Research Article
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Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 734 - 750, 22.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.286640

Abstract

References

  • Aaronson, D., Park, K. H., & Sullivan, D. G. (2006). The decline in teen labor force participation. Economic Perspectives.
  • Aaronson, S., Cajner, T., Fallick, B., Galbis-Reig, F., Smith, C., & Wascher, W. (2014). Labor force participation: recent developments and future prospects.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2014(2),
  • Başlevent, C., & Onaran, Ö. (2003). Are married women in Turkey more likely to become added or discouraged
  • Benati, L. (2001). Some empirical evidence on the ‘discouraged worker’effect.Economics Letters, 70(3), 387-395.
  • Blundell, R., Ham, J., & Meghir, C. (1998). Unemployment, discouraged workers and female labor supply. Research in Economics, 52(2), 103-131.
  • Bradbury, K., & Katz, J. (2005). Women's rise: A work in progress. Regional Review, (Q 1), 58-67.
  • Dagsvik, J. K., Kornstad, T., & Skjerpen, T. (2013). Labor force participation and the discouraged worker
  • Fallick, B., & Pingle, J. F. (2007). A cohort-based model of labor force participation.
  • Finegan, T. A. (1981). Discouraged workers and economic fluctuations.Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 35(1),
  • Gürbüz, A. A., Polat, S., & Ulus, M. (2014). In Limbo: Exploring transition to discouragement. European Journal of Development Research, 26(4), 527-551.
  • Hotchkiss, J. L. (2009). Changes in the aggregate labor force participation rate.Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 94(4), I.
  • Humphrey, D. D. (1940). Alleged" additional workers" in the measurement of unemployment. The Journal of Political Economy, 412-419
  • Juhn, C., & Potter, S. (2006). Changes in labor force participation in the United States. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 27-46.
  • Karaoglan, D., & Okten, C. (2012). Labor force participation of married women in Turkey: Is there an added or a discouraged worker effect?.
  • Killingsworth, M. R., & Heckman, J. J. (1986). Female labor supply: A survey.Handbook of labor economics, 1(1), 103-204.
  • Kuch, P. J., & Sharir, S. (1978). Added-and discouraged-worker effects in Canada, 1953-74. The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'Economique, 11(1), 112-120.
  • Lee, G. H., & Parasnis, J. (2014). Discouraged workers in developed countries and added workers in developing countries? Unemployment rate and labor force participation. Economic Modelling, 41, 90-98.
  • Lundberg, S. (1985). The added worker effect. Journal of Labor Economics, 11-37.
  • Maestas, N., & Li, X. (2006). Discouraged workers? job search outcomes of older workers. Job Search Outcomes of Older Workers (October 2006). Michigan Retirement Research Center Research Paper No. WP, 133.
  • McCall, J. J. (1970). Economics of information and job search. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113-126. OECD
  • 1995, ‘’Employment Outlook-Supplementary measures of labor market slack an analysis’’, 7
  • O'Brien, M. (2011). Discouraged older male workers and the discouraged worker effect. Australian Journal of Labor Economics, 14(3), 217.
  • OECD. (1995). Employment outlook. Oecd. Chapter 2 ‘’Supplementary measures of labor market slack an analysis
  • Ondeck, C. M. (1978). Discouraged workers' link to jobless rate reaffirmed.Monthly Labor Review, 101(10), 40-42.
  • Raffe, D., & Willms, J. D. (1989). Schooling the discouraged worker: Local-labor-market effects on educational participation. Sociology, 23(4), 559-581.
  • Rosenblum, M. (1974). Discouraged Workers and Unemployment. Monthly Labor Review, 97(9), 28-30.
  • Van Ham, M., Mulder, C. H., & Hooimeijer, P. (2001). Local underemployment and the discouraged worker effect. Urban Studies, 38(10), 1733-1751.
  • Yılmaz A., 2005, ‘’Unemployed Population in Turkey’’ Fırat University Journal of Social Science, 6
  • Woytinsky, W. S. (1940). Additional Workers on the Labor Market in Depressions: A Reply to Mr. Humphrey. The Journal of Political Economy, 735-739.

Discouraged workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 734 - 750, 22.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.286640

Abstract

This study investigates the trends of and factors
behind discouraged workers in Turkey during the period 1988-2014. According to
ILO (1982), discouraged workers are those who wanted to work, but are not
employed, and not job seekers anymore because they believe there is no work
available for them. In this paper, it is put forward that the number of
discouraged workers in Turkey cannot be ignored. Using data from Turkstat,
World Development Indicators, and Turkish Ministry of Development, locally
weighted (LOESS) regressions are estimated for the possible determinants of
discouragement. The results demonstrate that discouragement increases rapidly
after a certain per capita income threshold is reached. Besides, as
unemployment increases, people are more eager to become discouraged, which is
an expected relationship. Surprisingly, in the recent period of increasing
employment, a rise both in the number and share of discouraged workers is
detected in Turkey. The crisis years (especially 2001) seriously accelerated
discouragement at higher secondary and tertiary school enrolment rates.
Furthermore, discouraged workers increased gradually as services value added
share increased, whereas industrial and agricultural value added shrank.
Urbanization also triggers discouragement. These findings are expected to have
important policy implications for Turkey, which tackles with significant issues
regarding unemployment levels and human capital development.

References

  • Aaronson, D., Park, K. H., & Sullivan, D. G. (2006). The decline in teen labor force participation. Economic Perspectives.
  • Aaronson, S., Cajner, T., Fallick, B., Galbis-Reig, F., Smith, C., & Wascher, W. (2014). Labor force participation: recent developments and future prospects.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2014(2),
  • Başlevent, C., & Onaran, Ö. (2003). Are married women in Turkey more likely to become added or discouraged
  • Benati, L. (2001). Some empirical evidence on the ‘discouraged worker’effect.Economics Letters, 70(3), 387-395.
  • Blundell, R., Ham, J., & Meghir, C. (1998). Unemployment, discouraged workers and female labor supply. Research in Economics, 52(2), 103-131.
  • Bradbury, K., & Katz, J. (2005). Women's rise: A work in progress. Regional Review, (Q 1), 58-67.
  • Dagsvik, J. K., Kornstad, T., & Skjerpen, T. (2013). Labor force participation and the discouraged worker
  • Fallick, B., & Pingle, J. F. (2007). A cohort-based model of labor force participation.
  • Finegan, T. A. (1981). Discouraged workers and economic fluctuations.Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 35(1),
  • Gürbüz, A. A., Polat, S., & Ulus, M. (2014). In Limbo: Exploring transition to discouragement. European Journal of Development Research, 26(4), 527-551.
  • Hotchkiss, J. L. (2009). Changes in the aggregate labor force participation rate.Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 94(4), I.
  • Humphrey, D. D. (1940). Alleged" additional workers" in the measurement of unemployment. The Journal of Political Economy, 412-419
  • Juhn, C., & Potter, S. (2006). Changes in labor force participation in the United States. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 27-46.
  • Karaoglan, D., & Okten, C. (2012). Labor force participation of married women in Turkey: Is there an added or a discouraged worker effect?.
  • Killingsworth, M. R., & Heckman, J. J. (1986). Female labor supply: A survey.Handbook of labor economics, 1(1), 103-204.
  • Kuch, P. J., & Sharir, S. (1978). Added-and discouraged-worker effects in Canada, 1953-74. The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'Economique, 11(1), 112-120.
  • Lee, G. H., & Parasnis, J. (2014). Discouraged workers in developed countries and added workers in developing countries? Unemployment rate and labor force participation. Economic Modelling, 41, 90-98.
  • Lundberg, S. (1985). The added worker effect. Journal of Labor Economics, 11-37.
  • Maestas, N., & Li, X. (2006). Discouraged workers? job search outcomes of older workers. Job Search Outcomes of Older Workers (October 2006). Michigan Retirement Research Center Research Paper No. WP, 133.
  • McCall, J. J. (1970). Economics of information and job search. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113-126. OECD
  • 1995, ‘’Employment Outlook-Supplementary measures of labor market slack an analysis’’, 7
  • O'Brien, M. (2011). Discouraged older male workers and the discouraged worker effect. Australian Journal of Labor Economics, 14(3), 217.
  • OECD. (1995). Employment outlook. Oecd. Chapter 2 ‘’Supplementary measures of labor market slack an analysis
  • Ondeck, C. M. (1978). Discouraged workers' link to jobless rate reaffirmed.Monthly Labor Review, 101(10), 40-42.
  • Raffe, D., & Willms, J. D. (1989). Schooling the discouraged worker: Local-labor-market effects on educational participation. Sociology, 23(4), 559-581.
  • Rosenblum, M. (1974). Discouraged Workers and Unemployment. Monthly Labor Review, 97(9), 28-30.
  • Van Ham, M., Mulder, C. H., & Hooimeijer, P. (2001). Local underemployment and the discouraged worker effect. Urban Studies, 38(10), 1733-1751.
  • Yılmaz A., 2005, ‘’Unemployed Population in Turkey’’ Fırat University Journal of Social Science, 6
  • Woytinsky, W. S. (1940). Additional Workers on the Labor Market in Depressions: A Reply to Mr. Humphrey. The Journal of Political Economy, 735-739.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Oktay Özden

Publication Date March 22, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Özden, O. (2017). Discouraged workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(3), 734-750. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.286640
AMA Özden O. Discouraged workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. July 2017;3(3):734-750. doi:10.24289/ijsser.286640
Chicago Özden, Oktay. “Discouraged Workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 3, no. 3 (July 2017): 734-50. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.286640.
EndNote Özden O (July 1, 2017) Discouraged workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 3 3 734–750.
IEEE O. Özden, “Discouraged workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 734–750, 2017, doi: 10.24289/ijsser.286640.
ISNAD Özden, Oktay. “Discouraged Workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 3/3 (July 2017), 734-750. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.286640.
JAMA Özden O. Discouraged workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2017;3:734–750.
MLA Özden, Oktay. “Discouraged Workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 3, no. 3, 2017, pp. 734-50, doi:10.24289/ijsser.286640.
Vancouver Özden O. Discouraged workers in the Turkish Labor Market:1988-2014. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2017;3(3):734-50.