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Crimes of Globalization: Health Care, HIV and the Poverty of Neoliberalism in Sub-Saharan Africa

Year 2008, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, - , 30.05.2016

Abstract

This paper contributes to the growing body of literature on crimes of globalization. Following a broader conceptualization of crime which goes beyond the proscriptions of the criminal law, it argues that the dynamics of market economics has criminogenic (social harm) effects, especially in economically-challenged regions like the sub-Saharan Africa. The paper challenges the hegemony of law in the criminalization process by locating social harm at the epicentre of criminological inquiry.

References

  • Agozino, B. (2003). Counter-Colonial Criminology: A Critique of Imperialist Reason. London: Pluto Press.
  • Aiken, L. H. et al (2004). “Trends in International Nurse Migration”. Health Affairs. 23: 77.
  • Barak, G. (ed.) (1991). Crimes by the Capitalist State. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Batata, A. (2005). “International Nurse Recruitment and NHS Vacancies: A Cross Sectional Analysis”. Globalization and Health. 1 (7): 1-10.
  • Becker, C. M. (1990). “The Demo-Economic Impact of the AIDS Pandemic in Sub Saharan Africa”. World Development. 18(12): 1599-1619.
  • Brigham, T. (1997). “Most people with AIDS can‟t even get an aspirin”. Africa Today (January/February): 48-49.
  • Brummer, D. (2002). Labour Migration and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa. IOM: International Organization for Migration Regional Office for Southern Africa.
  • Chikanda, A. (2006). “Skilled Health Professionals‟ Migration and Its Impact on Health Care Delivery in Zimbabwe”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 32(4): 680.
  • Elkins, C. (2005). Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain’s Gulag in Kenya. 1st ed. New York: H. Holt.
  • Engberg-Pedersen, P. (eds.) (1996). Limits of Adjustment in Africa: The Effects of Economic Liberalization, 1986-1994. Copenhagen: Centre for Development Research.
  • Epstein, H. (2002). “The Hidden Cause of AIDS”. The New York Review. (May 9): 43
  • Evans, G. and J. Newnham (1992). The Dictionary of World Politics: A Reference Guide to Concepts, Ideas and Institutions. (Revised Edition). New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Ezeonu, I. (2007). “State Crime Control” in Gregg Barak (ed.). Battleground: Criminal Justice. Vol. 2. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press.
  • Ezeonu, I. C. (2003). “Structural Adjustment and Stabilization in sub-Saharan Africa” in Malinda S. Smith (ed.). Globalizing Africa. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc.
  • Ezeonu, I. C. (2000). “Ghana and Uganda: A Reappraisal of the „success story‟ of market-led Development Strategy”. Africa Quarterly. 40(4): 77-118.
  • Ezeonu, I. C. and A. C. Okolie (2001). “The GATT Uruguay Round Agreements and their implications for sub-Saharan Africa”. Africa Quarterly. 41(3): 33-75.
  • Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
  • Farmer, P. (2004). “An Anthropology of Violence”. Current Anthropology. 45 (2): 305
  • Farmer, P. E. et al (2006). “Structural Violence and Clinical Medicine”. Policy Forum. 3 (10): 1686-1691.
  • Friedrichs, D. O. (1998). State Crime: Volumes I and II. Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate/Dartmouth.
  • Friedrichs, D. O. (2007). Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime in ContemporarySociety. Third Ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.
  • Friedrichs, D. O. and J. Friedrichs (2002). “The World Bank and Crimes of Globalization: A Case Study”. Social Justice. 29: (1-2): 13-36.
  • Galtung, J. (1969). “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research”. Journal of Peace Research. 6: 91.
  • Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Giroux, H. A. (2004). The Terror of Neoliberalism. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers.
  • Harvey, D. (1989). The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Hillyard, P. and S. Tombs (2004). “Beyond criminology?” in Paddy Hillyard et al (eds.). Beyond Criminology: Taking Harm Seriously. London: Pluto Press.
  • Hogstedt, C. et al (2007). “The Consequences of Economic Globalization on Working Conditions, Labor Relations, and Workers‟ Health” in Ichiro Kawachi and Sarah Wamala (eds.). Globalization and Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hunter, C. W. (1989). “Migrant labor and sexually transmitted disease: AIDS in Africa”. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 30: 353-373.
  • Hunter, S. S. (2003). Black Death: AIDS in Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Johnston, L. and R. Nicoll (1997). “AIDS Drugs Cut to „Guniea Pigs‟”. Review of African Political Economy. 73(24):388-389.
  • Kauzlarich, D. and D. O. Friedrichs (2003). “Crimes of the State” in M. D. Schwartz and Suzanne E. Hatty (eds.). Controversies in Critical Criminology. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Co.
  • Kawachi, I. and S. Wamala (2007). “Globalization and Health: Challenges and Prospects” in Ichiro Kawachi and Sarah Wamala (eds.). Globalization and Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kirigia, J. M. et al (2006). “The Cost of Health Professionals‟ Brain Drain in Kenya”. BMC Health Services Research. 6(89): 1-10.
  • Krieger, N. (2007). “Why Epidemiologists Cannot Afford to Ignore Poverty”. Epidemiology. 18(6): 658-663.
  • Lynch, M. J. and W. B. Groves (1989). A Primer in Radical Criminology. 2nd ed. New York: Harrow and Heston Publishers.
  • Marshall, D. D. (1996). “National Development and the Globalization Discourse: Confronting „Imperative‟ and „Convergence‟ Notions”. Third World Quarterly. 17 (5): 889.
  • Okolie, A. C. (2003). “Development Hegemony and the Development Crisis in Africa: The Importance of Indigenous Knowledges and Practices in the Making of Food Policy”. Journal of African American History. 88(4): 429-448.
  • O‟Manique, C. (2004). Neoliberalism and AIDS Crisis in sub-Saharan Africa: Globalization’s Pandemic. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Peet, R. (2003). Unholy Trinity: The IMF, World Bank and WTO. London and New York: Zed Books.
  • Pfohl, S. (2003). “Foreword”. Biko Agozino. Counter-Colonialism Criminology: A Critique of Imperialist Reason. London: Pluto Press.
  • Quinney, R. (1978). “The Ideology of Law: Notes for a Radical Alternative to Legal Oppression” in Charles E. Reasons and Robert M. Rich (eds.). The Sociology of Law: A Conflict Perspective. Toronto: Butterworths and Co. (Canada) Ltd.
  • Reiman, J. (1996). …And the Poor Get Prison: Economic Bias in American Criminal Justice. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Rodney, W. (1972). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogle-L‟Ouverture.
  • Rothe, D. et al (2006). “Crime on the High Seas: Crimes of Globalization and the Sinking of the Senegalese Ferry Le Joola”. Critical Criminology. 14: 159-180.
  • Todaro, M. P. (1997). Economic Development. 6th ed. London: Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.
  • Tombs, S. and P. Hillyard (2004). “Towards a Political Economy of Harm: States, Corporations and the Production of Inequality” in P. Hillyard et al (eds.). Beyond Criminology: Taking Harm Seriously. London: Pluto Press.
  • Sachs, J. (2005). The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. New York: Penguin Press.
  • Schwartz, M. D. and S. E. Hatty (2003). Controversies in Critical Criminology. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Co.
  • Smith, A. (ed.) (1937). The Wealth of Nations. New York: The Modern Library.
  • Smith, M. (ed.) (2003). Globalizing Africa. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc.
  • Southern African Migration Project (2006). The Brain Drain of Health Professionals from Sub-Saharan Africa to Canada. Cape Town: Idasa.
  • Stiglitz, J. E. (2002). Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.
  • Stillwaggon, E. (2006). AIDS and the Ecology of Poverty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Sutherland, E. H. (1961). White Collar Crime. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Sutherland, E. H. (1940). “White-Collar Criminality”. American Sociological Review. (1): 1-12.
  • United Nations Commission on Human Rights (2004). Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: The right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health (Report of the Special Rapporteur, Paul Hunt). Geneva: United Nations Commission on Human Rights.
  • World Development Movement (2006). “Briefing on Debt and AIDS: Deadly conditions? Examining the relationship between debt relief policies and HIV/AIDS”. http://www.wdm.org.uk/campaigns/cambriefs/debt/ (Sourced: October 15, 2007).
  • World Health Organization (2006). Working Together for Health. Geneva: The World Health Organization.
  • World Trade Organization (2006). Uruguay Round Agreement: Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights. (http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27- trips_01_e.htm. (Sourced: November 15, 2007).
  • World Trade Organization (1998). Trading into the Future. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
  • Wright, W. and S. L. Muzzatti (2007). “Not in my port: The “death ship” of sheep and crimes of agri-food globalization”. Agriculture and Human Values. 24:133-145.
  • Zinn, H. (1997). “Law and Justice”. The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy. New York: Seven Stories Press.
Year 2008, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, - , 30.05.2016

Abstract

References

  • Agozino, B. (2003). Counter-Colonial Criminology: A Critique of Imperialist Reason. London: Pluto Press.
  • Aiken, L. H. et al (2004). “Trends in International Nurse Migration”. Health Affairs. 23: 77.
  • Barak, G. (ed.) (1991). Crimes by the Capitalist State. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Batata, A. (2005). “International Nurse Recruitment and NHS Vacancies: A Cross Sectional Analysis”. Globalization and Health. 1 (7): 1-10.
  • Becker, C. M. (1990). “The Demo-Economic Impact of the AIDS Pandemic in Sub Saharan Africa”. World Development. 18(12): 1599-1619.
  • Brigham, T. (1997). “Most people with AIDS can‟t even get an aspirin”. Africa Today (January/February): 48-49.
  • Brummer, D. (2002). Labour Migration and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa. IOM: International Organization for Migration Regional Office for Southern Africa.
  • Chikanda, A. (2006). “Skilled Health Professionals‟ Migration and Its Impact on Health Care Delivery in Zimbabwe”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 32(4): 680.
  • Elkins, C. (2005). Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain’s Gulag in Kenya. 1st ed. New York: H. Holt.
  • Engberg-Pedersen, P. (eds.) (1996). Limits of Adjustment in Africa: The Effects of Economic Liberalization, 1986-1994. Copenhagen: Centre for Development Research.
  • Epstein, H. (2002). “The Hidden Cause of AIDS”. The New York Review. (May 9): 43
  • Evans, G. and J. Newnham (1992). The Dictionary of World Politics: A Reference Guide to Concepts, Ideas and Institutions. (Revised Edition). New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Ezeonu, I. (2007). “State Crime Control” in Gregg Barak (ed.). Battleground: Criminal Justice. Vol. 2. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press.
  • Ezeonu, I. C. (2003). “Structural Adjustment and Stabilization in sub-Saharan Africa” in Malinda S. Smith (ed.). Globalizing Africa. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc.
  • Ezeonu, I. C. (2000). “Ghana and Uganda: A Reappraisal of the „success story‟ of market-led Development Strategy”. Africa Quarterly. 40(4): 77-118.
  • Ezeonu, I. C. and A. C. Okolie (2001). “The GATT Uruguay Round Agreements and their implications for sub-Saharan Africa”. Africa Quarterly. 41(3): 33-75.
  • Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
  • Farmer, P. (2004). “An Anthropology of Violence”. Current Anthropology. 45 (2): 305
  • Farmer, P. E. et al (2006). “Structural Violence and Clinical Medicine”. Policy Forum. 3 (10): 1686-1691.
  • Friedrichs, D. O. (1998). State Crime: Volumes I and II. Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate/Dartmouth.
  • Friedrichs, D. O. (2007). Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime in ContemporarySociety. Third Ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.
  • Friedrichs, D. O. and J. Friedrichs (2002). “The World Bank and Crimes of Globalization: A Case Study”. Social Justice. 29: (1-2): 13-36.
  • Galtung, J. (1969). “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research”. Journal of Peace Research. 6: 91.
  • Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Giroux, H. A. (2004). The Terror of Neoliberalism. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers.
  • Harvey, D. (1989). The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Hillyard, P. and S. Tombs (2004). “Beyond criminology?” in Paddy Hillyard et al (eds.). Beyond Criminology: Taking Harm Seriously. London: Pluto Press.
  • Hogstedt, C. et al (2007). “The Consequences of Economic Globalization on Working Conditions, Labor Relations, and Workers‟ Health” in Ichiro Kawachi and Sarah Wamala (eds.). Globalization and Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hunter, C. W. (1989). “Migrant labor and sexually transmitted disease: AIDS in Africa”. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 30: 353-373.
  • Hunter, S. S. (2003). Black Death: AIDS in Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Johnston, L. and R. Nicoll (1997). “AIDS Drugs Cut to „Guniea Pigs‟”. Review of African Political Economy. 73(24):388-389.
  • Kauzlarich, D. and D. O. Friedrichs (2003). “Crimes of the State” in M. D. Schwartz and Suzanne E. Hatty (eds.). Controversies in Critical Criminology. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Co.
  • Kawachi, I. and S. Wamala (2007). “Globalization and Health: Challenges and Prospects” in Ichiro Kawachi and Sarah Wamala (eds.). Globalization and Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kirigia, J. M. et al (2006). “The Cost of Health Professionals‟ Brain Drain in Kenya”. BMC Health Services Research. 6(89): 1-10.
  • Krieger, N. (2007). “Why Epidemiologists Cannot Afford to Ignore Poverty”. Epidemiology. 18(6): 658-663.
  • Lynch, M. J. and W. B. Groves (1989). A Primer in Radical Criminology. 2nd ed. New York: Harrow and Heston Publishers.
  • Marshall, D. D. (1996). “National Development and the Globalization Discourse: Confronting „Imperative‟ and „Convergence‟ Notions”. Third World Quarterly. 17 (5): 889.
  • Okolie, A. C. (2003). “Development Hegemony and the Development Crisis in Africa: The Importance of Indigenous Knowledges and Practices in the Making of Food Policy”. Journal of African American History. 88(4): 429-448.
  • O‟Manique, C. (2004). Neoliberalism and AIDS Crisis in sub-Saharan Africa: Globalization’s Pandemic. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Peet, R. (2003). Unholy Trinity: The IMF, World Bank and WTO. London and New York: Zed Books.
  • Pfohl, S. (2003). “Foreword”. Biko Agozino. Counter-Colonialism Criminology: A Critique of Imperialist Reason. London: Pluto Press.
  • Quinney, R. (1978). “The Ideology of Law: Notes for a Radical Alternative to Legal Oppression” in Charles E. Reasons and Robert M. Rich (eds.). The Sociology of Law: A Conflict Perspective. Toronto: Butterworths and Co. (Canada) Ltd.
  • Reiman, J. (1996). …And the Poor Get Prison: Economic Bias in American Criminal Justice. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Rodney, W. (1972). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogle-L‟Ouverture.
  • Rothe, D. et al (2006). “Crime on the High Seas: Crimes of Globalization and the Sinking of the Senegalese Ferry Le Joola”. Critical Criminology. 14: 159-180.
  • Todaro, M. P. (1997). Economic Development. 6th ed. London: Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.
  • Tombs, S. and P. Hillyard (2004). “Towards a Political Economy of Harm: States, Corporations and the Production of Inequality” in P. Hillyard et al (eds.). Beyond Criminology: Taking Harm Seriously. London: Pluto Press.
  • Sachs, J. (2005). The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. New York: Penguin Press.
  • Schwartz, M. D. and S. E. Hatty (2003). Controversies in Critical Criminology. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Co.
  • Smith, A. (ed.) (1937). The Wealth of Nations. New York: The Modern Library.
  • Smith, M. (ed.) (2003). Globalizing Africa. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc.
  • Southern African Migration Project (2006). The Brain Drain of Health Professionals from Sub-Saharan Africa to Canada. Cape Town: Idasa.
  • Stiglitz, J. E. (2002). Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.
  • Stillwaggon, E. (2006). AIDS and the Ecology of Poverty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Sutherland, E. H. (1961). White Collar Crime. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Sutherland, E. H. (1940). “White-Collar Criminality”. American Sociological Review. (1): 1-12.
  • United Nations Commission on Human Rights (2004). Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: The right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health (Report of the Special Rapporteur, Paul Hunt). Geneva: United Nations Commission on Human Rights.
  • World Development Movement (2006). “Briefing on Debt and AIDS: Deadly conditions? Examining the relationship between debt relief policies and HIV/AIDS”. http://www.wdm.org.uk/campaigns/cambriefs/debt/ (Sourced: October 15, 2007).
  • World Health Organization (2006). Working Together for Health. Geneva: The World Health Organization.
  • World Trade Organization (2006). Uruguay Round Agreement: Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights. (http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27- trips_01_e.htm. (Sourced: November 15, 2007).
  • World Trade Organization (1998). Trading into the Future. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
  • Wright, W. and S. L. Muzzatti (2007). “Not in my port: The “death ship” of sheep and crimes of agri-food globalization”. Agriculture and Human Values. 24:133-145.
  • Zinn, H. (1997). “Law and Justice”. The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy. New York: Seven Stories Press.
There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA22RC84ZN
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İfeanyi Ezeonu This is me

Publication Date May 30, 2016
Submission Date May 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ezeonu, İ. (2016). Crimes of Globalization: Health Care, HIV and the Poverty of Neoliberalism in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 1(2).

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