The augmentation in apoptosis and cell cycle-associated transcriptional gene expression in A549 cells induced by Polyspora huongiana leaves methanol extract

Nguyen Trung Quan; Tran Thi; Bui Thi Kim Ly; Hoang Thanh Chi

The augmentation in apoptosis and cell cycle-associated transcriptional gene expression in A549 cells induced by Polyspora huongiana leaves methanol extract

Abstract

According to the WHO, in 2020, lung cancer was recorded as the second most common new case of cancer in the world, and it causes the most deaths among cancer types. The side effects during the treatment are considerable, so novel therapies are being proposed and research broadened. Research on medicinal herbs, including tea, in cancer treatment always brings breakthrough discoveries. Although Polyspora huongiana was described many years ago, its scientific data on the ability to treat lung cancer have still been mystified. The cytotoxicity assay and the wound healing evaluation combination were performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of the P. huongiana leaf extract on lung cancer cells, A549. The flow cytometry assay and the transcriptomic level measurement were experimented with to clarify the action primarily. The results showed that the extract inhibited cell growth with an IC50 of 195.80 ± 25.00 µg/mL, and the apoptotic cells were observed. The apoptosis and cell cycle-regulated gene escalation were recorded in A549 under treatment with the P. huongiana extract.

Keywords

Thanks

We thank Mr Truong Quang Cuong and Mr Phung My Trung for the sample collection and identification

References

Bahar, E., Han, S.-Y., Kim, J.-Y., Yoon, H. (2022). Chemotherapy Resistance: Role of Mitochondrial and Autophagic Components. Cancers, 14(6), 1462. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/6/1462
Balasubramani, S.P., Rahman, M.A., Basha, S.M. (2019). Synergistic Action of Stilbenes in Muscadine Grape Berry Extract Shows Better Cytotoxic Potential Against Cancer Cells Than Resveratrol Alone. Biomedicines, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines7040096
Beech, E., Hills, R., Rivers, M., Oldfield, S., Smith, P.P. (2021). GlobalTreeSearch download 1.5. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33593.90725
Beech, E., Hills, R., Rivers, M., Oldfield, S., Smith, P.P. (2022). GlobalTreeSearch download 1.6. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34206.61761
Beltz, L.A., Bayer, D.K., Moss, A.L., Simet, I.M. (2006). Mechanisms of cancer prevention by green and black tea polyphenols. Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 6(5), 389 406. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152006778226468
Burkhart, D. L., Ngai, L. K., Roake, C. M., Viatour, P., Thangavel, C., Ho, V. M., Knudsen, E. S., Sage, J. (2010). Regulation of RB transcription in vivo by RB family members. Mol Cell Biol, 30(7), 1729-1745. https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00952-09
Carr, C., Ng, J., Wigmore, T. (2008). The side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care, 19, 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacc.2008.01.004
Chen, Y., Zhang, F., Du, Z., Xie, J., Xia, L., Hou, X., Hao, E., Deng, J. (2021). Proteome Analysis of Camellia nitidissima Chi Revealed Its Role in Colon Cancer Through the Apoptosis and Ferroptosis Pathway [Original Research]. Frontiers in Oncology, Volume 11 - 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.727130

Chen, X., Duan, N., Zhang, C., Zhang, W. (2016). Survivin and Tumorigenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. J cancer, 7(3), 314–323. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.13332
Chi, H.T., Ly, B.T.K., Vu, H.A., Sato, Y., Dung, P.C., Xinh, P.T. (2014). Down-regulated expression of NPM1 in IMS-M2 cell line by (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(7), 570-574. https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014APJTB-2014-0177
Cooper, W.A., Lam, D.C., O'Toole, S.A., Minna, J.D. (2013). Molecular biology of lung cancer. J Thorac Dis, 5 Suppl 5(Suppl 5), S479-490. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.08.03
Jana, S., Hsieh, A.C., Gupta, R. (2017). Reciprocal amplification of caspase-3 activity by nuclear export of a putative human RNA-modifying protein, PUS10 during TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis, 8(10), e3093. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.476
Kim, J. H., Yang, H., Kim, K. K. (2022). Camellia japonica Root Extract Increases Antioxidant Genes by Induction of NRF2 in HeLa Cells. Plants (Basel), 11(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212914
Kim, S.I., Yeo, S.G., Gen, Y., Ju, H.R., Kim, S.H., Park, D.C. (2019). Differences in autophagy-associated mRNAs in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis and gynecologic cancers. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X, 2, 100016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurox.2019.100016
Kumar, S., Sharma, V.K., Yadav, S., Dey, S. (2017). Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of black turtle bean extracts on human breast cancer cell line through extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. Chem Cent J, 11(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-017-0281-5
Lee, K.P., Baek, S., Yoon, M.S., Park, J.S., Hong, B.S., Lee, S.J., Oh, S.J., Kwon, S.H., Lee, R., Lee, D.H., Park, K.S., Moon, B.S. (2022). Potential anticancer effect of aspirin and 2'-hydroxy-2,3,5'-trimethoxychalcone-linked polymeric micelles against cervical cancer through apoptosis. Oncol Lett, 23(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.13149
Linh, P.H., Lý, B.T.K., Chí, H.T. (2023). Khảo sát hoạt tính cao chiết methanol từ Camellia cuongiana thu hái tại Vườn Quốc gia Bidoup–Núi Bà trên tế bào ung thư biểu mô gan HCC-J5. Tạp Chí Khoa học Và Công nghệ - Đại học Đà Nẵng, 21(5), 78-81.
Lorenzo, J.M., Munekata, P. (2016). Phenolic compounds of green tea: Health benefits and technological application in food. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.010
Lu, Q.Y., Yang, Y., Jin, Y.S., Zhang, Z.F., Heber, D., Li, F.P., Dubinett, S.M., Sondej, M.A., Loo, J.A., Rao, J.Y. (2009). Effects of green tea extract on lung cancer A549 cells: proteomic identification of proteins associated with cell migration. Proteomics, 9(3), 757 767. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200800019
Ly, B.T., Chi, H.T., Yamagishi, M., Kano, Y., Hara, Y., Nakano, K., Sato, Y., Watanabe, T. (2013). Inhibition of FLT3 expression by green tea catechins in FLT3 mutated-AML cells. PLoS One, 8(6), e66378. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066378
Healy, S., Khan, P., James, R.D. (2013). Immediate early response genes and cell transformation. Pharmacol Ther, 137(1), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.001
Monteiro Lde, S., Bastos, K.X., Barbosa-Filho, J.M., de Athayde-Filho, P.F., Diniz Mde, F., Sobral, M. V. (2014). Medicinal Plants and Other Living Organisms with Antitumor Potential against Lung Cancer. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014, 604152. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/604152
Musial, C., Kuban-Jankowska, A., Gorska-Ponikowska, M. (2020). Beneficial Properties of Green Tea Catechins. Int J Mol Sci, 21(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051744
Namita, P., Mukesh, R., Vijay, K. (2012). Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea): A Review. Global Journal of Pharmacology, 6.
Nguyet Hai Ninh, L., Van Dung, L., Canh, N., Pham, T.T.D., Luu, T., Pham, T. (2020). An updated checklist of Theaceae and a new species of Polyspora from Vietnam. Taiwania, 65, 216-227. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.216
Oehm, A., Behrmann, I., Falk, W., Pawlita, M., Maier, G., Klas, C., Li-Weber, M., Richards, S., Dhein, J., Trauth, B. C., et al. (1992). Purification and molecular cloning of the APO-1 cell surface antigen, a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily. Sequence identity with the Fas antigen. J Biol Chem, 267(15), 10709-10715.
Orel, G., Wilson, P., Curry, A., Luu, H.T. (2012). Polyspora huongiana sp nov (Theaceae) from Vietnam and notes on related species. Nordic Journal of Botany, 30, 47 52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01330.x
Padinharayil, H., Varghese, J., John, M.C., Rajanikant, G.K., Wilson, C. M., Al-Yozbaki, M., Renu, K., Dewanjee, S., Sanyal, R., Dey, A., Mukherjee, A.G., Wanjari, U.R., Gopalakrishnan, A.V., George, A. (2023). Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): Implications on molecular pathology and advances in early diagnostics and therapeutics. Genes Dis, 10(3), 960 989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.023
Perveen, S., Ashfaq, H., Shahjahan, M., Manzoor, A., Tayyeb, A. (2020). Citrullus colocynthis regulates de novo lipid biosynthesis in human breast cancer cells. J Cancer Res Ther, 16(6), 1294-1301. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_206_20
Quan, N., Ly, B., Thanh Chi, H. (2023). The cytotoxic effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del. extract on myeloid leukemia cells. Biomedical Research and Therapy, 10, 5855 5863. https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.827
Sechler, M., Cizmic, A.D., Avasarala, S., Van Scoyk, M., Brzezinski, C., Kelley, N., Bikkavilli, R.K., Winn, R.A. (2013). Non-small-cell lung cancer: molecular targeted therapy and personalized medicine - drug resistance, mechanisms, and strategies. Pharmgenomics Pers Med, 6, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.S26058
Shivakumar, L., Armitage, J.O. (2006). Bcl-2 gene expression as a predictor of outcome in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma, 6(6), 455 457. https://doi.org/10.3816/CLM.2006.n.025
Sonoda, J.I., Ikeda, R., Baba, Y., Narumi, K., Kawachi, A., Tomishige, E., Nishihara, K., Takeda, Y., Yamada, K., Sato, K., Motoya, T. (2014). Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, attenuates the cell viability of human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells via reducing Bcl-xL expression. Exp Ther Med, 8(1), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1719
Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R.L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209 249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
Tan, V.P., Diep, N., Truc N., Hanh, N., An, N., Hung, N., Tho, L., Hop, N., Thien, H. (2024). Phytochemistry, antibacterial and antioxidant properties from Adinandra hongiaoensis and Polyspora huongiana (Theaceae). Plant Sci Today, 11(4), 1072 1077. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.3677
Vauzour, D., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Corona, G., Oruna-Concha, M.J., Spencer, J.P. (2010). Polyphenols and human health: prevention of disease and mechanisms of action. Nutrients, 2(11), 1106-1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2111106
Wahbah, M., Boroumand, N., Castro, C., El-Zeky, F., Eltorky, M. (2007). Changing trends in the distribution of the histologic types of lung cancer: a review of 4,439 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol, 11(2), 89-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2006.04.006
Wang, Z., Hou, X., Li, M., Ji, R., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Guo, Y., Liu, D., Huang, B., Du, H. (2022). Active fractions of golden-flowered tea (Camellia nitidissima Chi) inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor mutated non-small cell lung cancer via multiple pathways and targets in vitro and in vivo. Front Nutr, 9, 1014414. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1014414
Xuân, N.A., Tín, N.S.T., Trung, P.M., Chí, H.T., Lý, B.T.K. (2023). Đánh giá hoạt tính gây độc tế bào ung thư bạch cầu K562 của cao chiết methanol từ cây chè nhụy ngắn Camellia kissi. Tạp Chí Khoa học Và Công nghệ - Đại học Đà Nẵng, 21(5), 73-77.
Yusoff, D., Kumolosasi, E., Ali, M., Yap, R., Mohd Fauzi, N., Sabran, A. (2022. Camellia sinensis and Phyllanthus amarus Ethanol Extracts Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Human Leukemic Cell Lines. Sains Malaysiana, 51, 2609-2617. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-20
Zarogoulidis, K., Zarogoulidis, P., Darwiche, K., Boutsikou, E., Machairiotis, N., Tsakiridis, K., Katsikogiannis, N., Kougioumtzi, I., Karapantzos, I., Huang, H., Spyratos, D. (2013). Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Dis, 5 Suppl 4(Suppl 4), S389-396. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.10
Zhou, H., Wang, C. Z., Ye, J. Z., Chen, H. X. (2014). New triterpene saponins from the seed cake of Camellia Oleifera and their cytotoxic activity. Phytochemistry Letters, 8, 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2014.01.006

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nguyen Trung Quan
0000-0002-6436-4693
Vietnam

Tran Thi
0009-0005-6732-2930
Vietnam

Bui Thi Kim Ly
0000-0002-8433-7035
Vietnam

Hoang Thanh Chi ^*
0000-0002-6638-1235
Vietnam

Early Pub Date

June 8, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

September 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 27, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA94LR46WK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Quan, N. T., Thi, T., Thi Kim Ly, B., & Thanh Chi, H. (2026). The augmentation in apoptosis and cell cycle-associated transcriptional gene expression in A549 cells induced by Polyspora huongiana leaves methanol extract. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, Advanced Online Publication. https://izlik.org/JA94LR46WK

AMA

1.Quan NT, Thi T, Thi Kim Ly B, Thanh Chi H. The augmentation in apoptosis and cell cycle-associated transcriptional gene expression in A549 cells induced by Polyspora huongiana leaves methanol extract. Int. J. Sec. Metabolite. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). https://izlik.org/JA94LR46WK

Chicago

Quan, Nguyen Trung, Tran Thi, Bui Thi Kim Ly, and Hoang Thanh Chi. 2026. “The Augmentation in Apoptosis and Cell Cycle-Associated Transcriptional Gene Expression in A549 Cells Induced by Polyspora Huongiana Leaves Methanol Extract”. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, no. Advanced Online Publication. https://izlik.org/JA94LR46WK.

EndNote

Quan NT, Thi T, Thi Kim Ly B, Thanh Chi H (June 1, 2026) The augmentation in apoptosis and cell cycle-associated transcriptional gene expression in A549 cells induced by Polyspora huongiana leaves methanol extract. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite Advanced Online Publication

IEEE

[1]N. T. Quan, T. Thi, B. Thi Kim Ly, and H. Thanh Chi, “The augmentation in apoptosis and cell cycle-associated transcriptional gene expression in A549 cells induced by Polyspora huongiana leaves methanol extract”, Int. J. Sec. Metabolite, no. Advanced Online Publication, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA94LR46WK

ISNAD

Quan, Nguyen Trung - Thi, Tran - Thi Kim Ly, Bui - Thanh Chi, Hoang. “The Augmentation in Apoptosis and Cell Cycle-Associated Transcriptional Gene Expression in A549 Cells Induced by Polyspora Huongiana Leaves Methanol Extract”. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite. Advanced Online Publication (June 1, 2026). https://izlik.org/JA94LR46WK.

JAMA

1.Quan NT, Thi T, Thi Kim Ly B, Thanh Chi H. The augmentation in apoptosis and cell cycle-associated transcriptional gene expression in A549 cells induced by Polyspora huongiana leaves methanol extract. Int. J. Sec. Metabolite. 2026. Available at https://izlik.org/JA94LR46WK.

MLA

Quan, Nguyen Trung, et al. “The Augmentation in Apoptosis and Cell Cycle-Associated Transcriptional Gene Expression in A549 Cells Induced by Polyspora Huongiana Leaves Methanol Extract”. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, no. Advanced Online Publication, June 2026, https://izlik.org/JA94LR46WK.

Vancouver

1.Nguyen Trung Quan, Tran Thi, Bui Thi Kim Ly, Hoang Thanh Chi. The augmentation in apoptosis and cell cycle-associated transcriptional gene expression in A549 cells induced by Polyspora huongiana leaves methanol extract. Int. J. Sec. Metabolite [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;(Advanced Online Publication). Available from: https://izlik.org/JA94LR46WK