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FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 487 - 496, 01.06.2011

Abstract

Many universities have introduced entrepreneurship education to promote the interest of under graduates to becoming future entrepreneurs. Here, we seek the undergraduates’ perceptions on factors that influence them to entrepreneurial intentions. Based on literature search, we identify validated factors used for predicting entrepreneurial intention. These factors were adapted to explore on students’ perceptions. Survey questionnaires were distributed to four local universities by convenient sampling. A total of 196 valid data were analyzed using Multiple Regressions. The results show entrepreneurial intention was predicted by the need for achievement, family business background, and subjective norms except the desire for independence

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991), “The Theory of Planned Behavior”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.50, No.2, pp.179-211
  • Alsos, G.A., Isaksen, E.J., Softing, E. (2006), “Youth enterprise experience and business start-up intentions”, Paper presented at the 14th Nordic Conference on Small Business Research, Stockholm, May 11-13
  • Basu, A. and Virick, M. ( 2008), “Family business background, perceptions of barriers,
  • http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/files/PPR113.pdf (accessed on 29 September 2010). intentions in Cyprus” Available
  • at: Bird, B. (1988), “Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 442-453.
  • Breen, J. (1998). "Encouraging an enterprising culture in Australia." Available at: www.sbaer.uca.edu/research/icsb/1998/pdf/130/pdf. (accessed 23 September 2010).
  • Chafkin, M. (2007), “Case Study #1: The reluctant entrepreneur”, Available at: http://www.inc.com/magazine/20070701/features-start-up-reluctant
  • entrepreneur.htm (accessed 23 September 2010).
  • Douglas, E. J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2002), “Self-employment as a career choice: attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions and utility maximization”, Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice (Spring), pp.81-90
  • Douglas, E. J., & Fitzsimmons, J. R. (2005), “Entrepreneurial Intentions towards Individual versus Corporate Entrepreneurship”, Paper presented at the SEAANZ 2005, Armidale, NSW.
  • El Harbi, S. (2009), “The Attractiveness of Entrepreneurship for Females and Males in a Developing Arab Muslim Country; Entrepreneurial Intentions in Tunisia”, International journal research, Vol.2, No.3, pp.47-53
  • Engle, R.L., Dimitriadi, N., Gavidia, J.V., Schlaegel C., Delonoe, S., Alvarado, I., He, X.H., Buame, S. (2010), “Entrepreneurial intent: A twelve-country evaluation of Ajzen’s model of planned behaviour”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 35-57.
  • Field, A. (2005), Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 2 London. nd
  • Ed. SAGE Publication, Hansemark, O.C. (1998), “The effects of an entrepreneurship programme on Need for Achievement and Locus of Control of reinforcement”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 28-50.
  • Hansemark, O.C. (2003), “Need for achievement, locus of control and the prediction of business start-ups: A longitudinal study”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol.24, No.2, pp.301-319
  • Itani, H., Sidani, Y.M., and Baalbaki, I. (2009), “United Arab Emirates female entrepreneurs: motivations and frustrations”, Equality Diversity and Inclusion”, An International Journal, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 409-424.
  • Kirkwood, J. (2009), “Motivational factors in a push-pull theory of entrepreneurship”, Gender in Management: An International Journal, Vol. 24 No. 5, pp. 346-364
  • Kolvereid, L., and Moen, O. (1997), “Entrepreneurship among business graduates: does a major in entrepreneurship make a difference?”, Journal of European Industrial Training, 21/4, pp. 154–160
  • Krueger, N. (1993), “The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.18, No.3l, pp.5–21
  • Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D., and Carsrud, A.L. (2000), “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.15, (5-6), pp. 411- 432.
  • Lee, S.H. and Wong, P.K. (2004), “An exploratory study of technopreneurial intentions: a career anchor perspective”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 7-28.
  • Linan, et.al. (2005), “Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels”, 45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association, Paper presented at: Amsterdam, August pp. 23-27.
  • Littunen, H. (2000), “Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 295-309.
  • McClelland, D. C. (1961), “The achieving society”, Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand. Phan, P. H., Wong, P. K. and Wang, C.K. (2002), “Antecedents to entrepreneurship among university students in Singapore: Beliefs, attitudes and background”, Journal of Enterprising Culture, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 151-174.
  • Rauch, A. and Frese, M. (2000), “Psychological Approach to Entrepreneurial Success. A General Model and an Overview of Finding”, In Cooper, C. L. and Robertson, I. T. (Eds.). International Review of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, (Pp. 101-142). Chichester: Wiley.
  • Rosa, P. and Dawson, A. (2006), “Gender and the commercialization of university science: academic frontiers of spinout companies”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 341-66.
  • Sagie, A. and Elizur, D. (1999), “Achievement motive and entrepreneurial orientation: a structural analysis”, Journal of organizational Behavior, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 375-387.
  • Schwarz, E.J., Wdowiak, M.A, Almer-Jarz, D.A., and Breitenecker, R.J. (2009), “The Effects of Attitudes and Perceived Environment Conditions on Students' Entrepreneurial Intent”, Education + Training, Vol. 51 No. 4, pp. 272-291.
  • www.uniguru.com, Malaysia undergraduate Entrepreneurship course. (Accessed 26 March 2010).
  • Turker, D and Selcuk, S.S (2009), “Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of students?” Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 142-59. Van Auken, H, Stephens, P, Fry, F and Silva, J (2006), “Role model influences on entrepreneurial intentions: A comparison between USA and Mexico”, The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 325- 336.
  • Wilson, F., Marlino, D. and Kickul, J. (2004), “Our Entrepreneurial Future: Examining the Diverse Attitudes and Motivations of Teens Across Gender and Ethnic Identity”, Journal of developmental entrepreneurship, Vol.9, No.3, pp.177-197.
Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 487 - 496, 01.06.2011

Abstract

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991), “The Theory of Planned Behavior”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.50, No.2, pp.179-211
  • Alsos, G.A., Isaksen, E.J., Softing, E. (2006), “Youth enterprise experience and business start-up intentions”, Paper presented at the 14th Nordic Conference on Small Business Research, Stockholm, May 11-13
  • Basu, A. and Virick, M. ( 2008), “Family business background, perceptions of barriers,
  • http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/files/PPR113.pdf (accessed on 29 September 2010). intentions in Cyprus” Available
  • at: Bird, B. (1988), “Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 442-453.
  • Breen, J. (1998). "Encouraging an enterprising culture in Australia." Available at: www.sbaer.uca.edu/research/icsb/1998/pdf/130/pdf. (accessed 23 September 2010).
  • Chafkin, M. (2007), “Case Study #1: The reluctant entrepreneur”, Available at: http://www.inc.com/magazine/20070701/features-start-up-reluctant
  • entrepreneur.htm (accessed 23 September 2010).
  • Douglas, E. J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2002), “Self-employment as a career choice: attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions and utility maximization”, Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice (Spring), pp.81-90
  • Douglas, E. J., & Fitzsimmons, J. R. (2005), “Entrepreneurial Intentions towards Individual versus Corporate Entrepreneurship”, Paper presented at the SEAANZ 2005, Armidale, NSW.
  • El Harbi, S. (2009), “The Attractiveness of Entrepreneurship for Females and Males in a Developing Arab Muslim Country; Entrepreneurial Intentions in Tunisia”, International journal research, Vol.2, No.3, pp.47-53
  • Engle, R.L., Dimitriadi, N., Gavidia, J.V., Schlaegel C., Delonoe, S., Alvarado, I., He, X.H., Buame, S. (2010), “Entrepreneurial intent: A twelve-country evaluation of Ajzen’s model of planned behaviour”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 35-57.
  • Field, A. (2005), Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 2 London. nd
  • Ed. SAGE Publication, Hansemark, O.C. (1998), “The effects of an entrepreneurship programme on Need for Achievement and Locus of Control of reinforcement”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 28-50.
  • Hansemark, O.C. (2003), “Need for achievement, locus of control and the prediction of business start-ups: A longitudinal study”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol.24, No.2, pp.301-319
  • Itani, H., Sidani, Y.M., and Baalbaki, I. (2009), “United Arab Emirates female entrepreneurs: motivations and frustrations”, Equality Diversity and Inclusion”, An International Journal, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 409-424.
  • Kirkwood, J. (2009), “Motivational factors in a push-pull theory of entrepreneurship”, Gender in Management: An International Journal, Vol. 24 No. 5, pp. 346-364
  • Kolvereid, L., and Moen, O. (1997), “Entrepreneurship among business graduates: does a major in entrepreneurship make a difference?”, Journal of European Industrial Training, 21/4, pp. 154–160
  • Krueger, N. (1993), “The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.18, No.3l, pp.5–21
  • Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D., and Carsrud, A.L. (2000), “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.15, (5-6), pp. 411- 432.
  • Lee, S.H. and Wong, P.K. (2004), “An exploratory study of technopreneurial intentions: a career anchor perspective”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 7-28.
  • Linan, et.al. (2005), “Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels”, 45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association, Paper presented at: Amsterdam, August pp. 23-27.
  • Littunen, H. (2000), “Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 295-309.
  • McClelland, D. C. (1961), “The achieving society”, Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand. Phan, P. H., Wong, P. K. and Wang, C.K. (2002), “Antecedents to entrepreneurship among university students in Singapore: Beliefs, attitudes and background”, Journal of Enterprising Culture, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 151-174.
  • Rauch, A. and Frese, M. (2000), “Psychological Approach to Entrepreneurial Success. A General Model and an Overview of Finding”, In Cooper, C. L. and Robertson, I. T. (Eds.). International Review of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, (Pp. 101-142). Chichester: Wiley.
  • Rosa, P. and Dawson, A. (2006), “Gender and the commercialization of university science: academic frontiers of spinout companies”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 341-66.
  • Sagie, A. and Elizur, D. (1999), “Achievement motive and entrepreneurial orientation: a structural analysis”, Journal of organizational Behavior, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 375-387.
  • Schwarz, E.J., Wdowiak, M.A, Almer-Jarz, D.A., and Breitenecker, R.J. (2009), “The Effects of Attitudes and Perceived Environment Conditions on Students' Entrepreneurial Intent”, Education + Training, Vol. 51 No. 4, pp. 272-291.
  • www.uniguru.com, Malaysia undergraduate Entrepreneurship course. (Accessed 26 March 2010).
  • Turker, D and Selcuk, S.S (2009), “Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of students?” Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 142-59. Van Auken, H, Stephens, P, Fry, F and Silva, J (2006), “Role model influences on entrepreneurial intentions: A comparison between USA and Mexico”, The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 325- 336.
  • Wilson, F., Marlino, D. and Kickul, J. (2004), “Our Entrepreneurial Future: Examining the Diverse Attitudes and Motivations of Teens Across Gender and Ethnic Identity”, Journal of developmental entrepreneurship, Vol.9, No.3, pp.177-197.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA69YJ66DT
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Xue Fa Tong This is me

David Yoon Kin Tong This is me

Liang Chen Loy This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tong, X. F., Tong, D. Y. K., & Loy, L. C. (2011). FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 3(1), 487-496.
AMA Tong XF, Tong DYK, Loy LC. FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. IJ-SSHS. June 2011;3(1):487-496.
Chicago Tong, Xue Fa, David Yoon Kin Tong, and Liang Chen Loy. “FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 3, no. 1 (June 2011): 487-96.
EndNote Tong XF, Tong DYK, Loy LC (June 1, 2011) FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 3 1 487–496.
IEEE X. F. Tong, D. Y. K. Tong, and L. C. Loy, “FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS”, IJ-SSHS, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 487–496, 2011.
ISNAD Tong, Xue Fa et al. “FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 3/1 (June 2011), 487-496.
JAMA Tong XF, Tong DYK, Loy LC. FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. IJ-SSHS. 2011;3:487–496.
MLA Tong, Xue Fa et al. “FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, 2011, pp. 487-96.
Vancouver Tong XF, Tong DYK, Loy LC. FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. IJ-SSHS. 2011;3(1):487-96.