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The Other Global Drugs Crisis: Assessing the Scope, Impacts and Drivers of the Trade in Dangerous Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals

Year 2008, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 151 - 166, 30.05.2016

Abstract

This paper deals with a topic heretofore largely neglected in studies of health and social policy, namely the challenge presented by the growing global trade in dangerous counterfeit medicines. Empirically, the scope and scale of this trade is assessed, along with its public health risks and impacts. Analytically, a range of social, political and economic processes are identified as contributing to this problem. These include the impact of on-going neo-liberal globalisation and the emergence of patent regimes that favour the developed over the developing nations. Current anti-counterfeiting policy initiatives, at both national and trans-national levels, are also critically examined. It is argued that such measures are unlikely to be effective unless combined with more radical challenges to the chronic lack of access to safe medicinal drugs in the developing world.

References

  • ABPN, (2003) Death Penalty Recommended for Fake Drug Makers. Asia Pacific Biotech News, 7(17), 1196
  • Abadinsky, H., (1985)Organized Crime. Second Edition. Chicago: Nelson-Hall
  • Albanese, J., Das, D., and Verma, A.,(2003) Organized Crime: World Perspectives. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
  • Ault, A., (2004) US FDA Calls For Technological Attack on Drug Counterfeiting. The Lancet, 363 (9410), 714
  • Castells, M., (1996) The Rise of the Network Society. Cambridge MA/Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Castells, M., (1998) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture: vol.3 – End of Millennium. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Chatterjee, P., (2001) India's Trade in Fake Drugs – Bringing the Counterfeiters to Book. The Lancet, 375 (9270), 1776
  • Clarke, C., (2003) Counterfeiting Abroad and at Home. The Pharmaceutical Journal, , 453-4
  • Coleman, C. (1996) Understanding Crime Data: Haunted by the Dark Figure. Milton Keynes: Open University Press
  • Drahos, P., (2001) Developing Countries and International Intellectual Property StandardSetting. Commission on Intellectual Property Rights Study Paper 8. London: IPRC.
  • Drahos, P. with Braithwaite, J., (2002) Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?. London: Earthscan
  • EFPIA (European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations), (2005) Counterfeit Medicines. Available from http://www.efpia.org/2_indust/counterfeitdrugs.pdf [accessed 15 November 2007]
  • Erhun, W., Babalola, O., and Erhun, M., (2001) Drug Regulation and Control in Nigeria: The Challenge of Counterfeit Drugs. Journal of Health & Population in Developing Countries, 4(2), 23-34
  • FINCA International, (2005) Working With the Very Poor. Available from http://www.villagebanking.org/clients-about.htm [accessed 15 November 2007]
  • Forzley, M., (2003) Counterfeit Goods and the Public's Health and Safety. Washington: International Intellectual Property Institute.
  • Hall, D. and de la Motte, R., (2004) Dogmatic Development: Privatisation and Conditionalities http://www.psiru.org/reports/2004-02-U-condits.pdf[accessed 15 November 2007] in Six Countries. Available from
  • Held, D. et al. (1999) Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Hetzer, W., (2002) Godfathers and Pirates: Counterfeiting and Organized Crime. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 10 (4), 303-320.
  • Hyde, S., (1999) A Few Coppers Change. The Journal of Information, Law and Technology (JILT), 2, available from http://www.law.warwick.ac.uk/jilt/99/hyde.html [accessed 15 November 2007]
  • IACC (International Anti-Counterfeiting Coalition). (2003) Facts on Fakes. Washington: IACC
  • Kapp, C., (2002) Counterfeit Drug Problem “underestimated” Says Conference. The Lancet, 360 (9339):,1080
  • Lewis-Lettington, R. and Banda, C., (2004). A Survey of Policy and Practice on the Use of Access to Medicines-Related TRIPs Flexibilities in Malawi. London: DFID
  • Nelken, D., (1997) The Globalization of Crime and Criminal Justice: Prospects and Problems. Current Legal Problems, 50, 251-77
  • Newton, P., White, N., Rozendaal, J., and Green M., (2002) Murder by Fake Drugs: Time for International Action. British Medical Journal, 321, 800-1
  • PAHO (Pan-American Health Organisation) (2005) WG/Drug Counterfeiting: Report and Proposals. Geneva: WHO
  • Pécoul, B., Chirac, P., Troullier, P., and Pinel, J., (1999) Access to Essential Drugs in Poor Countries: A Lost Battle?. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 361-7
  • Player, S. and Pollock, A., (2001) Long-Term Care: From Public Responsibility to Private Good. Critical Social Policy, 21(2), 231–255
  • Rassool, R.P., (2003) Antipiracy – Trends and Technology (A Report from the Front). available
  • IBCWidevineAntipiracy.pdf [accessed 15 November 2007] from http://www.broadcastpapers.com/asset/
  • Robinson, W., (1999) The World Customs Organization. R.E. Kendall (ed) International Criminal Police Review: Special Issue on Counterfeiting. Lyon: ICPO/Interpol.
  • Roy, J., (1994) The Menace of Substandard Drugs. World Health Forum, 15(4), 406-7
  • Ruggeiro, V., (2000) Transnational Crime: Official and Alternate Fears. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 28, 187-99.
  • Strassner, M. and Fleisch, E., (2003) M-LAB: The Promise of Auto ID in the Automotive Industry. Cambridge MA: MIT
  • Tiprus, D., (2004) Using Technology to Combat the Counterfeit Trade. World Customs Organization http://www.wcoomd.org/ie/En/Magazine/ omd_actu_45_UK.pdf [accessed 15 November 2007] News, , October: Available from
  • Thompson, C., (2003a) Firms Take Another Step to Stop Counterfeits. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 60 (11), 1090
  • Thompson, C., (2003b) Counterfeit Drugs Arise From Various Sources. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 60 (15), 1506-7
  • Thompson, C., (2004) Radio Frequency Tags For Identifying Legitimate Drug Products Discussed by Tech Industry. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 61 (14), 1430-1
  • Vagg, J. and Harris, J.,(2000) False Profits: Why Product Counterfeiting is Increasing.
  • European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 8, 107-115
  • Vaidhyanathan, S., (2003) Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How it Threatens Creativity. New York: NYU Press.
  • Vithlani, H., (1998) The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting. Paris: OECD
  • Wang, S. and Zhu, J.H.,(2003) Mapping Film Piracy in China. Theory, Culture and Society 20 (4), 97-125
  • Watt, G., (2004) Expiry Date Tampering. The Lancet, 363 (9403), 172
  • WHO (World Health Organization) (1999) Counterfeit and Substandard Drugs in Myanmar and Vietnam. Geneva: WHO
  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2002) TRIPS, Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Medicines. HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral Newsletter No. 8. Geneva: WHO
  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2003) Substandard and Counterfeit Medicines. Fact Sheet No. 275, November. Geneva: WHO
  • Wolffers, I., (1995) The role of Pharmaceuticals in the Privatization Process in Vietnam's Health-Care System. Social Science & Medicine, 41(9),1325-32.
  • Young, D., (2003) FDA Launches New Initiative to Battle Counterfeit Drugs. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 60 (17), 1712-13
  • Young, D., (2004a) Counterfeit Drugs Lawsuit Points Finger at Wholesaler, Pharmacy. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 61, 1978-84
  • Young, D., (2004b) FDA Declares Action to Combat Counterfeit Drugs. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 61 (7), 645-7
Year 2008, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 151 - 166, 30.05.2016

Abstract

References

  • ABPN, (2003) Death Penalty Recommended for Fake Drug Makers. Asia Pacific Biotech News, 7(17), 1196
  • Abadinsky, H., (1985)Organized Crime. Second Edition. Chicago: Nelson-Hall
  • Albanese, J., Das, D., and Verma, A.,(2003) Organized Crime: World Perspectives. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
  • Ault, A., (2004) US FDA Calls For Technological Attack on Drug Counterfeiting. The Lancet, 363 (9410), 714
  • Castells, M., (1996) The Rise of the Network Society. Cambridge MA/Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Castells, M., (1998) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture: vol.3 – End of Millennium. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Chatterjee, P., (2001) India's Trade in Fake Drugs – Bringing the Counterfeiters to Book. The Lancet, 375 (9270), 1776
  • Clarke, C., (2003) Counterfeiting Abroad and at Home. The Pharmaceutical Journal, , 453-4
  • Coleman, C. (1996) Understanding Crime Data: Haunted by the Dark Figure. Milton Keynes: Open University Press
  • Drahos, P., (2001) Developing Countries and International Intellectual Property StandardSetting. Commission on Intellectual Property Rights Study Paper 8. London: IPRC.
  • Drahos, P. with Braithwaite, J., (2002) Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?. London: Earthscan
  • EFPIA (European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations), (2005) Counterfeit Medicines. Available from http://www.efpia.org/2_indust/counterfeitdrugs.pdf [accessed 15 November 2007]
  • Erhun, W., Babalola, O., and Erhun, M., (2001) Drug Regulation and Control in Nigeria: The Challenge of Counterfeit Drugs. Journal of Health & Population in Developing Countries, 4(2), 23-34
  • FINCA International, (2005) Working With the Very Poor. Available from http://www.villagebanking.org/clients-about.htm [accessed 15 November 2007]
  • Forzley, M., (2003) Counterfeit Goods and the Public's Health and Safety. Washington: International Intellectual Property Institute.
  • Hall, D. and de la Motte, R., (2004) Dogmatic Development: Privatisation and Conditionalities http://www.psiru.org/reports/2004-02-U-condits.pdf[accessed 15 November 2007] in Six Countries. Available from
  • Held, D. et al. (1999) Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Hetzer, W., (2002) Godfathers and Pirates: Counterfeiting and Organized Crime. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 10 (4), 303-320.
  • Hyde, S., (1999) A Few Coppers Change. The Journal of Information, Law and Technology (JILT), 2, available from http://www.law.warwick.ac.uk/jilt/99/hyde.html [accessed 15 November 2007]
  • IACC (International Anti-Counterfeiting Coalition). (2003) Facts on Fakes. Washington: IACC
  • Kapp, C., (2002) Counterfeit Drug Problem “underestimated” Says Conference. The Lancet, 360 (9339):,1080
  • Lewis-Lettington, R. and Banda, C., (2004). A Survey of Policy and Practice on the Use of Access to Medicines-Related TRIPs Flexibilities in Malawi. London: DFID
  • Nelken, D., (1997) The Globalization of Crime and Criminal Justice: Prospects and Problems. Current Legal Problems, 50, 251-77
  • Newton, P., White, N., Rozendaal, J., and Green M., (2002) Murder by Fake Drugs: Time for International Action. British Medical Journal, 321, 800-1
  • PAHO (Pan-American Health Organisation) (2005) WG/Drug Counterfeiting: Report and Proposals. Geneva: WHO
  • Pécoul, B., Chirac, P., Troullier, P., and Pinel, J., (1999) Access to Essential Drugs in Poor Countries: A Lost Battle?. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 361-7
  • Player, S. and Pollock, A., (2001) Long-Term Care: From Public Responsibility to Private Good. Critical Social Policy, 21(2), 231–255
  • Rassool, R.P., (2003) Antipiracy – Trends and Technology (A Report from the Front). available
  • IBCWidevineAntipiracy.pdf [accessed 15 November 2007] from http://www.broadcastpapers.com/asset/
  • Robinson, W., (1999) The World Customs Organization. R.E. Kendall (ed) International Criminal Police Review: Special Issue on Counterfeiting. Lyon: ICPO/Interpol.
  • Roy, J., (1994) The Menace of Substandard Drugs. World Health Forum, 15(4), 406-7
  • Ruggeiro, V., (2000) Transnational Crime: Official and Alternate Fears. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 28, 187-99.
  • Strassner, M. and Fleisch, E., (2003) M-LAB: The Promise of Auto ID in the Automotive Industry. Cambridge MA: MIT
  • Tiprus, D., (2004) Using Technology to Combat the Counterfeit Trade. World Customs Organization http://www.wcoomd.org/ie/En/Magazine/ omd_actu_45_UK.pdf [accessed 15 November 2007] News, , October: Available from
  • Thompson, C., (2003a) Firms Take Another Step to Stop Counterfeits. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 60 (11), 1090
  • Thompson, C., (2003b) Counterfeit Drugs Arise From Various Sources. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 60 (15), 1506-7
  • Thompson, C., (2004) Radio Frequency Tags For Identifying Legitimate Drug Products Discussed by Tech Industry. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 61 (14), 1430-1
  • Vagg, J. and Harris, J.,(2000) False Profits: Why Product Counterfeiting is Increasing.
  • European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 8, 107-115
  • Vaidhyanathan, S., (2003) Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How it Threatens Creativity. New York: NYU Press.
  • Vithlani, H., (1998) The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting. Paris: OECD
  • Wang, S. and Zhu, J.H.,(2003) Mapping Film Piracy in China. Theory, Culture and Society 20 (4), 97-125
  • Watt, G., (2004) Expiry Date Tampering. The Lancet, 363 (9403), 172
  • WHO (World Health Organization) (1999) Counterfeit and Substandard Drugs in Myanmar and Vietnam. Geneva: WHO
  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2002) TRIPS, Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Medicines. HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral Newsletter No. 8. Geneva: WHO
  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2003) Substandard and Counterfeit Medicines. Fact Sheet No. 275, November. Geneva: WHO
  • Wolffers, I., (1995) The role of Pharmaceuticals in the Privatization Process in Vietnam's Health-Care System. Social Science & Medicine, 41(9),1325-32.
  • Young, D., (2003) FDA Launches New Initiative to Battle Counterfeit Drugs. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 60 (17), 1712-13
  • Young, D., (2004a) Counterfeit Drugs Lawsuit Points Finger at Wholesaler, Pharmacy. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 61, 1978-84
  • Young, D., (2004b) FDA Declares Action to Combat Counterfeit Drugs. American Journal of Health-Systems Pharmacy, 61 (7), 645-7
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA22SF73JK
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Majid Yar This is me

Publication Date May 30, 2016
Submission Date May 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yar, M. (2016). The Other Global Drugs Crisis: Assessing the Scope, Impacts and Drivers of the Trade in Dangerous Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 1(1), 151-166.

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