This study aims to assess the impact of the additional population pressure on the interregional income and wealth distribution of the Syrian temporary refugees in Türkiye. Using Excel, we calculated the effect of the additional population pressure from the Syrians in the 26 sub-regions in NUTS 2 on the asset and income distribution among the regions. The asset and income distributions were estimated using the Gini, Theil, Atkinson, and CV methods. Subsequently, we determined the disruptive effect of Syrians on the interregional income distribution in each of the 10 distinct income components. The interregional income distribution deteriorated by 4% to 7% across different income groups. Additionally, we determined the disruptive effect of Syrians on the interregional wealth distribution across 16 different asset components. The deterioration in the interregional asset distribution according to real asset components occurred in a wide band between 1% and 18%. Upon comparing the interregional distribution of income and wealth components, we observed that the additional population pressure of Syrians significantly and steadily increased the inequality in the distribution of income components. Only a balanced distribution of income and wealth can prevent the Syrians, who form their shadow economy, from deteriorating the distribution of income and wealth.
Alexandre, L., Salloum, C., & Alalam, A. (2019). An investigation of migrant entrepreneurs: The case of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(5), 1147-1164. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2018-0171
Anand, I., & Thampi, A. (2016). Recent trends in wealth inequality in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 51(50), 59-67.
Antonov, E. V. (2020). Territorial concentration of the economy and population in European Union Countries and Russia and the role of global cities. Regional Research of Russia, 10(3), 360-372. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970520030028
Artelaris, P. (2021). Regional economic growth and inequality in Greece. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 13(1), 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12363
Atasü-Topcuoğlu, R. (2019). Syrian refugee entrepreneurship in Turkey: Integration and the use of immigrant capital in the informal economy. Social Inclusion, 7(4), 200-210. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i4.2346
Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3), 244-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(70)90039-6
Balkan, B., Ozcan Tok, E., Torun, H., Tumen, S. (2018, June). Immigration, housing rents, and residential Segregation: Evidence from Syrian refugees in Turkey (Discussion Paper, No. 11611). IZA Institute of Labor Economics. https://docs.iza.org/dp11611.pdf
Beaujouan, J., & Rasheed, A. (2020). An overview of the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon and its socio-economic impact. In J. Beaujouan, A. Rasheed (Eds.), Syrian Crisis, Syrian Refugees. Mobility & Politics (pp. 35-46). Palgrave Pivot, Cham.
Berman, Y., & Aste, T. (2016). To what extent does immigration affect inequality? Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 462, 1029–1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2016.06.074
Cakici, A., Yilmaz, S., & Cakici, A. C. (2018). Türk esnafın Suriyeli mülteci esnaf hakkındaki tutumu: Mersin'de bir araştırma [The attitudes of Turkish tradesmen towards Syrian refugee tradesmen: A research in Mersin]. PressAcademia Procedia, 7(1),367-371. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2018.918
Carrascal-Incera, A., McCann, P., Ortega-Argilés, R., & Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2020). UK interregional inequality in a historical and international comparative context. National Institute Economic Review, 253, R4–R17. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.26
Cengiz, D., & İncili, Ö. F. (2022). Kilis’te yaşayan Suriyelilerin mekânsal örüntüleri [Spatial patterns of Syrians living in Kilis]. Göç Dergisi, 9(2), 207-223. https://doi.org/10.33182/gd.v9i2.810
Cengiz, D., & Özgür, E. M. (2021). Suriyeli mültecilerin Antakya’daki mekânsal ayrışma örüntüsünün haritalanması [Mapping the spatial segregation pattern of Syrian refugees in Antakya]. Göç Dergisi, 8(2), 347-364. https://doi.org/10.33182/gd.v8i2.789
Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E., Zucman, G. et al. (2022). World Inequality Report 2022. World Inequality Lab. https://wir2022.wid.world
Chang, C. A. (2022). A more effective refugee policy. Insight Turkey, 24(1), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2022241.8
Çiftçi, A. N. (2022). Türkiye’de yoksulluk kültürüyle mücadelede sosyal çalışma [Social work to combatting culture of poverty in Turkey] (Publication No. 749982) [Doctoral dissertation, Kırklareli University Institute of Social Sciences]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu.
Çiftçi, M. (2009). Bireysel servetin bölgesel dağılımı perspektifiyle Türkiye’nin AB’ye uyum sorunu. In K. K. Sümer (Ed.). İÜ İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri Bölümü Yayınları.
Çiftçi, M. (2010). Türkiye’de 60 yaş üstü nüfusun sağlık hizmetlerinin bölgesel dağılımından sağladıkları sosyal fayda düzeyleri [Level of social utility of regional distribution of health care services in Turkey for the population aged 60 years and over]. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 13(4), 252-260. https://geriatri.dergisi.org/uploads/pdf/pdf_TJG_524.pdf
Çiftçi, M. (2020). David Harvey’in mekân-zaman sabiteleri kuramının 2008 sonrası konut üretiminin desantralizasyonunda izdüşümü: Atkinson bölgesel eşitsizlik endeksi yöntemiyle Türkiye’den bir kanıt [Projection of David Harvey’s spatio-temporal fixe model on the housing production decentralization post- 2008: An evidence from Turkey with the Atkinson regional inequality index method]. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(17), 170-184. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1135741
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Increasing Effect of Syrian Temporary Refugees on Interregional Income and Wealth Inequality
This study aims to assess the impact of the additional population pressure on the interregional income and wealth distribution of the Syrian temporary refugees in Türkiye. Using Excel, we calculated the effect of the additional population pressure from the Syrians in the 26 sub-regions in NUTS 2 on the asset and income distribution among the regions. The asset and income distributions were estimated using the Gini, Theil, Atkinson, and CV methods. Subsequently, we determined the disruptive effect of Syrians on the interregional income distribution in each of the 10 distinct income components. The interregional income distribution deteriorated by 4% to 7% across different income groups. Additionally, we determined the disruptive effect of Syrians on the interregional wealth distribution across 16 different asset components. The deterioration in the interregional asset distribution according to real asset components occurred in a wide band between 1% and 18%. Upon comparing the interregional distribution of income and wealth components, we observed that the additional population pressure of Syrians significantly and steadily increased the inequality in the distribution of income components. Only a balanced distribution of income and wealth can prevent the Syrians, who form their shadow economy, from deteriorating the distribution of income and wealth.
Alexandre, L., Salloum, C., & Alalam, A. (2019). An investigation of migrant entrepreneurs: The case of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(5), 1147-1164. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2018-0171
Anand, I., & Thampi, A. (2016). Recent trends in wealth inequality in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 51(50), 59-67.
Antonov, E. V. (2020). Territorial concentration of the economy and population in European Union Countries and Russia and the role of global cities. Regional Research of Russia, 10(3), 360-372. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970520030028
Artelaris, P. (2021). Regional economic growth and inequality in Greece. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 13(1), 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12363
Atasü-Topcuoğlu, R. (2019). Syrian refugee entrepreneurship in Turkey: Integration and the use of immigrant capital in the informal economy. Social Inclusion, 7(4), 200-210. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i4.2346
Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3), 244-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(70)90039-6
Balkan, B., Ozcan Tok, E., Torun, H., Tumen, S. (2018, June). Immigration, housing rents, and residential Segregation: Evidence from Syrian refugees in Turkey (Discussion Paper, No. 11611). IZA Institute of Labor Economics. https://docs.iza.org/dp11611.pdf
Beaujouan, J., & Rasheed, A. (2020). An overview of the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon and its socio-economic impact. In J. Beaujouan, A. Rasheed (Eds.), Syrian Crisis, Syrian Refugees. Mobility & Politics (pp. 35-46). Palgrave Pivot, Cham.
Berman, Y., & Aste, T. (2016). To what extent does immigration affect inequality? Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 462, 1029–1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2016.06.074
Cakici, A., Yilmaz, S., & Cakici, A. C. (2018). Türk esnafın Suriyeli mülteci esnaf hakkındaki tutumu: Mersin'de bir araştırma [The attitudes of Turkish tradesmen towards Syrian refugee tradesmen: A research in Mersin]. PressAcademia Procedia, 7(1),367-371. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2018.918
Carrascal-Incera, A., McCann, P., Ortega-Argilés, R., & Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2020). UK interregional inequality in a historical and international comparative context. National Institute Economic Review, 253, R4–R17. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.26
Cengiz, D., & İncili, Ö. F. (2022). Kilis’te yaşayan Suriyelilerin mekânsal örüntüleri [Spatial patterns of Syrians living in Kilis]. Göç Dergisi, 9(2), 207-223. https://doi.org/10.33182/gd.v9i2.810
Cengiz, D., & Özgür, E. M. (2021). Suriyeli mültecilerin Antakya’daki mekânsal ayrışma örüntüsünün haritalanması [Mapping the spatial segregation pattern of Syrian refugees in Antakya]. Göç Dergisi, 8(2), 347-364. https://doi.org/10.33182/gd.v8i2.789
Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E., Zucman, G. et al. (2022). World Inequality Report 2022. World Inequality Lab. https://wir2022.wid.world
Chang, C. A. (2022). A more effective refugee policy. Insight Turkey, 24(1), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2022241.8
Çiftçi, A. N. (2022). Türkiye’de yoksulluk kültürüyle mücadelede sosyal çalışma [Social work to combatting culture of poverty in Turkey] (Publication No. 749982) [Doctoral dissertation, Kırklareli University Institute of Social Sciences]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu.
Çiftçi, M. (2009). Bireysel servetin bölgesel dağılımı perspektifiyle Türkiye’nin AB’ye uyum sorunu. In K. K. Sümer (Ed.). İÜ İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri Bölümü Yayınları.
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