IMPACT OF COLONIALISM HERITAGE ON SOMALIA

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 765 - 789, 28.12.2020

Ferhat Pirinççi Tunç Demirtaş

https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.837759

Abstract

Unlike most of the colonized territories, greater Somalian lands were exploited by three powers during the colonial period: Italy, Britain, and France. The administration of modern Somalian borders by two of them -Britain and Italy- with different styles has been an important factor for Somalia in experiencing chronic problems and inefficiency of state institutions in the post-colonial period. Therefore, Somalia’s inability to use its unique geopolitical location and economic capacity is related to colonial heritage. As a result of the power struggle in Somalia after the end of colonialism, Siad Barre seized power. However, after the Barre era, the country literally entered a process of collapse and was forgotten by the international community. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit to Somalia with a delegation in 2011 symbolizes a turning point for the fate of Somalia. Thus, after this significant visit, Somalia draw more attention and there has been an increase in the engagement of other states toward Somalia. Today, regional and global rivalry in Somalia become more apparent than before. This study examines the impact of colonialism in the context of state rebuilding. In the study, he economic, social and political reflections of the colonial period on Somalia are analyzed. As a consequence, the study claims that the heritage of colonialism in Somalia has not disappeared yet.

Keywords

Somalia, Colonialism, State Rebuilding, Siad Barre, Horn of Africa

SÖMÜRGECİLİK MİRASININ SOMALİ’YE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Geniş çerçevede Somali toprakları, sömürgecilik döneminde çoğu sömürge bölgelerinden farklı olarak İtalya, İngiltere ve Fransa olmak üzere üç ülke tarafından sömürülmüştür. Günümüz Somali sınırlarının İtalya ve İngiltere tarafından farklı biçimlerde yönetilmesi ülkenin sömürgecilik sonrası dönemde sürekli olarak sorunlar yaşamasında ve devletin kurumsal yapısının oluşturulamamasında önemli bir etken olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra Somali’nin sahip olduğu jeopolitik konum ve ekonomik kapasiteyi kullanamaması da sömürgecilik dönemi mirasından bağımsız değildir. Somali’de sömürgecilik döneminden sonra yaşanan iktidar mücadelesi sonucunda Siad Barre ülkede iktidarı ele geçirmiştir. Ancak Barre dönemi sonrasında ülke tam anlamıyla bir çöküş sürecine girmiş ve uluslararası toplum tarafından unutulmuştur. 2011’de dönemin Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın Somali’ye geniş katılımlı bir heyetle gitmesi Somali’nin kaderini önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Bu ziyaretten sonra Somali’ye diğer devletlerin angajmanında bir artış gözlenmiştir. Günümüzde Somali’de bölgesel ve küresel rekabet ciddi anlamda kendisini hissettirmektedir. Bu çalışma sömürgeciliğin Somali’ye nasıl etki ettiğini devletin yeniden yapılandırılması çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Çalışmada sömürge döneminin Somali’ye ekonomik, toplumsal ve siyasal açıdan yansımaları analiz edilmiştir. Nihayetinde Somali’de sömürgecilik döneminin mirasının henüz ortadan kalkmadığı değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

Somali, Sömürgecilik, Devletin Yeniden Yapılandırılması, Siad Barre, Afrika Boynuzu

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