Üst Kademe Teorisine İlişkin Bir Literatür Taraması

Abstract

Üst kademe teorisi, örgütleri yöneticilerinin birer yansıması olarak görmektedir. Teoriye göre yöneticilerin gözlemlenebilir yani demografik ve gözlemlenemeyen yani psikolojik değişkenleri örgütün stratejik seçim ve eylemlerini yönlendirmektedir. Çalışmanın esas amacı, üst kademe teorisi yazınının mevcut durumunu ve ilgili alanda anlaşılması gereken ve henüz yeterli çalışma yapılmamış olan alanları ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, üst kademe teorisine ilişkin bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Teorinin ortaya konduğu 1984 yılından günümüze dek yapılmış olan çalışmalar analiz birimi, kullanılan değişkenler, kullanılan araştırma yöntemi gibi özellikleri açısından kategorize edilerek sunulmuştur. Teorinin gözlemlenebilir değişkenlerin ele alındığı çalışmalar ile hız kazandığı ancak diğer taraftan gözlemlenemeyen değişkenlerin yeterli sayıda çalışmaya konu edilmediği görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda, ilgili yazında nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanımının çok yoğun olduğu ancak yönetici özelliklerinin stratejik eylemleri nasıl etkilediğini anlamaya yönelik yapılan nitel çalışmaların sıklıkla yapılmadığı görülmüştür. Mevcut çalışmanın, ilgili alanda yer alan araştırmacılara alana dair bir inceleme sunması açısından ve alanın mevcut durumunu ortaya koyması açısından katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• üst kademe teorisi
• stratejik seçim
• davranışsal strateji
• literatür taraması

A Literature Review on Upper Echelon Theory

Abstract

Upper echelon theory sees organizations as a reflection of their managers. According to upper echelon theory, the observable -demographic- and unobservable -psychological- variables of the managers direct the strategic choices and actions of the managers. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the current state of the upper-echelon theory literature and the areas that need to be understood and for which adequate studies have not been done yet. In this direction, a literature review on upper-echelon theory was conducted. The studies carried out since 1984, when the theory was introduced- are presented by categorizing them in terms of features such as analysis unit, variables, and research method. It has been observed that the theory has gained momentum with studies dealing with observable variables but on the other hand, unobservable variables are not subject to a sufficient number of studies. At the same time, it has been observed that the use of the quantitative research method is very intense, but qualitative studies aimed at understanding how managerial characteristics affect strategic actions are not frequently conducted. It is thought that the current study will contribute to the researchers in the field in terms of presenting a review of the field and revealing the current situation of the field.

Keywords

• upper echelon theory
• strategic choice
• behavioral strategy
• literature review

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