Durna, T. and İnal, A. (2010). 12 Eylül, Medya ve Demokratikleşme Sorunu. Dergi park akademik.
  • Hurriyet daily news.com. Turkey remembers bloody 1980 military coup. Published September 12 2019. Ankara. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-bloodiest-military-coup-39-years-later-146519 (Accessed, 17, May, 2022)
  • Jowett, G. S., and O'Donnell, V. (1999). Propaganda and persuasion. (3rd Ed.).
  • Katamba, M. (2022). The Rhetorical Analysis of President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf’s Inaugural Speech as the First Africa’s Female President. Akdeniz Havzası ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi, 4(2), 72-83.
  • Katamba, M. (2023). Book Review: Understanding Risks and Crises through the Media. Yeni Medya (15), 351-354.
  • Katamba, M., & Kayıhan, B. (n.d.). A Descriptive Analysis for the Future of Journalism Studies in Emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Case of NewsGPT platform. Yeni Medya. https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1427421.
  • Küçüközyiğit, U. (2016). The days of the coup: A discourse analysis of Turkish newspaperss approach to military coups.
  • Lasswell, H. (1927). Propaganda techniques in World War. New York: Knopf.
  • Markoff, J. (1999). Where and When Was Democracy Invented?
  • Mulalic, M. (2019). A Content Analysis of Western Balkans Daily Newspapers on July 15 Coup D'état in Turkey.
  • Obianet bağımsız iletisşim ağı (2022), 12 Eylül Askeri Darbesi ve Basın. https://m.bianet.org/bianet/toplum/93099-12-eylul-askeri-darbesi-ve-basin (accessed 28, 4, 2022).
  • Özgen, Murat, “1980 Sonrasi Türk Medyasinda Gelismeler ve Magazinlesme Olgusu”, 2nd International Symposium, Communication in the Millenium: A Dialogue between Turkish and I.stanbul American Scholars, Türki.ye, 17–19, 2004, vol.2, pp.465–477.
  • Reuters World News April 4, 20121:57 PMUpdated 10 years ago Factbox - Turkey's 1980 coup and its aftermath. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-trial-1980-idUKBRE8330F320120404 (07, 5, 2022).
  • Severin, W. and Tankard, J. (1992). Communication theories: Origins, methods, and uses of the mass media. (3rd editon.).
  • Shoemaker J. P. and Reese D. S. (1997). ideolojinin medya içerigi üzerine etkisi. In S. Irvan (Trans. & Ed.) Medya kültür siyaset (pp.99- 136).Ankara: Ark Yayinevi.
  • Taylor, P. (1995) Munitions of the mind: A history of propaganda from the ancient world to the present era. New York: Manchester University Press.
  • Turkey's 1980 coup facts, April 04 2012, Hürriyet Daily News. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys- 1980-coup-facts 17628
  • Yanardagoglu, E. (2017). The media and the failed coup in Turkey: Televised, Tweeted and Face Timed, yet so 20th century.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Muzafalu Katamba

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date September 6, 2024
Acceptance Date November 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Katamba, M. (2024). PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, 8(3), 81-100.
AMA Katamba M. PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980. IJSHS. December 2024;8(3):81-100.
Chicago Katamba, Muzafalu. “PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 8, no. 3 (December 2024): 81-100.
EndNote Katamba M (December 1, 2024) PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 8 3 81–100.
IEEE M. Katamba, “PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980”, IJSHS, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 81–100, 2024.
ISNAD Katamba, Muzafalu. “PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 8/3 (December 2024), 81-100.
JAMA Katamba M. PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980. IJSHS. 2024;8:81–100.
MLA Katamba, Muzafalu. “PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, vol. 8, no. 3, 2024, pp. 81-100.
Vancouver Katamba M. PRESS AND MILITARY COUPS: A STUDY OF THE GÜNAYDIN NEWSPAPER’S APPROACH TO THE TÜRKIYE’S MILITARY COUP OF 1980. IJSHS. 2024;8(3):81-100.