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China’s Middle East energy policies

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 286 - 292, 03.03.2015
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.106431

Abstract

China overtook the U.S. as the number one oil importer on April 2015 in the world. Up to 1993, China had been oil exporter, but oil and other energy resources have been insufficient by increasing its share in world trade. Also, China has to persist production for sustainable development and keeping its place in world trade. China needs energy resources for sustainable production and stable export policies. Accessing energy resources is the main priority in agenda of Chinese foreign policy. Due to its energy resources and geopolitical location, Middle East has a crucial significance for China’s needs. China considers all sides in a roundtable debates as an instrument and conducts a cautious diplomacy by non intervening domestic affairs of states for easy access to energy resources. For decreasing costs in importing oil and natural gas from Middle East, China arranges armament agreements with oil exporter Middle Eastern states. In this paper, China’s increasing position in region, obstacles for its interest and counter policies will be studied with regards to energy policies in Middle East.

References

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  • Bingbing, W. (2011). Strategy and Politics in the Gulf as Seen from China. B. Wakefield, & S. L. Levenstein(Ed.)China and the Persian Gulf: Implications for the United States(p.20). Washington DC : Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
  • Bilateral Relations between China and Iraq(11 April 2013). Retriveeved from http://iq.chineseembassy.org/eng/zygx/zygxgk/ (10 Augst 2015)
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  • Howell, S. (2009). Jia You! (Add Oil): Chinese Energy Security Strategy. G. Luft, & A. Korin(Ed.)Energy Security Challenges for the 21th Century(p.191). California: ABC Clio
  • Kazemi, A. V., & Chen, X. (26 Nowember 2014). World Financial Review. Retrived from http://www.worldfinancialreview.com/?p=3177 (01 October 2015)
  • Kemp, G. (2010). The East Moves to West: India, China and Asia's Growing Presence in the Middle East. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press
  • Khan, S. A. (Summer 2013). Geo-Economic Imperatives of Gwadar Sea Port and Kashgar Economic Zone for Pakistan and China.IPRI Journal, Vol. XIII, 2, 93
  • Leverett, F., & Bader, J. (2005). Managing China - U.S. Energy competition in the Middle East.The Washington Quarterly, Vol.1, 29, 188
  • Lin, C. (2011). The New Silk Road: China's Energy Strategy in the Greater Middle East. Washington DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy
  • Liu, T. C. (2014, Januray).China's Economic Engaggement in the Middle East and North Africa.FRIDE Policy Brief, 173, 2
  • Malik, H. Y. (2012). Strategic Importance of Gwadar Port.Journal of Political Studies, Vol.19, 2, 57-58
  • Matthews, S. P.China New Energy. Retrived from http://files.bakerbotts.com/file_upload/documents/ChinasNewEnergy.pdf (28 September 2015)
  • Meidan, M. (2014, June-July). The Implication of China's Energy-Import Boom.Survival, Vol.56, 3, 180
  • Mustafa, H. (2014, February 24). China Joins Race to Arm in Iraq. Retrived from http://english.aawsat.com/2014/02/article55329353/china-joins-race-to-arm-iraq (25 September 2015)
  • Neill, A. (2014). China and Middle East.Adelphi Series, Vol.54, 205-211
  • Pan, G. (2008). China’sEnergy Strategy and Primary Role of the Middle East in This Strategy.Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), Vol. 2, 2, 45-72
  • Pant, H. V. (2006). Saudi Arabia Woos China and India.Middle East Quarterly, Vol.13, 4, 45
  • Pederson, J.-G., & Gloystein, H. (2015) China Becomes World's Top Crude Buyer Despite Economy Stuttering. Retrived fromhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/11/china-crude-imports-idUSL4N0XW1TO20150511 (05 Nowember2015)
  • Rubin, B. (1999, March). China's Middle East Strategy. Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol.3, 1, 48
  • Weitz, R. (2012).China-Iraq-Ties-Oil-Arms-and-Influence. Retrived from http://www.sldinfo.com/china-iraq-ties-oil-arms-and-influence/ (18 October.2015)
  • Yao, K. (2007).Devel opment of Sino-Arab Relations and the Evolution of China's Middle East Policy in the New Era.Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies ( in Asia) , Vol.1,1, 3
  • Yetiv, S. A., & Lu, C. (2007, Spring). China, Global Energy, and the Middle East.The Middle East Jornal, Vol.61, 2, 2010
  • Zhang, Z. X. (2011). China’s Energy Security, the Malacca Dilemma and Responses.Energy Policy, No.39, 7612
  • Zhu, Z. (2007, Spring/Summer). Petroleum and Power: China, the Middle East, and the United States. Yale Journal of International Affairs,25-38
  • Ziegler, C. E. (2006, Spring). The Energy Factor in China's Foreign Policy.Journal of Chinese Political Sience , Vol. 11,1, 5-8
Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 286 - 292, 03.03.2015
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.106431

Abstract

References

  • Alterman, J. B. (2011). China and the Persian Gulf: Implications for the United States. B. Wakefield, & S. L. Levenstein (Ed.). The Vital Triangle (pp. 32-33).Washington DC : Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
  • Alterman, J. B. (2013, August). China's Balance Act in the Gulf.CSIS Middle East Programe Gulf Analysis Paper, 5
  • Andrews-Speed, P. (2014). China's Energy Policymaking Processes and Their Consequences. P. Andrews-Speed. M. E. Herberg, L. Zhidong, & B. A. Shobert (Ed.)China's Energy Crossroads: Forging a New Energy and Environmental Balance. (p.204) Washington : National Bureau of Asian Research
  • Bingbing, W. (2011). Strategy and Politics in the Gulf as Seen from China. B. Wakefield, & S. L. Levenstein(Ed.)China and the Persian Gulf: Implications for the United States(p.20). Washington DC : Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
  • Bilateral Relations between China and Iraq(11 April 2013). Retriveeved from http://iq.chineseembassy.org/eng/zygx/zygxgk/ (10 Augst 2015)
  • Feng, C. (2015). Embracing Interdependence: The Dynamics of China and the Middle East.Washington DC: Brooking Institution
  • Harold, S., & Nader, A. (2012). China and Iran: Economic, Political, and Military Relations.RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy, 23
  • Herberg, M. E. (2014). China’s Search for Oil and Gas Security:Prospects and Implications. P. Andrews-Speed, M. E. Herberg, L. Zhidong, & B. A. Shobert (Ed.).China's Energy Crossroads: Forging a New Energy and Environmental Balance(p.21).Washington DC: National Bureau of Asian Research
  • Hongtu, Z. (2010).China's Energy Interests and Security in the Middle East.China's Growing Role in the Middle East: Implications for the Region and Beyond(pp.43-59). Washington DC : The Nixon Center
  • Howell, S. (2009). Jia You! (Add Oil): Chinese Energy Security Strategy. G. Luft, & A. Korin(Ed.)Energy Security Challenges for the 21th Century(p.191). California: ABC Clio
  • Kazemi, A. V., & Chen, X. (26 Nowember 2014). World Financial Review. Retrived from http://www.worldfinancialreview.com/?p=3177 (01 October 2015)
  • Kemp, G. (2010). The East Moves to West: India, China and Asia's Growing Presence in the Middle East. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press
  • Khan, S. A. (Summer 2013). Geo-Economic Imperatives of Gwadar Sea Port and Kashgar Economic Zone for Pakistan and China.IPRI Journal, Vol. XIII, 2, 93
  • Leverett, F., & Bader, J. (2005). Managing China - U.S. Energy competition in the Middle East.The Washington Quarterly, Vol.1, 29, 188
  • Lin, C. (2011). The New Silk Road: China's Energy Strategy in the Greater Middle East. Washington DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy
  • Liu, T. C. (2014, Januray).China's Economic Engaggement in the Middle East and North Africa.FRIDE Policy Brief, 173, 2
  • Malik, H. Y. (2012). Strategic Importance of Gwadar Port.Journal of Political Studies, Vol.19, 2, 57-58
  • Matthews, S. P.China New Energy. Retrived from http://files.bakerbotts.com/file_upload/documents/ChinasNewEnergy.pdf (28 September 2015)
  • Meidan, M. (2014, June-July). The Implication of China's Energy-Import Boom.Survival, Vol.56, 3, 180
  • Mustafa, H. (2014, February 24). China Joins Race to Arm in Iraq. Retrived from http://english.aawsat.com/2014/02/article55329353/china-joins-race-to-arm-iraq (25 September 2015)
  • Neill, A. (2014). China and Middle East.Adelphi Series, Vol.54, 205-211
  • Pan, G. (2008). China’sEnergy Strategy and Primary Role of the Middle East in This Strategy.Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), Vol. 2, 2, 45-72
  • Pant, H. V. (2006). Saudi Arabia Woos China and India.Middle East Quarterly, Vol.13, 4, 45
  • Pederson, J.-G., & Gloystein, H. (2015) China Becomes World's Top Crude Buyer Despite Economy Stuttering. Retrived fromhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/11/china-crude-imports-idUSL4N0XW1TO20150511 (05 Nowember2015)
  • Rubin, B. (1999, March). China's Middle East Strategy. Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol.3, 1, 48
  • Weitz, R. (2012).China-Iraq-Ties-Oil-Arms-and-Influence. Retrived from http://www.sldinfo.com/china-iraq-ties-oil-arms-and-influence/ (18 October.2015)
  • Yao, K. (2007).Devel opment of Sino-Arab Relations and the Evolution of China's Middle East Policy in the New Era.Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies ( in Asia) , Vol.1,1, 3
  • Yetiv, S. A., & Lu, C. (2007, Spring). China, Global Energy, and the Middle East.The Middle East Jornal, Vol.61, 2, 2010
  • Zhang, Z. X. (2011). China’s Energy Security, the Malacca Dilemma and Responses.Energy Policy, No.39, 7612
  • Zhu, Z. (2007, Spring/Summer). Petroleum and Power: China, the Middle East, and the United States. Yale Journal of International Affairs,25-38
  • Ziegler, C. E. (2006, Spring). The Energy Factor in China's Foreign Policy.Journal of Chinese Political Sience , Vol. 11,1, 5-8
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Engin Koç

Publication Date March 3, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koç, E. (2015). China’s Middle East energy policies. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1(1), 286-292. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.106431
AMA Koç E. China’s Middle East energy policies. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. March 2015;1(1):286-292. doi:10.24289/ijsser.106431
Chicago Koç, Engin. “China’s Middle East Energy Policies”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 1, no. 1 (March 2015): 286-92. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.106431.
EndNote Koç E (March 1, 2015) China’s Middle East energy policies. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 1 1 286–292.
IEEE E. Koç, “China’s Middle East energy policies”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 286–292, 2015, doi: 10.24289/ijsser.106431.
ISNAD Koç, Engin. “China’s Middle East Energy Policies”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 1/1 (March 2015), 286-292. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.106431.
JAMA Koç E. China’s Middle East energy policies. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2015;1:286–292.
MLA Koç, Engin. “China’s Middle East Energy Policies”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 1, no. 1, 2015, pp. 286-92, doi:10.24289/ijsser.106431.
Vancouver Koç E. China’s Middle East energy policies. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2015;1(1):286-92.

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