Biological evaluation of Stachys iberica subsp. stenostachya (Boiss.) Rech.f. and Scutellaria orientalis subsp. sosnowskyi (Takht.) Fed. growing in eastern Anatolia
Year 2021,
Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 364 - 375, 26.12.2021
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom, including the genus Stachys and Scutellaria, which are used in many folk medicines throughout the world for the prevention and also the treatment of several disorders. In vitro biological potential of Stachys iberica subsp. stenostachya and Scutellaria orientalis subsp. sosnowskyi were investigated in the current study. The aerial parts of the plants were extracted using different solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol. In addition, infusions of each plant were prepared. The antioxidant potential of the samples was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS assays, ferrous ion-chelating, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was also determined. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to assess the total phenolic content of the samples. The antimicrobial activities of samples were determined by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against seven bacteria and three Candida spp. yeast. According to the findings, the infusion demonstrated significant antioxidant properties, whilst the extracts demonstrated high-to-moderate antioxidant effects. The n-hexane extracts showed higher antifungal activity against C.parapsilosis and C.tropicalis. These outcomes suggest that these two species from Turkey could be employed in the manufacture of phytopharmaceuticals.
Açar, M, & Satıl, F. (2019). Distantes R. Bhattacharjee (Stachys L. /Lamiaceae) Altseksiyonu Taksonları Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı Anatomik ve Mikromorfolojik Çalışmalar. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg, 22(Ek Sayı 2), 282-295. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.562089
Ahmad, V.U., Arshad, S., Bader, S., Iqbal, S., Khan, A., Khan, S.S., Hussain, J., Tareen, R.B., Ahmed, A. (2008). New terpenoids from Stachys parviflora Benth. Magn. Reson. Chem., 46(10), 986-989. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.2277
Akçiçek, E., Fırat, M., & Güner, Ö. (2016). Stachys hakkariensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia (Turkey) belonging to Stachys sect. Olisia. Phytotaxa, 257(2), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.257.2.6
Akkol, E.K., Orhan, I.E., Yeşilada, E. (2012). Anticholinesterase and antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract, ethanol fractions, and isolated flavonoids from Cistus laurifolius L. leaves. Food Chem., 131(2), 626-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.041
Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Karademir, S.E. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52(26), 7970-7981. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
Bahadori, M.B., Zengin, G., Dinparast, L., Eskandani, M. (2020). The health benefits of three Hedgenettle herbal teas (Stachys byzantina, Stachys inflata, and Stachys lavandulifolia)-profiling phenolic and antioxidant activities. Eur. J. Integr. Med., 36, 101134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101134
Bardakci, H., Acar, E.T., Kırmızıbekmez, H. (2019). Simultaneous quantification of six flavonoids in four Scutellaria taxa by HPLC-DAD method. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 29, 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2018.09.006
Baytop, T. (1999). Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey, Past and Present. 2nd ed. Nobel Medical Publishing, Istanbul, pp. 142–144.
Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem., 239, 70 76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
Bibi, Sadeer, N., Montesano, D., Albrizio, S., Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M.F. (2020). The versatility of antioxidant assays in food science and safety-Chemistry, applications, strengths, and limitations. Antioxidants., 9(8), 709. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080709
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2020). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (1997). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard–Second Edition. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
Çiçek, M. (2012). Scutellaria. In: Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Güner, A, Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., & M.T., Babaç, Edits. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, pp. 582-585.
Demirci, B., Göger, F., Özek, G., Duman, H., & Başer, K. H. C. (2016). Essential oil composition of Stachys iberica Bieb. subsp. iberica from Turkey. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, 3(1), 31-34.
Doğan, Z., Ishiuchi, K.I., Makino, T., Saraçoğlu, İ. (2019). Alpha-Pyrone Glycosides from Scutellaria Salviifolia Benth. Turk. J. Chem., 43(3), 972-981. https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1811-58
Ebrahimabadi, A.H., Ebrahimabadi, E.H., Djafari-Bidgoli, Z., Kashi, F.J., Mazoochi, A., Batooli, H. (2010). Composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Stachys inflata Benth from Iran. Food Chem., 119(2), 452-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.037
Elfalleh, W., Kirkan, B., Sarikurkcu, C. (2019). Antioxidant potential and phenolic composition of extracts from Stachys tmolea: An endemic plant from Turkey. Ind. Crops Prod., 127, 212-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.10.078
Ellman, G.L., Courtney K.D., Andress V., Featherstone R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol., 7(2), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
Formisano, C., Rigano, D., Senatore, F., Piozzi, F., Arnold, N.A. (2011). Analysis of essential oils from Scutellaria orientalis ssp. alpina and S. utriculata by GC and GC-MS. Nat. Prod. Commun., 6(9), 1347-1350. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100600932
Frezza, C., Venditti, A., Serafini, M., Bianco, A. (2019). Phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, ethnopharmacology, and nutraceutics of Lamiaceae. Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem., 62, 125-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64185-4.00004-6
Georgieva, Y., Katsarova, M., Stoyanov, P., Mladenov, R., Denev, P., Teneva, D., Plotnikov, E., Bozov, P., Dimitrova, S. (2021). Metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of some species of Genus Scutellaria growing in Bulgaria. Plants, 10(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010045
Gibbons, S. (2005). Plants as a source of bacterial resistance modulators and anti-infective agents. Phytochem. Rev., 4(1), 63-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-005-2494-9
Güner, Ö., Akçiçek, E., & Dirmenci, T. 2021: A new Stachys species from Turkey: Stachys siirtensis (Lamiaceae). Phytotaxa, 516(3), 252–262.
İçen, M.S., Arabaci, T., Kostekci, S., Gürhan, İ. (2016). Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Scutellaria orientalis L. subsp. virens Boiss. & Kotschy JR Edm. from Turkey. Hacettepe J. Biol. Chem., 44(1), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.15671/HJBC.20164417563
Kartsev, V.G., Stepanichenko, N.N., Auelbekov, S.A. (1994). Chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plants of the genusStachys. Chem. Nat. Compd., 30(6), 645–654. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630595
Kaya, A., Demirci, B., Baser, K.H.C. (2001). The composition of the essential oil of Stachys iberica subsp. stenostachya growing in Turkey. Chem. Nat. Compd., 37(4), 326–328. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013762200024
Kocak, M.S., Uren, M.C., Calapoglu, M., Tepe, A.S., Mocan, A., Rengasamy, K.R.R., Sarikurkcu, C. (2017). Phenolic profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Stachys annua subsp. annua var. annua. S. Afr. J. Bot., 113, 128 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.08.005
Koşar, M., Göger, F., Can Başer, K.H. (2008). In vitro antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of Salvia virgata Jacq. from Turkey. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56(7), 2369–2374. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf073516b
Mamadalieva, N.Z., Sharopov, F., Satyal, P., Azimova, S.S., Wink, M. (2017). Composition of the essential oils of three Uzbek Scutellaria species (Lamiaceae) and their antioxidant activities. Nat. Prod. Res., 31(10), 1172 1176. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1222383
Minareci, E., Pekönür, S. (2017). An Important Euroasian Genus: Scutellaria L. Int. J. Sec. Metab., 4(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.282271
Nie, X.P., Qu, G.W., Yue, X.D., Li, G.S., Dai, S.J. (2010). Scutelinquanines A–C, three new cytotoxic neo-clerodane diterpenoid from Scutellaria barbata. Phytochem. Lett., 3(4), 190-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2010.07.004
Orhan, D.D, Özçelik, B., Özgen, S., Ergun, F. (2010). Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of some flavonoids. Microbiol. Res., 165(6), 496 504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2009.09.002
Orhan, I.E., Üstün, O., Şener, B. (2011). Estimation of cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant effects of the leaf extracts of Anatolian Ficus carica var. domestica and their total phenol and flavonoid contents. Nat. Prod. Commun., 6(3), 375 378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100600315
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Biological evaluation of Stachys iberica subsp. stenostachya (Boiss.) Rech.f. and Scutellaria orientalis subsp. sosnowskyi (Takht.) Fed. growing in eastern Anatolia
Year 2021,
Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 364 - 375, 26.12.2021
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom, including the genus Stachys and Scutellaria, which are used in many folk medicines throughout the world for the prevention and also the treatment of several disorders. In vitro biological potential of Stachys iberica subsp. stenostachya and Scutellaria orientalis subsp. sosnowskyi were investigated in the current study. The aerial parts of the plants were extracted using different solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol. In addition, infusions of each plant were prepared. The antioxidant potential of the samples was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS assays, ferrous ion-chelating, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was also determined. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to assess the total phenolic content of the samples. The antimicrobial activities of samples were determined by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against seven bacteria and three Candida spp. yeast. According to the findings, the infusion demonstrated significant antioxidant properties, whilst the extracts demonstrated high-to-moderate antioxidant effects. The n-hexane extracts showed higher antifungal activity against C.parapsilosis and C.tropicalis. These outcomes suggest that these two species from Turkey could be employed in the manufacture of phytopharmaceuticals.
Açar, M, & Satıl, F. (2019). Distantes R. Bhattacharjee (Stachys L. /Lamiaceae) Altseksiyonu Taksonları Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı Anatomik ve Mikromorfolojik Çalışmalar. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg, 22(Ek Sayı 2), 282-295. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.562089
Ahmad, V.U., Arshad, S., Bader, S., Iqbal, S., Khan, A., Khan, S.S., Hussain, J., Tareen, R.B., Ahmed, A. (2008). New terpenoids from Stachys parviflora Benth. Magn. Reson. Chem., 46(10), 986-989. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.2277
Akçiçek, E., Fırat, M., & Güner, Ö. (2016). Stachys hakkariensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia (Turkey) belonging to Stachys sect. Olisia. Phytotaxa, 257(2), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.257.2.6
Akkol, E.K., Orhan, I.E., Yeşilada, E. (2012). Anticholinesterase and antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract, ethanol fractions, and isolated flavonoids from Cistus laurifolius L. leaves. Food Chem., 131(2), 626-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.041
Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Karademir, S.E. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52(26), 7970-7981. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
Bahadori, M.B., Zengin, G., Dinparast, L., Eskandani, M. (2020). The health benefits of three Hedgenettle herbal teas (Stachys byzantina, Stachys inflata, and Stachys lavandulifolia)-profiling phenolic and antioxidant activities. Eur. J. Integr. Med., 36, 101134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101134
Bardakci, H., Acar, E.T., Kırmızıbekmez, H. (2019). Simultaneous quantification of six flavonoids in four Scutellaria taxa by HPLC-DAD method. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 29, 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2018.09.006
Baytop, T. (1999). Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey, Past and Present. 2nd ed. Nobel Medical Publishing, Istanbul, pp. 142–144.
Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem., 239, 70 76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
Bibi, Sadeer, N., Montesano, D., Albrizio, S., Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M.F. (2020). The versatility of antioxidant assays in food science and safety-Chemistry, applications, strengths, and limitations. Antioxidants., 9(8), 709. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080709
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2020). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (1997). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard–Second Edition. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
Çiçek, M. (2012). Scutellaria. In: Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Güner, A, Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., & M.T., Babaç, Edits. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, pp. 582-585.
Demirci, B., Göger, F., Özek, G., Duman, H., & Başer, K. H. C. (2016). Essential oil composition of Stachys iberica Bieb. subsp. iberica from Turkey. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, 3(1), 31-34.
Doğan, Z., Ishiuchi, K.I., Makino, T., Saraçoğlu, İ. (2019). Alpha-Pyrone Glycosides from Scutellaria Salviifolia Benth. Turk. J. Chem., 43(3), 972-981. https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1811-58
Ebrahimabadi, A.H., Ebrahimabadi, E.H., Djafari-Bidgoli, Z., Kashi, F.J., Mazoochi, A., Batooli, H. (2010). Composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Stachys inflata Benth from Iran. Food Chem., 119(2), 452-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.037
Elfalleh, W., Kirkan, B., Sarikurkcu, C. (2019). Antioxidant potential and phenolic composition of extracts from Stachys tmolea: An endemic plant from Turkey. Ind. Crops Prod., 127, 212-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.10.078
Ellman, G.L., Courtney K.D., Andress V., Featherstone R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol., 7(2), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
Formisano, C., Rigano, D., Senatore, F., Piozzi, F., Arnold, N.A. (2011). Analysis of essential oils from Scutellaria orientalis ssp. alpina and S. utriculata by GC and GC-MS. Nat. Prod. Commun., 6(9), 1347-1350. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100600932
Frezza, C., Venditti, A., Serafini, M., Bianco, A. (2019). Phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, ethnopharmacology, and nutraceutics of Lamiaceae. Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem., 62, 125-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64185-4.00004-6
Georgieva, Y., Katsarova, M., Stoyanov, P., Mladenov, R., Denev, P., Teneva, D., Plotnikov, E., Bozov, P., Dimitrova, S. (2021). Metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of some species of Genus Scutellaria growing in Bulgaria. Plants, 10(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010045
Gibbons, S. (2005). Plants as a source of bacterial resistance modulators and anti-infective agents. Phytochem. Rev., 4(1), 63-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-005-2494-9
Güner, Ö., Akçiçek, E., & Dirmenci, T. 2021: A new Stachys species from Turkey: Stachys siirtensis (Lamiaceae). Phytotaxa, 516(3), 252–262.
İçen, M.S., Arabaci, T., Kostekci, S., Gürhan, İ. (2016). Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Scutellaria orientalis L. subsp. virens Boiss. & Kotschy JR Edm. from Turkey. Hacettepe J. Biol. Chem., 44(1), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.15671/HJBC.20164417563
Kartsev, V.G., Stepanichenko, N.N., Auelbekov, S.A. (1994). Chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plants of the genusStachys. Chem. Nat. Compd., 30(6), 645–654. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00630595
Kaya, A., Demirci, B., Baser, K.H.C. (2001). The composition of the essential oil of Stachys iberica subsp. stenostachya growing in Turkey. Chem. Nat. Compd., 37(4), 326–328. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013762200024
Kocak, M.S., Uren, M.C., Calapoglu, M., Tepe, A.S., Mocan, A., Rengasamy, K.R.R., Sarikurkcu, C. (2017). Phenolic profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Stachys annua subsp. annua var. annua. S. Afr. J. Bot., 113, 128 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.08.005
Koşar, M., Göger, F., Can Başer, K.H. (2008). In vitro antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of Salvia virgata Jacq. from Turkey. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56(7), 2369–2374. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf073516b
Mamadalieva, N.Z., Sharopov, F., Satyal, P., Azimova, S.S., Wink, M. (2017). Composition of the essential oils of three Uzbek Scutellaria species (Lamiaceae) and their antioxidant activities. Nat. Prod. Res., 31(10), 1172 1176. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1222383
Minareci, E., Pekönür, S. (2017). An Important Euroasian Genus: Scutellaria L. Int. J. Sec. Metab., 4(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.282271
Nie, X.P., Qu, G.W., Yue, X.D., Li, G.S., Dai, S.J. (2010). Scutelinquanines A–C, three new cytotoxic neo-clerodane diterpenoid from Scutellaria barbata. Phytochem. Lett., 3(4), 190-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2010.07.004
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