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IMPACT OF COLONIALISM HERITAGE ON SOMALIA

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 765 - 789, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.837759

Abstract

Unlike most of the colonized territories, greater Somalian lands were exploited by three powers during the colonial period: Italy, Britain, and France. The administration of modern Somalian borders by two of them -Britain and Italy- with different styles has been an important factor for Somalia in experiencing chronic problems and inefficiency of state institutions in the post-colonial period. Therefore, Somalia’s inability to use its unique geopolitical location and economic capacity is related to colonial heritage. As a result of the power struggle in Somalia after the end of colonialism, Siad Barre seized power. However, after the Barre era, the country literally entered a process of collapse and was forgotten by the international community. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit to Somalia with a delegation in 2011 symbolizes a turning point for the fate of Somalia. Thus, after this significant visit, Somalia draw more attention and there has been an increase in the engagement of other states toward Somalia. Today, regional and global rivalry in Somalia become more apparent than before. This study examines the impact of colonialism in the context of state rebuilding. In the study, he economic, social and political reflections of the colonial period on Somalia are analyzed. As a consequence, the study claims that the heritage of colonialism in Somalia has not disappeared yet.

References

  • Abbink, Jan (2009). The Total Somali Clan Genealogy. Netherlands: African Studies Centre, ASC Working Paper, 84.
  • All Answers. November 2018. History of Somalia: Pre-colonial, Colonial and Post Colonial. https://ukdiss.com/examples/somalia-2.php?vref=1.
  • BBC, Somali'de petrol rezervi ne kadar? Erdoğan'ın 'Teklif geldi' açıklamasına Somali Petrol Bakanı ne diyor?, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-51210933 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2020).
  • Besteman, Catherine (1996). Representing Violence and "Othering" Somalia”., Cultural Anthropology, 11(1), 120-133.
  • Besteman, Catherine (1999). Unraveling Somalia. Race, Violence, and the Legacy of Slavery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Bradbury, Mark (2008). Becoming Somaliland. London: Progressio.
  • Clapham, Cristopher (1998). “Degrees of Statehood”. Review of International Studies 24(2), 143-157.
  • Clarke, Walter S.; Gosende, Robert (2003). “Somalia: Can a Collapsed State Reconstitute Itself?”, Rotberg, Robert I. (Ed.). State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror, Washington: Brookings Institute Press, 129-158.
  • Clifford, E. H. M. (1936). “The Biritish Somaliland-Ethiopia Boundary”. The Geographical Journal, 87(4), 289-302.
  • Coleman, James Smoot; Gustav, Carl (1966). Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa. Berkley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Country Policy and Information Note Somalia: Majority clans and minority groups in south and central Somalia, June 2017, https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/59422bdc4.pdf.
  • Davies, Timothy John (2017). Anglo-Italian Relatıons in The Red Sea and Zanzibar, 1880-1888.United Kingdom, University of Birmingham.
  • Eubank, Nicholas (2012). “Taxation, Political Accountability and Foreign Aid: Lessons from Somaliland”. Journal of Development Studies, 48(4), 465-480.
  • Finaldi,Giuseppe (2016). A History of Italian Colonialism, 1860-1907 : Europe’s Last Empire. Routledge.
  • Forti, Daniel R. (2011). A Pocket of Stability: Understanding Somaliland. Occasional Paper Series: Issue 2.
  • Hess, Robert L. (1966). Italian Colonialism in Somalia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • International Crisis Group (2003). Somaliland: Democratization and its Discontents. Africa Report No. 66. Nairobi; Brussels.
  • Jonas, Raymond (2011). Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire.
  • Le Sage, Andre (2005). Stateless Justice in Somalia Formal and Informal Rule of Law Initiatives. Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, July 2005 report.
  • Lewis, Ioan M. (2002). A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa. Oxford.
  • Menkhaus, Ken (2006). “Governance without Government in Somalia: Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Coping”. International Security (31)3, 74-106.
  • Meredith, Martin (2006). The State of Africa. London: The Free Press.
  • Milkias, Paulos (2004). “U.S. Foreign Policy Towards Africa with Emphasis on Ethiopia and Eritrea”. International Journal of Ethiopian Studies, Winter/Spring 2004, 1(2), 58-81.
  • Özkan, Mehmet (2014). Doğu Afrika Jeopolitiği ve Türkiye’nin Somali Politikası. İstanbul: SETA.
  • Plaut, Martin (2016).Castro’s Troubled Legacy in the Horn of Africa: Hero or Villain?. The Convesration.
  • Somaliland Times 2002, Hagmann ve Hoehne 2009, 52.
  • Türel, Oktar (2017). Küresel Tarihçe 1945-1979. Yordam Kitap.
  • Walls, Michael; Kibble, Steve (2011). Somaliland: Change and Continuity. Report by International Election Observers on the June 2010 Presidential Elections in Somaliland. London: Progressio.
  • Xeer,https://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/September-October-2005/scene_lombard_sepoct05.msp.
  • Yasin, Mohammed Yasin (2010). Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti. Hamburg.

SÖMÜRGECİLİK MİRASININ SOMALİ’YE ETKİSİ

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 765 - 789, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.837759

Abstract

Geniş çerçevede Somali toprakları, sömürgecilik döneminde çoğu sömürge bölgelerinden farklı olarak İtalya, İngiltere ve Fransa olmak üzere üç ülke tarafından sömürülmüştür. Günümüz Somali sınırlarının İtalya ve İngiltere tarafından farklı biçimlerde yönetilmesi ülkenin sömürgecilik sonrası dönemde sürekli olarak sorunlar yaşamasında ve devletin kurumsal yapısının oluşturulamamasında önemli bir etken olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra Somali’nin sahip olduğu jeopolitik konum ve ekonomik kapasiteyi kullanamaması da sömürgecilik dönemi mirasından bağımsız değildir. Somali’de sömürgecilik döneminden sonra yaşanan iktidar mücadelesi sonucunda Siad Barre ülkede iktidarı ele geçirmiştir. Ancak Barre dönemi sonrasında ülke tam anlamıyla bir çöküş sürecine girmiş ve uluslararası toplum tarafından unutulmuştur. 2011’de dönemin Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın Somali’ye geniş katılımlı bir heyetle gitmesi Somali’nin kaderini önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Bu ziyaretten sonra Somali’ye diğer devletlerin angajmanında bir artış gözlenmiştir. Günümüzde Somali’de bölgesel ve küresel rekabet ciddi anlamda kendisini hissettirmektedir. Bu çalışma sömürgeciliğin Somali’ye nasıl etki ettiğini devletin yeniden yapılandırılması çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Çalışmada sömürge döneminin Somali’ye ekonomik, toplumsal ve siyasal açıdan yansımaları analiz edilmiştir. Nihayetinde Somali’de sömürgecilik döneminin mirasının henüz ortadan kalkmadığı değerlendirilmektedir.

References

  • Abbink, Jan (2009). The Total Somali Clan Genealogy. Netherlands: African Studies Centre, ASC Working Paper, 84.
  • All Answers. November 2018. History of Somalia: Pre-colonial, Colonial and Post Colonial. https://ukdiss.com/examples/somalia-2.php?vref=1.
  • BBC, Somali'de petrol rezervi ne kadar? Erdoğan'ın 'Teklif geldi' açıklamasına Somali Petrol Bakanı ne diyor?, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-51210933 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2020).
  • Besteman, Catherine (1996). Representing Violence and "Othering" Somalia”., Cultural Anthropology, 11(1), 120-133.
  • Besteman, Catherine (1999). Unraveling Somalia. Race, Violence, and the Legacy of Slavery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Bradbury, Mark (2008). Becoming Somaliland. London: Progressio.
  • Clapham, Cristopher (1998). “Degrees of Statehood”. Review of International Studies 24(2), 143-157.
  • Clarke, Walter S.; Gosende, Robert (2003). “Somalia: Can a Collapsed State Reconstitute Itself?”, Rotberg, Robert I. (Ed.). State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror, Washington: Brookings Institute Press, 129-158.
  • Clifford, E. H. M. (1936). “The Biritish Somaliland-Ethiopia Boundary”. The Geographical Journal, 87(4), 289-302.
  • Coleman, James Smoot; Gustav, Carl (1966). Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa. Berkley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Country Policy and Information Note Somalia: Majority clans and minority groups in south and central Somalia, June 2017, https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/59422bdc4.pdf.
  • Davies, Timothy John (2017). Anglo-Italian Relatıons in The Red Sea and Zanzibar, 1880-1888.United Kingdom, University of Birmingham.
  • Eubank, Nicholas (2012). “Taxation, Political Accountability and Foreign Aid: Lessons from Somaliland”. Journal of Development Studies, 48(4), 465-480.
  • Finaldi,Giuseppe (2016). A History of Italian Colonialism, 1860-1907 : Europe’s Last Empire. Routledge.
  • Forti, Daniel R. (2011). A Pocket of Stability: Understanding Somaliland. Occasional Paper Series: Issue 2.
  • Hess, Robert L. (1966). Italian Colonialism in Somalia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • International Crisis Group (2003). Somaliland: Democratization and its Discontents. Africa Report No. 66. Nairobi; Brussels.
  • Jonas, Raymond (2011). Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire.
  • Le Sage, Andre (2005). Stateless Justice in Somalia Formal and Informal Rule of Law Initiatives. Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, July 2005 report.
  • Lewis, Ioan M. (2002). A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa. Oxford.
  • Menkhaus, Ken (2006). “Governance without Government in Somalia: Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Coping”. International Security (31)3, 74-106.
  • Meredith, Martin (2006). The State of Africa. London: The Free Press.
  • Milkias, Paulos (2004). “U.S. Foreign Policy Towards Africa with Emphasis on Ethiopia and Eritrea”. International Journal of Ethiopian Studies, Winter/Spring 2004, 1(2), 58-81.
  • Özkan, Mehmet (2014). Doğu Afrika Jeopolitiği ve Türkiye’nin Somali Politikası. İstanbul: SETA.
  • Plaut, Martin (2016).Castro’s Troubled Legacy in the Horn of Africa: Hero or Villain?. The Convesration.
  • Somaliland Times 2002, Hagmann ve Hoehne 2009, 52.
  • Türel, Oktar (2017). Küresel Tarihçe 1945-1979. Yordam Kitap.
  • Walls, Michael; Kibble, Steve (2011). Somaliland: Change and Continuity. Report by International Election Observers on the June 2010 Presidential Elections in Somaliland. London: Progressio.
  • Xeer,https://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/September-October-2005/scene_lombard_sepoct05.msp.
  • Yasin, Mohammed Yasin (2010). Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti. Hamburg.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferhat Pirinççi This is me 0000-0001-5495-5425

Tunç Demirtaş This is me 0000-0001-9267-9345

Publication Date December 28, 2020
Submission Date June 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Pirinççi, F., & Demirtaş, T. (2020). SÖMÜRGECİLİK MİRASININ SOMALİ’YE ETKİSİ. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 13(2), 765-789. https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.837759

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