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Brief Review on Fungal Endophytes

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 288 - 303, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.482798

Abstract

Fungal endophytes are the critical organisms in the environment residing in the plant tissues without showing any harmful effects on its host life cycle. The finding of fungal endophytes in natural habitat has been insufficient due to some non-sporulating and non-culturable fungal endophytes by traditional method. Several investigations on fungal endophytes in plants have resulted in an excessive knowledge of the group. This review emphasis on the biology of fungal endophytes, their discovery, isolation, identification by morphological and molecular methods, production, purification and structure elucidation of the bioactive compounds. 

References

  • [1]. Aditi, M., Arjun, V., Gayathri, M. (2017). A Brief Review on Medicinal Plants from South India, Endophytes and their Antidiabetes Properties. International Journal of Current Research, 9, 1- 4.
  • [2]. Agusta, A., Ohashi, K., and Shibuya, H. (2006). Composition of the endophytic filamentous fungi isolated from the tea plant Camellia sinensis. Journal of Natural Medicine, 60, 268–272.
  • [3]. Ananda, K., Shridhar, K. (2002). Diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots of mangrove species on west coast of India. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 48, 871-878.
  • [4]. Anisworth, C., Sparrow, K., Sussaan, S. (1973). The Fungi? Advanced Treaties, Taxonomic review with keys. Academic Press, New York, USA.
  • [5]. Ashour, M., Hany, Y., Peter, M. (2011). Utilization of agro industrial by products for the production of bioactive natural products from endophytic fungi. Journal of Natural Product, 4, 108-114.
  • [6]. Arun, G., Robert, A., Rajesh, V. (2015). Exploration of endophytic microorganisms from selected medicinal plants and their control potential to multi drug resistant pathogens. Journal of Medicinal Plant Studies, 3, 49-57.
  • [7]. Ananda, K., and Shridhar, K. (2002). Diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots of mangrove species on west coast of India. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 48, 871-878.
  • [8]. Bills, G. (1996). Isolation and Analysis of endophytic fungi fungal communities from woody plants, American Phytopathological Society press.
  • [9]. Bode, B., Bethe, B., Hofs, R., Zeek, A. (2002). Big effects from small changes: possible ways to explore nature’s chemical diversity. Biochem, 3, 619–627.
  • [10]. Bok, W., Noordermeer, D., Kale, S., Keller P., (2006). Secondary metabolic gene cluster silencing in Aspergillus nidulans. Molecular Microbiology, 61, 1636–1645.
  • [11]. Carroll, G., Carroll, E. (1978). Studies on the incidence of coniferous needle endophytes in the Pacific North West, USA. Canadian Journal of Botany, 56, 3034-3043.
  • [12]. De Barry, A. (1879). Die Erscheinung der Symbiose. In: Trubner KJ, ed. Vortrag auf der Versammlung der Nature forscher und Ärtze zu Cassel. Strassburg, Germany, Verlag, 1-3.
  • [13]. Devi, N., Prabakaran, J., Wahab, F. (2012). Photochemical analysis of an enzyme analysis of endophytic fungi from Cantella asiatica. Asian journal of tropical biomedicine, 23, S1280-S1284.
  • [14]. D'Amico, M., Frisullo, S., Cirulli, M. (2008). Endophytic fungi occurring in fennel, lettuce, chicory, and celery-commercial crops in southern Italy. Mycological Research, 112, 100-107.
  • [15]. Dai, W., Zhang, H., Huang, G., Dai, F., Mei, L. (2009). Isolation, Identification, and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from Antiaris toxicaria. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 40, 955-957.
  • [16]. Fisher, J., and Petrini, O. (1992). Fungal saprobes and pathogens as endophytes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). New Phytologist, 120, 137-14.
  • [17]. Garg, N., Meena, A., Nain, J. (2011). Evaluation of physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the root of Bombax ceiba Linn. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 2, 924-926.
  • [18]. Gamboa, A., Bayman, P. (2001). Communities of endophytic fungi in leaves of a tropical timber tree (Guarea Guidonia: Meliaceae). Biotropica, 33-35.
  • [19]. Higgins, L., Arnold, E., Coley, D., Kursar, A. (2014). Communities of fungal endophyte in tropical forest grasses: highly diverse host- and habitat generalists characterized by strong spatial structure. Journal of Biology, 23, 234-241.
  • [20]. Jacob, F. (1985). The true story of penicillin, Dodd Mead and Company, New work.
  • [21]. Jaspreet, N., Ajay, M., Nikita, G., (2011). Evolution of physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies as the root of Bombax ceiba Linn. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and pharmacy, 2, 924-926.
  • [22]. Julia, K. (2009). New Natural Products from Endophytic Fungi from Mangrove Plants- Structure Elucidation and Biological Screening. Heinrich-Heine University. PhD Thesis.
  • [23]. Karmakar, J., and Mukhopadhyay, K. (2011). Study of antimicrobial activity and root symbionts of Hemionitis arifolia. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 17, 199-202.
  • [24]. Keller, P., Hohn, T. (1997). Metabolic pathway gene clusters in filamentous fungi. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 21, 17–2.
  • [25]. Kumanand, T., Meenakshi, S., Paran, B. (2012). Endophytic Fungi occurring in Ipomoea carnea Tissues and their Antimicrobial potentials. International Journal of Brazilian archives of Biology and Technology, 12, 234-243.
  • [26]. Li, J., Zhao, J., Xu, L., Zhou, L., Li, X., Wang, J. (2008). Endophytic fungi from rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 733-737.
  • [27]. Larran, S., Monaco, C., and Alippi, E. (2001). Endophytic fungi in leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 17, 181–184.
  • [28]. Lodge, D., Fisher, J., Sutton, C. (1996). Endophytic fungi of Manilkara bidentate leaves in Puerto-Rico. Mycologia, 88, 733-738.
  • [29]. Lu, H., Xou, W., Meng, C., Hu, J., and Tan, R. (2000). New bioactive metabolites produced by Colletotrichum species an endophytic fungus in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 151, 67-73.
  • [30]. Lv, Y., Zhang, F., Chen, J., Cui, J., Xing, Y., Li, X., Guo, S. (2010). Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with the alpine plant Saussurea involucrate. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 33, 1300-1306.
  • [31]. Mane, R., Shinde, M., Wagh, P., Malkar, H. (2017). Isolation of Endophytic microorganisms as a source of novel secondary metabolite producers against Tuberculosis. International Journal of Science and Research Technology, 3, 1267-1269.
  • [32]. Mane, R., and Vedamurthy, A. (2018). The fungal endophytes: Sources and future prospects. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 6, 121-126.
  • [33]. Mitchell, A., Strobel, G., Hess, W., Vargas, P., and Ezra, D. (2008). A novel endophyte from Ananas ananassoides in the Bolivian Amazon. Fungal Diversity, 31, 37-43.
  • [34]. Mittermeier, R., Meyers, N., Gil, P., Mittermeier, C. (1999). Hotspot: Earth‟s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Ecoregions, Washington DC, CEMEX Conservation International.
  • [35]. Murthy, N., Lakshman, H., Pushplatha, K., Jambagi, R. (2010). Biodiversity of endophytic fungi isolated from selected graminaceous hosts of Mercara region in Karnataka. International Journal of Plant Protection, 3, 335-341.
  • [36]. Nayantara, A., Amrita, S., Rashmi, K., Arun, S., Arun, K., Bhavesh, D., Sheila, R. (2011). Potential antibacterial and antifungal activity of aqueous extract of cynodon dactylon. International Journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 2, 2889-2893.
  • [37]. Pandi, M., Manikandan, R., Muthumary, J. (2010). Anticancer activity of fungal taxol derived from Botryodiploda theobromae Pathogens. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 64, 1, 48-53.
  • [38]. Petrini, O., Müller, E. (1979). Endophyte as Beispiel von Juniperus communis L. Sydowia, 32, 224-225.
  • [39]. Prior, Rene. (2016). New Isolation methods for endophytes based on enzyme digestion. Mycological progress, 3, 1-8.
  • [40]. Raghu, K. (2008). Marine fungal biotechnology: an ecological perspective. Fungal Diversity, 31, 19-35.
  • [41]. Raper, K., Thom, C. (1949). A Manual of the penicillin, Biomedical Press, 34, 278-287.
  • [42]. Rodrigues, R., White, J., Arnold, A., and Redman, R. (2008). Fungal Endophytes: diversity and function area. Tansley review, 23, 1-17.
  • [43]. Rodrigues, K. (1994) the foliar fungal endophytes of the Amazonian palm Euterpe olerace. Mycologia, 86, 376-385.
  • [44]. Sette, L., Passarini, M., Delarmelina, C., Salati, F., and Duarte, M. (2006). Molecular characterization and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from coffee plants. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 1185-1195.
  • [45]. Shankar, B., Shashikala, J., Krishnamurthy, Y. (2008). Diversity of fungal endophytes in shrubby medicinal plants of Malnad region, Western Ghats, Southern India. Fungal Ecology, 1, 89-93.
  • [46]. Smith, S., Tank, D., Boulanger, A., Bascom-Slack, C., Eisenman, K., David Kingery, D., Babbs, B., Fenn, K., Greene, J., Hann, B., Keehner, J., Kelley-Swift, E., Kembaiyan, V., Lee, J., Li, P., Light, D., Lin, H., Ma, C. (2008). Bioactive endophytes warrant intensified exploration and conservation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 66, 45–54.
  • [46]. Stone, J., Petrini, O. (1997). Endophytes of forest trees: a model for fungus–plant interactions. The Mycota, 26, 129–140.
  • [47]. Stone, J., Polishook, J., White, J. (2004). Endophytic fungi. Biodiversity of Fungi, 21, 241–270.
  • [48]. Strobel, G., Daisy, B. (2003). Bio prospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products. Microbiology of Molecular Biology, 67, 491-502.
  • [49]. Suthep, W., Nongluksna, S., Wattana, P., Nuntawan, T., Kannawat, D., Nijsiri, R., and Vithaya, M. (2016). Biology of Fungi. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 20, 265–272.
  • [50]. Suryanarayanan, T., Kumaresan, V. (2002). Endophytic assemblage in young, mature and senescent leaves of Rhizophora apiculate: evidence for the role of endophytes in mangrove community. Fungal diversity, 9, 81-91.
  • [51]. Suryanarayanan, S. (2011). Diversity of fungal endophytes in tropical trees. Endophytes of Tropical Trees. Forestry Sciences Series, 80, 67-80.
  • [52]. Tian, X., Cao, L., Tan, H., Zeng, Q., Jia, Y., Han, W., and Zhou, N. (2004). Study on the communities of endophytic fungi and endophytic Actinomycetes from rice and their anti-pathogenic activities In vitro. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 20, 303-309.
  • [53]. Tiwari, K. (2015). The future products: Endophytic fungal metabolites. Journal of Biodiversity, Bio prospecting and Development, 2, 2-7.
  • [54]. Verma, V., Gond, S., Kumar, A., Kharwar, R., Strobel, G. (2007). The endophytic mycoflora of bark, leaf, and stem tissues of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) from Varanasi (India). Microbial Ecology, 54, 119-125.
  • [55]. Vieira, M., Hughes, A., Gil, V., Vaz, A., Alves, T., Zani, C., Rosa, C., Rosa, L. (2012). Diversity and antimicrobial activities of the fungal endophyte community associated with the traditional Brazilian medicinal plant Solanum cernuum Vell. (Solanaceae). Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 58, 54-66.
  • [56]. Wang, F., Jiao, R., Cheng, A., Tan, S., and Song, Y. (2006). A Antimicrobial potentials of endophytic fungi residing in Quercus variabilis and brefeldin A obtained from Cladosporium species. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 104, 124-134.
  • [57]. Wilson, D., Carroll, G. (1994). Infection studies of Discula quercina, an endophyte of Quercus garryana. Mycologia, 86, 635-647.
  • [58]. Xing, M., Chen, J., Cui, J., Chen, X., Guo, S. (2011). Antimicrobial activity and biodiversity of endophytic fungi in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium thyrsiflorum from Vietnam. Current Microbiology, 62, 1218-1224.
  • [59]. Yuan, Z., Su, Z., Mao, L., Peng, Y., Yang, G., Lin, F., Zhang, C. (2011). Distinctive endophytic fungal assemblage in stems of Wild Rice (Oryza granulata) in China with special reference to two species of Muscodor (xylariaceae). Journal of Microbiology, 49, 15-23.
  • [60]. Zia, U., Sheraz, A., Nazish, V., Sajjad, H., Saima, G., Sabir, K., Pir, M., Shabhum, S. (2012). Nutritional potential and antioxidant activity of Solanum nigrum and Oenothera speciose from Northern area of Pakistan. Internatinal Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical research, 3, 974-979.
  • [61]. Zuccaro, A., Lahrmann, U., Guldener, U., Langen, G., Pfiffi, S., Biedenkopf, D., Wong, P., Samans, B., Grimm, C., Basiewicz, M., Murat, C., Martin, F., Kogel, K. (2011). Endophytic life strategies decoded by genome and transcriptome analyses of the mutualistic root symbiont Piriformospora indica. PLoS Pathogens, 7, 123-129.

Brief Review on Fungal Endophytes

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 288 - 303, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.482798

Abstract

Fungal
endophytes are the critical organisms in the environment residing in the plant
tissues without showing any harmful effects on its host life cycle. The finding
of fungal endophytes in natural habitat has been insufficient due to some
non-sporulating and non-culturable fungal endophytes by traditional method.
Several investigations on fungal endophytes in plants have resulted in an
excessive knowledge of the group. This review emphasis on the biology of fungal
endophytes, their discovery, isolation, identification by morphological and
molecular methods, production, purification and structure elucidation of the
bioactive compounds. 

References

  • [1]. Aditi, M., Arjun, V., Gayathri, M. (2017). A Brief Review on Medicinal Plants from South India, Endophytes and their Antidiabetes Properties. International Journal of Current Research, 9, 1- 4.
  • [2]. Agusta, A., Ohashi, K., and Shibuya, H. (2006). Composition of the endophytic filamentous fungi isolated from the tea plant Camellia sinensis. Journal of Natural Medicine, 60, 268–272.
  • [3]. Ananda, K., Shridhar, K. (2002). Diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots of mangrove species on west coast of India. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 48, 871-878.
  • [4]. Anisworth, C., Sparrow, K., Sussaan, S. (1973). The Fungi? Advanced Treaties, Taxonomic review with keys. Academic Press, New York, USA.
  • [5]. Ashour, M., Hany, Y., Peter, M. (2011). Utilization of agro industrial by products for the production of bioactive natural products from endophytic fungi. Journal of Natural Product, 4, 108-114.
  • [6]. Arun, G., Robert, A., Rajesh, V. (2015). Exploration of endophytic microorganisms from selected medicinal plants and their control potential to multi drug resistant pathogens. Journal of Medicinal Plant Studies, 3, 49-57.
  • [7]. Ananda, K., and Shridhar, K. (2002). Diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots of mangrove species on west coast of India. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 48, 871-878.
  • [8]. Bills, G. (1996). Isolation and Analysis of endophytic fungi fungal communities from woody plants, American Phytopathological Society press.
  • [9]. Bode, B., Bethe, B., Hofs, R., Zeek, A. (2002). Big effects from small changes: possible ways to explore nature’s chemical diversity. Biochem, 3, 619–627.
  • [10]. Bok, W., Noordermeer, D., Kale, S., Keller P., (2006). Secondary metabolic gene cluster silencing in Aspergillus nidulans. Molecular Microbiology, 61, 1636–1645.
  • [11]. Carroll, G., Carroll, E. (1978). Studies on the incidence of coniferous needle endophytes in the Pacific North West, USA. Canadian Journal of Botany, 56, 3034-3043.
  • [12]. De Barry, A. (1879). Die Erscheinung der Symbiose. In: Trubner KJ, ed. Vortrag auf der Versammlung der Nature forscher und Ärtze zu Cassel. Strassburg, Germany, Verlag, 1-3.
  • [13]. Devi, N., Prabakaran, J., Wahab, F. (2012). Photochemical analysis of an enzyme analysis of endophytic fungi from Cantella asiatica. Asian journal of tropical biomedicine, 23, S1280-S1284.
  • [14]. D'Amico, M., Frisullo, S., Cirulli, M. (2008). Endophytic fungi occurring in fennel, lettuce, chicory, and celery-commercial crops in southern Italy. Mycological Research, 112, 100-107.
  • [15]. Dai, W., Zhang, H., Huang, G., Dai, F., Mei, L. (2009). Isolation, Identification, and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from Antiaris toxicaria. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 40, 955-957.
  • [16]. Fisher, J., and Petrini, O. (1992). Fungal saprobes and pathogens as endophytes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). New Phytologist, 120, 137-14.
  • [17]. Garg, N., Meena, A., Nain, J. (2011). Evaluation of physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the root of Bombax ceiba Linn. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 2, 924-926.
  • [18]. Gamboa, A., Bayman, P. (2001). Communities of endophytic fungi in leaves of a tropical timber tree (Guarea Guidonia: Meliaceae). Biotropica, 33-35.
  • [19]. Higgins, L., Arnold, E., Coley, D., Kursar, A. (2014). Communities of fungal endophyte in tropical forest grasses: highly diverse host- and habitat generalists characterized by strong spatial structure. Journal of Biology, 23, 234-241.
  • [20]. Jacob, F. (1985). The true story of penicillin, Dodd Mead and Company, New work.
  • [21]. Jaspreet, N., Ajay, M., Nikita, G., (2011). Evolution of physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies as the root of Bombax ceiba Linn. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and pharmacy, 2, 924-926.
  • [22]. Julia, K. (2009). New Natural Products from Endophytic Fungi from Mangrove Plants- Structure Elucidation and Biological Screening. Heinrich-Heine University. PhD Thesis.
  • [23]. Karmakar, J., and Mukhopadhyay, K. (2011). Study of antimicrobial activity and root symbionts of Hemionitis arifolia. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 17, 199-202.
  • [24]. Keller, P., Hohn, T. (1997). Metabolic pathway gene clusters in filamentous fungi. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 21, 17–2.
  • [25]. Kumanand, T., Meenakshi, S., Paran, B. (2012). Endophytic Fungi occurring in Ipomoea carnea Tissues and their Antimicrobial potentials. International Journal of Brazilian archives of Biology and Technology, 12, 234-243.
  • [26]. Li, J., Zhao, J., Xu, L., Zhou, L., Li, X., Wang, J. (2008). Endophytic fungi from rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 733-737.
  • [27]. Larran, S., Monaco, C., and Alippi, E. (2001). Endophytic fungi in leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 17, 181–184.
  • [28]. Lodge, D., Fisher, J., Sutton, C. (1996). Endophytic fungi of Manilkara bidentate leaves in Puerto-Rico. Mycologia, 88, 733-738.
  • [29]. Lu, H., Xou, W., Meng, C., Hu, J., and Tan, R. (2000). New bioactive metabolites produced by Colletotrichum species an endophytic fungus in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 151, 67-73.
  • [30]. Lv, Y., Zhang, F., Chen, J., Cui, J., Xing, Y., Li, X., Guo, S. (2010). Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with the alpine plant Saussurea involucrate. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 33, 1300-1306.
  • [31]. Mane, R., Shinde, M., Wagh, P., Malkar, H. (2017). Isolation of Endophytic microorganisms as a source of novel secondary metabolite producers against Tuberculosis. International Journal of Science and Research Technology, 3, 1267-1269.
  • [32]. Mane, R., and Vedamurthy, A. (2018). The fungal endophytes: Sources and future prospects. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 6, 121-126.
  • [33]. Mitchell, A., Strobel, G., Hess, W., Vargas, P., and Ezra, D. (2008). A novel endophyte from Ananas ananassoides in the Bolivian Amazon. Fungal Diversity, 31, 37-43.
  • [34]. Mittermeier, R., Meyers, N., Gil, P., Mittermeier, C. (1999). Hotspot: Earth‟s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Ecoregions, Washington DC, CEMEX Conservation International.
  • [35]. Murthy, N., Lakshman, H., Pushplatha, K., Jambagi, R. (2010). Biodiversity of endophytic fungi isolated from selected graminaceous hosts of Mercara region in Karnataka. International Journal of Plant Protection, 3, 335-341.
  • [36]. Nayantara, A., Amrita, S., Rashmi, K., Arun, S., Arun, K., Bhavesh, D., Sheila, R. (2011). Potential antibacterial and antifungal activity of aqueous extract of cynodon dactylon. International Journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 2, 2889-2893.
  • [37]. Pandi, M., Manikandan, R., Muthumary, J. (2010). Anticancer activity of fungal taxol derived from Botryodiploda theobromae Pathogens. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 64, 1, 48-53.
  • [38]. Petrini, O., Müller, E. (1979). Endophyte as Beispiel von Juniperus communis L. Sydowia, 32, 224-225.
  • [39]. Prior, Rene. (2016). New Isolation methods for endophytes based on enzyme digestion. Mycological progress, 3, 1-8.
  • [40]. Raghu, K. (2008). Marine fungal biotechnology: an ecological perspective. Fungal Diversity, 31, 19-35.
  • [41]. Raper, K., Thom, C. (1949). A Manual of the penicillin, Biomedical Press, 34, 278-287.
  • [42]. Rodrigues, R., White, J., Arnold, A., and Redman, R. (2008). Fungal Endophytes: diversity and function area. Tansley review, 23, 1-17.
  • [43]. Rodrigues, K. (1994) the foliar fungal endophytes of the Amazonian palm Euterpe olerace. Mycologia, 86, 376-385.
  • [44]. Sette, L., Passarini, M., Delarmelina, C., Salati, F., and Duarte, M. (2006). Molecular characterization and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from coffee plants. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 1185-1195.
  • [45]. Shankar, B., Shashikala, J., Krishnamurthy, Y. (2008). Diversity of fungal endophytes in shrubby medicinal plants of Malnad region, Western Ghats, Southern India. Fungal Ecology, 1, 89-93.
  • [46]. Smith, S., Tank, D., Boulanger, A., Bascom-Slack, C., Eisenman, K., David Kingery, D., Babbs, B., Fenn, K., Greene, J., Hann, B., Keehner, J., Kelley-Swift, E., Kembaiyan, V., Lee, J., Li, P., Light, D., Lin, H., Ma, C. (2008). Bioactive endophytes warrant intensified exploration and conservation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 66, 45–54.
  • [46]. Stone, J., Petrini, O. (1997). Endophytes of forest trees: a model for fungus–plant interactions. The Mycota, 26, 129–140.
  • [47]. Stone, J., Polishook, J., White, J. (2004). Endophytic fungi. Biodiversity of Fungi, 21, 241–270.
  • [48]. Strobel, G., Daisy, B. (2003). Bio prospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products. Microbiology of Molecular Biology, 67, 491-502.
  • [49]. Suthep, W., Nongluksna, S., Wattana, P., Nuntawan, T., Kannawat, D., Nijsiri, R., and Vithaya, M. (2016). Biology of Fungi. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 20, 265–272.
  • [50]. Suryanarayanan, T., Kumaresan, V. (2002). Endophytic assemblage in young, mature and senescent leaves of Rhizophora apiculate: evidence for the role of endophytes in mangrove community. Fungal diversity, 9, 81-91.
  • [51]. Suryanarayanan, S. (2011). Diversity of fungal endophytes in tropical trees. Endophytes of Tropical Trees. Forestry Sciences Series, 80, 67-80.
  • [52]. Tian, X., Cao, L., Tan, H., Zeng, Q., Jia, Y., Han, W., and Zhou, N. (2004). Study on the communities of endophytic fungi and endophytic Actinomycetes from rice and their anti-pathogenic activities In vitro. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 20, 303-309.
  • [53]. Tiwari, K. (2015). The future products: Endophytic fungal metabolites. Journal of Biodiversity, Bio prospecting and Development, 2, 2-7.
  • [54]. Verma, V., Gond, S., Kumar, A., Kharwar, R., Strobel, G. (2007). The endophytic mycoflora of bark, leaf, and stem tissues of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) from Varanasi (India). Microbial Ecology, 54, 119-125.
  • [55]. Vieira, M., Hughes, A., Gil, V., Vaz, A., Alves, T., Zani, C., Rosa, C., Rosa, L. (2012). Diversity and antimicrobial activities of the fungal endophyte community associated with the traditional Brazilian medicinal plant Solanum cernuum Vell. (Solanaceae). Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 58, 54-66.
  • [56]. Wang, F., Jiao, R., Cheng, A., Tan, S., and Song, Y. (2006). A Antimicrobial potentials of endophytic fungi residing in Quercus variabilis and brefeldin A obtained from Cladosporium species. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 104, 124-134.
  • [57]. Wilson, D., Carroll, G. (1994). Infection studies of Discula quercina, an endophyte of Quercus garryana. Mycologia, 86, 635-647.
  • [58]. Xing, M., Chen, J., Cui, J., Chen, X., Guo, S. (2011). Antimicrobial activity and biodiversity of endophytic fungi in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium thyrsiflorum from Vietnam. Current Microbiology, 62, 1218-1224.
  • [59]. Yuan, Z., Su, Z., Mao, L., Peng, Y., Yang, G., Lin, F., Zhang, C. (2011). Distinctive endophytic fungal assemblage in stems of Wild Rice (Oryza granulata) in China with special reference to two species of Muscodor (xylariaceae). Journal of Microbiology, 49, 15-23.
  • [60]. Zia, U., Sheraz, A., Nazish, V., Sajjad, H., Saima, G., Sabir, K., Pir, M., Shabhum, S. (2012). Nutritional potential and antioxidant activity of Solanum nigrum and Oenothera speciose from Northern area of Pakistan. Internatinal Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical research, 3, 974-979.
  • [61]. Zuccaro, A., Lahrmann, U., Guldener, U., Langen, G., Pfiffi, S., Biedenkopf, D., Wong, P., Samans, B., Grimm, C., Basiewicz, M., Murat, C., Martin, F., Kogel, K. (2011). Endophytic life strategies decoded by genome and transcriptome analyses of the mutualistic root symbiont Piriformospora indica. PLoS Pathogens, 7, 123-129.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Rohit Shankar Mane This is me

Padmaa Milaap Paarakh This is me

Ankala Basappa Vedamurthy This is me 0000-0002-3101-0629

Publication Date December 29, 2018
Submission Date July 28, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Mane, R. S., Paarakh, P. M., & Vedamurthy, A. B. (2018). Brief Review on Fungal Endophytes. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 5(4), 288-303. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.482798

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International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

e-ISSN: 2148-6905