Being highly skilled Russian migrant in Turkey

Abstract

In the last 25 years, thousands of Russians, mostly women, have migrated from Russia to Turkey. These purposes are mainly employment and marriage. Russians, today, cluster in metropolitan cities such as İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir, as well as in touristic cities such as Antalya and Muğla. Due to the restrictions on foreign employment in Turkey, even if majority of Russians hold at least a bachelor’s degree, they are obliged to work in low-qualification jobs and often without social security. As for those Russians who have married a Turk, they resign totally from working life, in order not to face any problem during the years they await gaining citizenship. This study aims at revealing the highly skilled Russian migrants’ experiences in a developing country as Turkey, based on interviews made with the migrants and representatives of transnational Russian migrant institutions in İstanbul.

Keywords

• Turkey,Russian,migrant,highly skilled

References

1. Castles, S. (2006). Guestworkers in Europe: A Resurrection? International Migration Review , 741 – 766.
2. Chiswick, B., Lee, Y ., & Miller, P. (2005). Immigrant Earnings: A Longitudinal Analysis . Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labour, IZA.
3. Cooke, F. L. (2007). Husband’s Career first’: Renegotiating Career and Family Commitment among Migrant Chinese Academic Couples in Britain. Work, Employment and Society , 47 65.
4. Csedő, K. (2008). Negotiating Skills in the Global City: . Negotiating Skills in the Global City: Hungarian and Romanian Professionals and Graduates in London , 803 823.
5. Docquier, F., & Rapoport, H. (2007). Skilled Mi gration: The Perspective of Developing Countries. IZA Discussion Paper No. 2873 , 1 41.
6. Deniz, A . (2015). Being Highly Skilled Russian Migrant in Turkey . International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research , 1 (2 ), 608 615 .
7. Fossland, T. (2013). Crossing borders – getting work: Skilled migrants' gendered labour market participation in Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift Norwegian Journal of Geography , 276 283.
8. Fratesi, U. (2014). Editorial: The Mobility of High Skilled Workers – Causes and Consequences. Regional Studies , 1587 – 1591.

9. Grossmann, V., & Stadelmann, D. (2012). Wage Effects of High Skilled Migration: International Evidence. IZA Discussion Paper No. 6611 , 1 27.
10. Guarnizo, L., & Smith, M. (1998). The Locations of Transnationalism. L. E. Guarnizo, & M. P. Smith içinde, Transnationalism from Below (s. 3 14).
11. New Brunswick: Transaction. Hao, L. (2013). Admission Group Salary Differen tials in the United States: The Significance of the Labour Market Institutional Selection of High Skilled Workers. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 1337 1360.
12. Ho, C. (2009). Migration as Feminisation? Chinese Women’s Experiences of Work and Family in Australia. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 497 514.
13. Iredale, R. (1999). The Need to Import Skilled Personnel: Factors Favouring and Hindering its International Mobility. International Migration , 89 – 123.
14. Iredale, R. (2001). The Migration of P rofessionals: Theories and Typologies. International Migration , 7 24.
15. Iredale, R. (2005). Gender Immigration Policies and Accreditation: Valuing the Skills of Professional Women Migrants. Geoforum , 155 166. Khoo, S. -
16. E., Hugo, G., & McDonald, P. (2008). Wh ich Skilled Temporary Migrants Become Permanet Residents and Why? International Migration Review , 193 226.
17. Koser, K., & Salt, J. (1997). The Geography of Highly Skilled International Migration. International Journal of Population Geography , 285 – 303.
18. Kõu, A ., van Wissen, L., van Dijk, J., & Bailey, A. (2015). A Life Course Approach to High skilled Migration: Lived Experiences of Indians in the Netherlands. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 1644 1663.
19. Lan, P. C. (2011). White Privilege, Language Capita l and Cultural Ghettoisation: Western High Skilled Migrants in Taiwan. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 1669 1693.
20. Larsen, J., Allan, H., Bryan , K., & Smith, P. (2005). Overseas Nurses’ Motivations for Working in the UK: Globalization and Life Pol itics. Work, Employment and Society , 349 – 368.
21. Liversage, A. (2009a). Finding a Path: Investigating the Labour Market Trajectories of High Skilled Immigrants in Denmark. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 203 226.
22. Liversage, A. (2009b). Vital Conjunct ures, Shifting Horizons: High skilled Female Immigrants Looking for Work. Work, Employment and Society , 120 141.
23. Mahroum, S. (2001). Europe and the Immigration of Highly Skilled Labour. International Migration , 27 – 43. Deniz, A. (2015). Being Highly Skilled Ru ssian Migrant in Turkey. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research , 1 (2 ), 608 615
24. Marmo, M., Grigg, B., & Ryder, J. (20 14). Knowledge Transfer and Contemporary High Skilled Mobility Between Italy and Australia. International Migration , 53 59.
25. Mattoo, A., Neagu, I. C., & Özden, Ç. (2006). Brain Waste? Educated Immigrants in the US Labor Market. Madrid: International Congres s on Human Development.
26. Nowak, J. (2009). Gendered perceptions of migration among skilled female Ghanaian nurses. Gender & Development , 269 280.
27. Özden, Ç. (2005). “Educated Migrants – Is There Brain Waste?” . Ç. Özden, & M. Schiff içinde, International Mig ration, Remittances and the Brain Drain (s. 27 245). Palgrave Macmillan. Pecoraro, M. (2011). Gender, brain waste and job education mismatch among migrant workers in Switzerland . International Migration Paper No. 111, ILO. Pessar, P. (1999). Engendering Migration Studies: The Case of New Immigrants in the United States. American Behavioral Scientist , 577 600.
28. Plöger, J., & Becker, A. (2015). Social Networks and Local Incorporation Grounding High skilled Migrants in Two Germa n Cities. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 1517 1535.
29. Purayastka, B. (2005). Skilled Migration and Cumulative Disadvantage: The Case of Higly Qualified Asian Indian Imm i gration Women in the US. Geoforum , 181 196.
30. Scott, S. (2006). The Social Morpho logy of Skilled . Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Migration: The Case of the British Middle Class in Paris , 1105 1129.
31. Smith, M. (2005). Transnational Urbanism Revisited. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 235 244.
32. Thompson, E. (2000). Immigr ant Occupational Skill Outcomes and the Role of Region of Origin Specific Human Capital. Hull, Quebec: Human Resources Development Canada, W 00 8E.
33. Toksöz, G., Erdoğdu, S., & Kaşka, S. (2012). Türkiye'ye Düzensiz Emek Göçü ve Göçmenlerin İşgücü Piyasasındaki Konumları. Türkiye: Uluslararası Göç Örgütü (IOM) . Voigt -
34. Graf, C. (2003). Fijian Teachers on the Move: Causes, Implications and Policies. Asia P acific Viewpoint , 163 174.
35. Widmaier, S., & Dumont, J. (2011). Are Recent Immigrants Different? A New Profile of Immigrants in the OECD Based on DIOC 2005 2006.
36. Yeoh, B., & Huang, S. (2011). Intro duction: Fluidity and Friction in Talent Migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 681 690.
37. Yükseker, H. D. (2003). Laleli Moskova Mekiği: Kayıtdışı Ticaret ve Cinsiyet İlişkileri . İstanbul: İletişim.