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Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze Türk kadınlarının eğitim, sosyal ve siyasal hayattaki durumlarının değerlendirilmesi

Year 2016, , 75 - 86, 03.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279086

Abstract










Türk kadınının tarihsel süreç içerisindeki yeri incelediğinde, ilk önemli
belge olan Orhun kitabelerinde kadının önemi ve değeri saygı ile
anlatılmaktadır. Ancak, zaman içerisinde Arap yada Bizans kültürlerinin
etkisiyle toplumsal yapıdaki değişim ve yaptırımların sonucunda kadın geri
plana itilmiştir. Tanzimat Dönemi ve sonrasında ki süreç içerisinde yapılan
önemli reformlarla Türk Kadınına bir takım haklar tanımış ve toplumdaki
statüsünün sağlamlaştırılmasının da temelleri atılmıştır. 1923 yılında Cumhuriyetin
ilan edilmesinden sonra kadınlar eğitim, sosyal ve siyasal alanlarda pek çok
haklara sahip olmuşlardır.  Örneğin;
1930’da yerel 1934’te genel seçimlerde seçme ve seçilme haklarını elde
etmişlerdir. 1924 yılında Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu ile kız ve erkek öğrenciler
eşit eğitim haklarına kavuşmuştur. 1926’da Türk Medeni Kanunu ile erkeğin
birden fazla kadınla evlenmesi ve tek taraflı boşanması kaldırılmış ve
kadınlara da boşanma hakkı, velayet hakkı tanınmıştır. Bu örnekler kadının
toplumdaki rolünün önemini vurgular nitelikteki kazanımlardandır.  Ancak, Türk Kadını eğitim, sosyal ve siyasal
haklarının kazanımlarındaki başarısını günümüze taşıyamamıştır. Tüm dünyada
yaşanan hızlı toplumsal değişim sonucunda kadın, giderek cinsiyet engelini
aşmakta, aktif işgücü olarak ekonomik ve siyasal hayatta yerini almaktadır.
Türkiye’de ise Tanzimat Döneminden başlayarak özellikle de Cumhuriyetin
ilanından günümüze kadar kadının ekonomik, kültürel ve sosyal gelişimini
artırmak amacıyla yapılan eğitim reformları ve buna bağlı olarak toplumsal
değişmelerle kadının statüsü artırılmaya çalışıldı ise de günümüzde kadının
eğitim düzeyinin istenilen hedeflere ulaşmadığı çalışma yaşamına, siyasal
hayata ve karar mekanizmalarına katılımının yetersiz olduğu görülmektedir.  Bu çalışmada
Cumhuriyetin
ilanından günümüze kadar Türk Kadınlarına verilen haklar gözden geçirilerek,
günümüzde kadınların eğitim, sosyal ve siyasal hayattaki durumlarının
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

An analysis of Turkish women’s status in educational, social and political life since the proclamation of the republic of Turkey until today

Year 2016, , 75 - 86, 03.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279086

Abstract

With regard to analysing When the Turkish Women’s role throughout the historical process analyzed, the importance and value of women was respectfully mentioned in the Orkhon Inscriptions, which are accepted as the first important historical documents. However, in the course of time, women receded into the background by the influence of Arab or Byzantine culture as a result of changes and sanctions in social structure. Turkish women were granted several rights through reforms initiated in Tanzimat era and in the following period, thus the foundation for the reinforcement of their status was laid. After the proclamation of Republic of Turkey in 1923, women gained some rights in educational, social and political areas. For example; they were granted rights to vote and to stand for election in the local election in 1930 and the general elections in 1934. With the acception of the law on Unification of Education in 1924, female and male students gained equal education rights. With new Turkish Civil Law which was enacted in 1926, polygamy and unilateral divorce by men were abolished and women were given the rights to initiate divorce and the custody of children. These examples are the achievements that emphasize the role of women in society.However, Turkish women have failed to keep their success in terms of educational, social and political rights today. As a result of rapid social change in the world, women have started to increasingly overcome difficulties related to their gender and to take their roles in economic and political life as an active workforce. Although the status of woman has been tried to be improved by educational reforms and related social changes introduced for the economic, cultural and social development of women starting from Tanzimat era and particularly from the proclamation of Turkish Republic until today the desired educational level of women has not been reached and the participation of women in work, political life and decision mechanisms has been rather weak. This study aims to review the rights granted to Turkish Women since the proclamation of Turkish Republic and to analyse the present status of women in educational, social and political life.


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Details

Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Esra Ağlı This is me

Hacer Tor This is me

Publication Date January 3, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016

Cite

APA Ağlı, E., & Tor, H. (2016). An analysis of Turkish women’s status in educational, social and political life since the proclamation of the republic of Turkey until today. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 2(1), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279086
AMA Ağlı E, Tor H. An analysis of Turkish women’s status in educational, social and political life since the proclamation of the republic of Turkey until today. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. January 2016;2(1):75-86. doi:10.24289/ijsser.279086
Chicago Ağlı, Esra, and Hacer Tor. “An Analysis of Turkish women’s Status in Educational, Social and Political Life since the Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey until Today”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 2, no. 1 (January 2016): 75-86. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279086.
EndNote Ağlı E, Tor H (January 1, 2016) An analysis of Turkish women’s status in educational, social and political life since the proclamation of the republic of Turkey until today. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 2 1 75–86.
IEEE E. Ağlı and H. Tor, “An analysis of Turkish women’s status in educational, social and political life since the proclamation of the republic of Turkey until today”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 75–86, 2016, doi: 10.24289/ijsser.279086.
ISNAD Ağlı, Esra - Tor, Hacer. “An Analysis of Turkish women’s Status in Educational, Social and Political Life since the Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey until Today”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 2/1 (January 2016), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279086.
JAMA Ağlı E, Tor H. An analysis of Turkish women’s status in educational, social and political life since the proclamation of the republic of Turkey until today. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2016;2:75–86.
MLA Ağlı, Esra and Hacer Tor. “An Analysis of Turkish women’s Status in Educational, Social and Political Life since the Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey until Today”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 2, no. 1, 2016, pp. 75-86, doi:10.24289/ijsser.279086.
Vancouver Ağlı E, Tor H. An analysis of Turkish women’s status in educational, social and political life since the proclamation of the republic of Turkey until today. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2016;2(1):75-86.

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