Photoperiod-dependent regulation of key triterpenoid biosynthesis genes in Gypsophila arrostii root cultures

Alper Cessur; İlknur Albayrak; Nilgün Göktürk Baydar

Photoperiod-dependent regulation of key triterpenoid biosynthesis genes in Gypsophila arrostii root cultures

Abstract

This study was carried out to examine the effects of different photoperiod regimes on the expression of genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in Gypsophila arrostii root cultures. The responses of squalene epoxidase (SQE), cytochrome P450 716A12 (CYP716A12), and cytochrome P450 72A68 (CYP72A68) genes involved in triterpenoid biosynthesis were investigated under continuous darkness (CD), continuous light (CL), and a 16 h light/8 h dark (16L/8D) photoperiod. Gene expression analyses revealed that the activities of SQE and CYP716A12 varied significantly depending on the photoperiod regime, whereas CYP72A68 expression showed no statistically significant change. Notably, SQE gene activity increased approximately fourfold under CL and 16L/8D conditions, indicating that light exerts a stimulatory effect on the early steps of the saponin biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, the higher activity of CYP716A12 under illuminated conditions suggests that the oxidative modification steps of the triterpenoid backbone can be induced by light. Overall, these outcomes demonstrate that photoperiod plays a crucial regulatory role in plant gene expression and metabolic control. Accordingly, optimizing photoperiod conditions represents an effective biotechnological strategy to enhance the biosynthetic efficiency of targeted secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biochemistry, Plant Biotechnology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Alper Cessur ^*
0000-0002-8320-4142
Türkiye

İlknur Albayrak
0000-0003-3158-3440
Türkiye

Nilgün Göktürk Baydar
0000-0002-5482-350X
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

September 17, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

December 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 22, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA99KA54FG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Cessur, A., Albayrak, İ., & Göktürk Baydar, N. (2026). Photoperiod-dependent regulation of key triterpenoid biosynthesis genes in Gypsophila arrostii root cultures. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, Advanced Online Publication. https://izlik.org/JA99KA54FG

AMA

1.Cessur A, Albayrak İ, Göktürk Baydar N. Photoperiod-dependent regulation of key triterpenoid biosynthesis genes in Gypsophila arrostii root cultures. Int. J. Sec. Metabolite. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). https://izlik.org/JA99KA54FG

Chicago

Cessur, Alper, İlknur Albayrak, and Nilgün Göktürk Baydar. 2026. “Photoperiod-Dependent Regulation of Key Triterpenoid Biosynthesis Genes in Gypsophila Arrostii Root Cultures”. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, no. Advanced Online Publication. https://izlik.org/JA99KA54FG.

EndNote

Cessur A, Albayrak İ, Göktürk Baydar N (September 1, 2026) Photoperiod-dependent regulation of key triterpenoid biosynthesis genes in Gypsophila arrostii root cultures. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite Advanced Online Publication

IEEE

[1]A. Cessur, İ. Albayrak, and N. Göktürk Baydar, “Photoperiod-dependent regulation of key triterpenoid biosynthesis genes in Gypsophila arrostii root cultures”, Int. J. Sec. Metabolite, no. Advanced Online Publication, Sept. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA99KA54FG

ISNAD

Cessur, Alper - Albayrak, İlknur - Göktürk Baydar, Nilgün. “Photoperiod-Dependent Regulation of Key Triterpenoid Biosynthesis Genes in Gypsophila Arrostii Root Cultures”. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite. Advanced Online Publication (September 1, 2026). https://izlik.org/JA99KA54FG.

JAMA

1.Cessur A, Albayrak İ, Göktürk Baydar N. Photoperiod-dependent regulation of key triterpenoid biosynthesis genes in Gypsophila arrostii root cultures. Int. J. Sec. Metabolite. 2026. Available at https://izlik.org/JA99KA54FG.

MLA

Cessur, Alper, et al. “Photoperiod-Dependent Regulation of Key Triterpenoid Biosynthesis Genes in Gypsophila Arrostii Root Cultures”. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, no. Advanced Online Publication, Sept. 2026, https://izlik.org/JA99KA54FG.

Vancouver

1.Alper Cessur, İlknur Albayrak, Nilgün Göktürk Baydar. Photoperiod-dependent regulation of key triterpenoid biosynthesis genes in Gypsophila arrostii root cultures. Int. J. Sec. Metabolite [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 1;(Advanced Online Publication). Available from: https://izlik.org/JA99KA54FG