Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Unlocking traditional remedy: Gulkand-enhanced mucoadhesive gel for canker sore relief

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 658 - 674
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1417041

Abstract

This study focuses on the development and evaluation of mucoadhesive gel formulations containing different Gulkand and its extract with a specific emphasis on their potential for managing oral health conditions, including the discomforting issue of mouth ulcers. The formulations underwent a thorough analysis, encompassing the assessment of phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant activity, in addition to comprehensive physical, chemical, and pharmacological evaluations to determine their suitability for commercial utilization. Mouth ulcers are a prevalent oral health concern that can cause significant discomfort and inconvenience. In this study, Gulkand extract exhibited remarkable characteristics with its high phenolic content and robust antioxidant activity. It demonstrated rapid drug release, positioning it as a promising new for addressing the immediate relief needs of individuals suffering from mouth ulcers. Conversely, gel formulation showcased a sustained release profile suggesting the potential for longer therapeutic benefits, presents an intriguing option for oral health applications, capitalizing on the antiulcer properties associated with liquorice. An innovative aspect of this study is the compatibility assessment, which employed antioxidant and phenolic content analysis to verify the harmonious interaction between herbal constituents and excipients. This approach introduces novel perspective on compatibility testing, particularly critical for formulations designed to alleviate oral discomfort effectively. Furthermore, stability studies are warranted to be evaluated prior to their potential for commercialization. The present study revealed the promising potential of the prepared mucoadhesive gels in managing not only mouth ulcers but also a spectrum of oral health conditions, holding broader implications for advancements in the field of medicine.

References

  • Abed, N., Cherouat, N.E.H., Mohammedi, H., Rouabah, A., & Rouabah, L. (2019). Characteristics of celiac disease in childhood of eastern Algeria. Advanced Research in Life Sciences, 3(1), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.2478/arls-2019-0003
  • Amin, R.R.H., & Marouf, B.H. (2022). Clinical biomarkers and use of herbal products in gastric injury. Al Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences, 2, 8 15. https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v2i.54
  • Annegowda, H.V., Bhat, R., Yeong, K.J., Liong, M.T., Karim, A., & Mansor, S.M. (2013). Influence of drying treatments on polyphenolic contents and antioxidant properties of raw and ripe papaya (Carica papaya L.). International Journal of Food Properties, 17(2), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2011.631248
  • Aslani, A., Ghannadi, A., & Najafi, H. (2013). Design, formulation and evaluation of a mucoadhesive gel from Quercus brantii L. and Coriandrum sativum L. as periodontal drug delivery. Advanced Biomedical Research, 2(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.108007
  • Baarah, B.T., Khatatbeh, A.E., & Abed, S.A.A. (2017). Ocular, systemic manifestations and efficacy of treatment of behcet’s disease patients at king hussein medical center. Journal of the Royal Medical Services, 24(3), 62–67. https://doi.org/10.12816/0042342
  • Ballen, K., Ahn, K.W., Chen, M., Abdel-Azim, H., Ahmed, I., Aljurf, M., . . ., Riches, M.L. (2016). Infection rates among acute leukemia patients receiving alternative donor hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 22(9), 1636–1645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.06.012
  • Bhatt, D.C., Mitaliya, K.D., Mehta, S.K., & Patel, N.K. (2000). Flowers employed as gulkand in medicine. Advances in Plant Sciences, 13(2), 539 542. https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20013060789.html
  • Bhattacharyya, A., Chattopadhyay, R., Mitra, S., & Crowe, S.E. (2014). Oxidative Stress: An essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiological Reviews, 94(2), 329–354. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00040.2012
  • Bhushan, B., & Her, E.K. (2010). Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with high and low adhesion inspired from rose petal. Langmuir, 26(11), 8207 8217. https://doi.org/10.1021/la904585j
  • Burley, V., Biyani, D., Umekar, M., & Naidu, N. (2021). Medicinal plants for treatment of ulcer: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 9(4), 51 59. https://doi.org/10.22271/plants.2021.v9.i4a.1312
  • Çiçek, H., Kaya, H.S., Kilic, C., Savas, M., & Ravichandran, S. (2022). Medical effects of products obtained from wild rose plant. Journal of Chemistry and Nutritional Biochemistry, 3(2), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.48185/jcnb.v3i2.561
  • Danisman, B., Cicek, B., Yildirim, S., Bolat, I., Kantar, D., Golokhvast, K.S., Nikitovic, D., Tsatsakis, A., & Taghizadehghalehjoughi, A. (2023). Carnosic acid ameliorates indomethacin - induced gastric ulceration in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomedicines, 11(3), 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030829
  • Dudding, T., Haworth, S., Lind, P.A., Sathirapongsasuti, J.F., Tung, J.Y., Mitchell, R., ... Timpson, N.J. (2019a). Genome wide analysis for mouth ulcers identifies associations at immune regulatory loci. Nature Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08923-6
  • Dudding, T., Haworth, S., Lind, P.A., Sathirapongsasuti, J.F., Tung, J.Y., Mitchell, R., … Timpson, N.J. (2019b). Genome wide analysis for mouth ulcers identifies associations at immune regulatory loci. Nature Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08923-6
  • Fascella, G., D’Angiolillo, F., Mammano, M.M., Granata, G., & Napoli, E. (2022). Effect of petal color, water status, and extraction method on qualitative characteristics of Rosa rugosa Liqueur. Plants, 11(14), 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11141859
  • González, G.C., Rugolo, M., Finimundy, T.C., Ohaco, E., Pildain, M.B., & Barroetaveña, C. (2023). Impact of air- and freeze-drying methods on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Fistulina antarctica and Ramaria patagonica Fructification. Applied Sciences, 13(15), 8873. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158873
  • Hajizadeh, H.S., Rezaei, S., Yari, F., & Okatan, V. (2023). In vitro simulation of drought stress in some Iranian Damask rose landraces. Zahradnictví Horticultural Science, 50(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.17221/107/2021-hortsci
  • Jiang, X., Huang, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhang, Z., Shi, X., & Qin, H. (2021). Effects of Lyophilization on the release profiles of 3d printed delivery systems fabricated with carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel. Polymers, 13(5), 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050749
  • Kumar, N., Bhandari, P., Singh, B., & Bari, S.S. (2009). Antioxidant activity and ultra-performance LC-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for phenolics-based fingerprinting of Rosa species: Rosa damascena, Rosa bourboniana and Rosa brunonii. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(2), 361 367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.036
  • Mittal, S., Nagpal, H., Singh, B., Bakshi, R., Aggarwa, A., Deewan, P., … Khosa, I. (2023). Clinical and microiological profile of infective keratitis in a tertiary care hospital in north India. Acta Scientific Ophthalmology, 6(5), 3 10. https://doi.org/10.31080/asop.2023.06.0637
  • Pastorino, G., Cornara, L., Soares, S., Rodrigues, F., & Oliveira, M.B.P. (2018). Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. PTR. Phytotherapy Research/Phytotherapy Research, 32(12), 2323–2339. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6178
  • Proestos, C., Lytoudi, K., Mavromelanidou, O., Zoumpoulakis, P., & Sinanoglou, V. (2013). Antioxidant capacity of selected plant extracts and their essential oils. Antioxidants, 2(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox2010011
  • Qu, X., Yu, C., He, Q., Li, Z., Houser, S. H., Zhang, W., & Li, D. (2022). Effect of the COVID-19 mitigation measure on dental care needs in 17 countries: A regression discontinuity analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890469
  • Rai, S., Subramanyam, G., Kumar, G., & Bhushan, V. (2022). Assessment of oral mucosal lesions among HIV positive transgenders residing in Odisha with and without Antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(11), 7106. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_940_22
  • Rao, N.R., Villa, A., More, C.B., Jayasinghe, R.D., Kerr, A.R., & Johnson, N.W. (2020). Oral submucous fibrosis: a contemporary narrative review with a proposed inter-professional approach for an early diagnosis and clinical management. Journal of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-0399-7
  • Seoudi, N., Bergmeier, L.A., Drobniewski, F., Paster, B., & Fortune, F. (2015). The oral mucosal and salivary microbial community of Behçet’s syndrome and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Journal of Oral Microbiology, 7(1), 27150. https://doi.org/10.3402/jom.v7.27150
  • Shaw, T.K., Mandal, D., Dey, G., Pal, M.M., Paul, P., Chakraborty, S., Ali, K.A., Mukherjee, B., Bandyopadhyay, A.K., & Mandal, M. (2017). Successful delivery of docetaxel to rat brain using experimentally developed nanoliposome: a treatment strategy for brain tumor. Drug Delivery, 24(1), 346–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2016.1253798
  • Ussher, M. (2003). Increase in common cold symptoms and mouth ulcers following smoking cessation. Tobacco Control, 12(1), 86–88. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.12.1.86
  • Yap, T., Philippou, P., Perry, M., Lam, W., Corbishley, C., & Watkin, N. (2011). Nicorandil‐induced penile ulcerations: a case series. BJU International, 107(2), 268–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09463.x
  • Zou, L., Pottel, J., Khuri, N., Ngo, H.X., Ni, Z., Tsakalozou, E., ... Brian K. Shoichet (2020). Interactions of Oral Molecular Excipients with Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, BCRP. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 17(3), 748 756. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00658
  • Zhou, Y., Wang, M., Yan, C., Liu, H., & Yu, D.G. (2022). Advances in the Application of electrospun drug-loaded nanofibers in the treatment of oral ulcers. Biomolecules, 12(9), 1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12091254

Unlocking traditional remedy: Gulkand-enhanced mucoadhesive gel for canker sore relief

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 658 - 674
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1417041

Abstract

This study focuses on the development and evaluation of mucoadhesive gel formulations containing different Gulkand and its extract with a specific emphasis on their potential for managing oral health conditions, including the discomforting issue of mouth ulcers. The formulations underwent a thorough analysis, encompassing the assessment of phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant activity, in addition to comprehensive physical, chemical, and pharmacological evaluations to determine their suitability for commercial utilization. Mouth ulcers are a prevalent oral health concern that can cause significant discomfort and inconvenience. In this study, Gulkand extract exhibited remarkable characteristics with its high phenolic content and robust antioxidant activity. It demonstrated rapid drug release, positioning it as a promising new for addressing the immediate relief needs of individuals suffering from mouth ulcers. Conversely, gel formulation showcased a sustained release profile suggesting the potential for longer therapeutic benefits, presents an intriguing option for oral health applications, capitalizing on the antiulcer properties associated with liquorice. An innovative aspect of this study is the compatibility assessment, which employed antioxidant and phenolic content analysis to verify the harmonious interaction between herbal constituents and excipients. This approach introduces novel perspective on compatibility testing, particularly critical for formulations designed to alleviate oral discomfort effectively. Furthermore, stability studies are warranted to be evaluated prior to their potential for commercialization. The present study revealed the promising potential of the prepared mucoadhesive gels in managing not only mouth ulcers but also a spectrum of oral health conditions, holding broader implications for advancements in the field of medicine.

Thanks

We would like to express our appreciation to the Department of Pharmacognosy at Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy for their support and resources that greatly contributed to the completion of this research.

References

  • Abed, N., Cherouat, N.E.H., Mohammedi, H., Rouabah, A., & Rouabah, L. (2019). Characteristics of celiac disease in childhood of eastern Algeria. Advanced Research in Life Sciences, 3(1), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.2478/arls-2019-0003
  • Amin, R.R.H., & Marouf, B.H. (2022). Clinical biomarkers and use of herbal products in gastric injury. Al Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences, 2, 8 15. https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v2i.54
  • Annegowda, H.V., Bhat, R., Yeong, K.J., Liong, M.T., Karim, A., & Mansor, S.M. (2013). Influence of drying treatments on polyphenolic contents and antioxidant properties of raw and ripe papaya (Carica papaya L.). International Journal of Food Properties, 17(2), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2011.631248
  • Aslani, A., Ghannadi, A., & Najafi, H. (2013). Design, formulation and evaluation of a mucoadhesive gel from Quercus brantii L. and Coriandrum sativum L. as periodontal drug delivery. Advanced Biomedical Research, 2(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.108007
  • Baarah, B.T., Khatatbeh, A.E., & Abed, S.A.A. (2017). Ocular, systemic manifestations and efficacy of treatment of behcet’s disease patients at king hussein medical center. Journal of the Royal Medical Services, 24(3), 62–67. https://doi.org/10.12816/0042342
  • Ballen, K., Ahn, K.W., Chen, M., Abdel-Azim, H., Ahmed, I., Aljurf, M., . . ., Riches, M.L. (2016). Infection rates among acute leukemia patients receiving alternative donor hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 22(9), 1636–1645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.06.012
  • Bhatt, D.C., Mitaliya, K.D., Mehta, S.K., & Patel, N.K. (2000). Flowers employed as gulkand in medicine. Advances in Plant Sciences, 13(2), 539 542. https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20013060789.html
  • Bhattacharyya, A., Chattopadhyay, R., Mitra, S., & Crowe, S.E. (2014). Oxidative Stress: An essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiological Reviews, 94(2), 329–354. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00040.2012
  • Bhushan, B., & Her, E.K. (2010). Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with high and low adhesion inspired from rose petal. Langmuir, 26(11), 8207 8217. https://doi.org/10.1021/la904585j
  • Burley, V., Biyani, D., Umekar, M., & Naidu, N. (2021). Medicinal plants for treatment of ulcer: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 9(4), 51 59. https://doi.org/10.22271/plants.2021.v9.i4a.1312
  • Çiçek, H., Kaya, H.S., Kilic, C., Savas, M., & Ravichandran, S. (2022). Medical effects of products obtained from wild rose plant. Journal of Chemistry and Nutritional Biochemistry, 3(2), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.48185/jcnb.v3i2.561
  • Danisman, B., Cicek, B., Yildirim, S., Bolat, I., Kantar, D., Golokhvast, K.S., Nikitovic, D., Tsatsakis, A., & Taghizadehghalehjoughi, A. (2023). Carnosic acid ameliorates indomethacin - induced gastric ulceration in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomedicines, 11(3), 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030829
  • Dudding, T., Haworth, S., Lind, P.A., Sathirapongsasuti, J.F., Tung, J.Y., Mitchell, R., ... Timpson, N.J. (2019a). Genome wide analysis for mouth ulcers identifies associations at immune regulatory loci. Nature Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08923-6
  • Dudding, T., Haworth, S., Lind, P.A., Sathirapongsasuti, J.F., Tung, J.Y., Mitchell, R., … Timpson, N.J. (2019b). Genome wide analysis for mouth ulcers identifies associations at immune regulatory loci. Nature Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08923-6
  • Fascella, G., D’Angiolillo, F., Mammano, M.M., Granata, G., & Napoli, E. (2022). Effect of petal color, water status, and extraction method on qualitative characteristics of Rosa rugosa Liqueur. Plants, 11(14), 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11141859
  • González, G.C., Rugolo, M., Finimundy, T.C., Ohaco, E., Pildain, M.B., & Barroetaveña, C. (2023). Impact of air- and freeze-drying methods on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Fistulina antarctica and Ramaria patagonica Fructification. Applied Sciences, 13(15), 8873. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158873
  • Hajizadeh, H.S., Rezaei, S., Yari, F., & Okatan, V. (2023). In vitro simulation of drought stress in some Iranian Damask rose landraces. Zahradnictví Horticultural Science, 50(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.17221/107/2021-hortsci
  • Jiang, X., Huang, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhang, Z., Shi, X., & Qin, H. (2021). Effects of Lyophilization on the release profiles of 3d printed delivery systems fabricated with carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel. Polymers, 13(5), 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050749
  • Kumar, N., Bhandari, P., Singh, B., & Bari, S.S. (2009). Antioxidant activity and ultra-performance LC-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for phenolics-based fingerprinting of Rosa species: Rosa damascena, Rosa bourboniana and Rosa brunonii. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(2), 361 367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.036
  • Mittal, S., Nagpal, H., Singh, B., Bakshi, R., Aggarwa, A., Deewan, P., … Khosa, I. (2023). Clinical and microiological profile of infective keratitis in a tertiary care hospital in north India. Acta Scientific Ophthalmology, 6(5), 3 10. https://doi.org/10.31080/asop.2023.06.0637
  • Pastorino, G., Cornara, L., Soares, S., Rodrigues, F., & Oliveira, M.B.P. (2018). Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. PTR. Phytotherapy Research/Phytotherapy Research, 32(12), 2323–2339. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6178
  • Proestos, C., Lytoudi, K., Mavromelanidou, O., Zoumpoulakis, P., & Sinanoglou, V. (2013). Antioxidant capacity of selected plant extracts and their essential oils. Antioxidants, 2(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox2010011
  • Qu, X., Yu, C., He, Q., Li, Z., Houser, S. H., Zhang, W., & Li, D. (2022). Effect of the COVID-19 mitigation measure on dental care needs in 17 countries: A regression discontinuity analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890469
  • Rai, S., Subramanyam, G., Kumar, G., & Bhushan, V. (2022). Assessment of oral mucosal lesions among HIV positive transgenders residing in Odisha with and without Antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(11), 7106. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_940_22
  • Rao, N.R., Villa, A., More, C.B., Jayasinghe, R.D., Kerr, A.R., & Johnson, N.W. (2020). Oral submucous fibrosis: a contemporary narrative review with a proposed inter-professional approach for an early diagnosis and clinical management. Journal of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-0399-7
  • Seoudi, N., Bergmeier, L.A., Drobniewski, F., Paster, B., & Fortune, F. (2015). The oral mucosal and salivary microbial community of Behçet’s syndrome and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Journal of Oral Microbiology, 7(1), 27150. https://doi.org/10.3402/jom.v7.27150
  • Shaw, T.K., Mandal, D., Dey, G., Pal, M.M., Paul, P., Chakraborty, S., Ali, K.A., Mukherjee, B., Bandyopadhyay, A.K., & Mandal, M. (2017). Successful delivery of docetaxel to rat brain using experimentally developed nanoliposome: a treatment strategy for brain tumor. Drug Delivery, 24(1), 346–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2016.1253798
  • Ussher, M. (2003). Increase in common cold symptoms and mouth ulcers following smoking cessation. Tobacco Control, 12(1), 86–88. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.12.1.86
  • Yap, T., Philippou, P., Perry, M., Lam, W., Corbishley, C., & Watkin, N. (2011). Nicorandil‐induced penile ulcerations: a case series. BJU International, 107(2), 268–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09463.x
  • Zou, L., Pottel, J., Khuri, N., Ngo, H.X., Ni, Z., Tsakalozou, E., ... Brian K. Shoichet (2020). Interactions of Oral Molecular Excipients with Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, BCRP. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 17(3), 748 756. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00658
  • Zhou, Y., Wang, M., Yan, C., Liu, H., & Yu, D.G. (2022). Advances in the Application of electrospun drug-loaded nanofibers in the treatment of oral ulcers. Biomolecules, 12(9), 1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12091254
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacognosy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Manoj Madanahalli Ramesh This is me 0009-0009-0104-464X

Annegowda Hardur Venkatappa 0000-0003-1542-6154

Early Pub Date October 8, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date January 9, 2024
Acceptance Date March 17, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Madanahalli Ramesh, M., & Hardur Venkatappa, A. (2024). Unlocking traditional remedy: Gulkand-enhanced mucoadhesive gel for canker sore relief. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 11(4), 658-674. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1417041
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

e-ISSN: 2148-6905