LEADERSHIP IN GLOBAL POLITICAL SYSTEM: GEORGE MODELSKI AND LONG CYCLES IN WORLD POLITICS

Year 2017, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 277 - 314, 26.12.2017

Samet Yılmaz

Abstract

Systemic approaches or theories which are aimed
to comprehend wholeness of processes are used both in natural and social
sciences. Such approaches or theories in international relations discipline
were emerged after the Second World War. In this framework, there has been
developed various approaches or theories in the discipline, using different
variables. World system approaches are among those addressing political,
economic and social processes on macro scale, and explaining these processes in
a holistic sense. World system approaches evaluate these processes on world
scale, and utilized on other fields such as sociology, history, economy and
philosophy. The Long Cycles Theory of George Modelski which is one of the world
system approaches addresses the leadership and transformations in world
politics. Modelski claims that a nation-state becomes leader in global
political system, and this process continues on cyclical rhythms. Each long
cycle brings about a new leader. However, Modelski’s approach is not only
aiming to explain leadership in world politics but also to model development of
global political system. Thus, this attempt distinguishes the long cycle theory
from traditional system models in international relations.

Keywords

World System, George Modelski, Modern World System, Global Political System, Nation-State

KÜRESEL POLİTİK SİSTEMDE LİDERLİK: GEORGE MODELSKİ VE DÜNYA POLİTİKASINDA UZUN DÖNGÜLER

Abstract

Sistemik
yaklaşım veyahut teoriler, hem doğa bilimlerinde hem de sosyal bilimlerde
kullanılan, bütünü anlamaya yönelik önermeler bütünüdür. Uluslararası ilişkiler
disiplini içerisinde bütünü anlamaya yönelik yaklaşım veyahut teoriler, II.
Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde ortaya konmaya başlamıştır. Bu çerçevede
disiplinde çeşitli ekoller veyahut paradigmalar içerisinde, farklı
değişkenlerin referans alındığı, bütünü anlamaya yönelik sistemik yaklaşım
veyahut teoriler geliştirilmiştir. Politik, toplumsal ve ekonomik süreçleri
makro ölçekli ve bütüncül bir çerçevede açıklamaya çalışan yaklaşımlardan biri
de dünya sistemi yaklaşımlarıdır. Dünya sistemi yaklaşımları, dünya ölçeğindeki
süreçleri, sistemin bütünü çerçevesinde değerlendiren ve sosyoloji, tarih,
ekonomi, felsefe vb. diğer alanlardan istifade eden yaklaşımlardır. Bu
çalışmalar dünya ölçeğindeki süreçlerin döngüsel ritimlerini şu ya da bu
değişken bağlamında açıklamaya çalışmışlardır. Dünya sistemi yaklaşımları
içerisinde yer alan George Modelski’nin “Uzun Döngüler Teorisi”, dünya politik
süreçlerindeki liderlik ve dönüşümü modellemeye yönelik bir önermeler
bütünüdür. Modelski, küresel politik sistem içerisinde bir ulus-devletin lider
konuma geldiğini ve bu sürecin döngüsel ritimlerle
devam ettiğini ileri sürmektedir. Her bir döngü yeni bir ulus-devletin lider
konuma gelmesini beraberinde getirmektedir. Bununla
birlikte Modelski’nin yaklaşımı yalnızca ulus-devletlerin liderlik olgusunu
açıklamaya yönelik değildir. Zira Modelski aslında küresel politik sistemin
gelişimini modellemeye çalışmıştır ki bu girişim onu uluslararası ilişkilerdeki
geleneksel sistem modellerinden ayırmaktadır.

Keywords

Dünya Sistemi, George Modelski, Modern Dünya Sistemi, Küresel Politik Sistem, Ulus-Devlet

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