A Comparison of the Instantaneous Effects of Spinal Manipulation and Mobilization Techniques Applied to L3 Level on Jumping, Agility, and Sprint Speed in Male Volleyball Players

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 88 - 100, 03.09.2024

İlker Can Büyükkırlı , Sefa Haktan Hatık , Emine Büşra Aydın

https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1406916

Abstract

Abstact:
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of manipulation and mobilization treatments to be applied to the L3 segment on sportive performance in order to prevent athletes' performance anxiety and low performance due to competition stress.
Material-Methods: Sixty people between the ages of 18-25 participated in the study. They were randomly divided into 3 groups as manipulation group, mobilization group and control group. After the participants performed the necessary warm-up program, manipulation or mobilization was performed in accordance with their groups. Hip range of motion, lumbar range of motion, T-Test time (seconds), 10-meter sprint time (seconds), vertical jump (cm), horizontal jump (cm) were measured instantaneously before and after the interventions.
Results: There was no significance between the groups in terms of age and height of the participants (p>0.05). The group with the highest mean body mass index and weight was the mobilization group (p=0.05). In the comparision made within the group, the data except vertical jump, hip flexion, hip extension and hip adduction were statistically significant (p<0.05). In the comparison between groups, the data except hip flexion, hip adduction, hip internal rotation and lumbar lateral flexion were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: When we compared the data between the groups, it was seen that the spinal manipulation group was superior to the spinal mobilization and the control group. We are of the opinion that especially pre-competition applications will provide the best benefit for volleyball players.

Keywords

Spinal Manipulation, Spinal Mobilization, Sport Performance, Lumbal, Voleyball

References

• Kılıç, Ö., Maas, M., Verhagen, E., Zwerver, J., & Gouutebarge, V. (2017). Incidence, aetiology and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in volleyball: A systematic review of the literature. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(6), 765-793.
• Valenzuela, P. L., Pancorbo, S., Lucia, A., & Germain, F. (2019). Spinal Manipulative Therapy Effects in Autonomic Regulation and Exercise Performance in Recreational Healthy Athletes A Randomized Controlled Trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 44(9), 609-614.
• Botelho, M. B., Alvarenga, B. A., Molina, N., Ribas, M., & Baptista, A. F. (2017). Spinal Manipulative Therapy and Sports Performance Enhancement: A Systematic Review. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 40(7), 535-543.
• Smith, D. L. (2001). Biodynamic performance and strength through chiropractic. ICA Review, 57(1), 39-42.
• Kelsick, W. E. (2003). The pre-participation examination. Canadian Chiropractor, 8(5), 33.
• Miners, A. L. (2010). Chiropractic treatment and the enhancement of sport performance: a narrative literature review. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 54(4), 210-221.
• Thomas, E., Petrucci, M., Barretti, M., Messina, G., Cavallaro, A. R., & Bianco, A. (2022). Effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment of the pivots on lower limb function in young professional football players. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 32, 1-6.
• Çimenli, Ö., Koç, H., Çimenli, F., & Kaçoğlu, C. (2016). Effect on an eight-week pylometric training on different surfaces on the jumping. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(1), 162-169
• Pauole, K., Madole, K., Garhammer, J., Lacourse, M., & Rozenek, R. (2000). Reliability and Validity of the T-Test as a Measure of Agility, Leg Power and Leg Speed in College-Aged Men and Women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(4), 443-450.
• Fatouros, I. G., Jamurtas, A. Z., Leontsini, D., Taxildaris, K., Aggelousis, N., Kostopoulos, N., & Buckenmeyer, P. (2000). Evaluation of Pylometric Exercise Training, Weight Training and Their Combination on Vertical Jumping Performance and Leg Strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(4), 470-476.
• Johnson, T. E., Brown, L. E., Coburn, J. W., Judelson, D. A., & Khamoui, T. T. (2010). Effect of Four Different Starting Stances on Sprint Time in Collegiate Volleyball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2641-2646.
• Otman, S., & Köse, N. (2016). Tedavi Hareketlerinde Temel Değerlendirme Prensipleri. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitapevi.
• Pickar, J. G. (2002). Neurophysological effects of spinal manipulation. The Spine Journal, 2(5), 357-371.
• Kültür, T., Çiftçi, A., Okumuş, M., Doğan, M., Arıkan Durmaz, Ş., Neşelioğlu, S., & Erel, Ö. (2020). Evaluation of the effect of chiropractic manipulative treatment on oxidative stress in sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 66(2), 176–183.
• Funabashi, M., Nougarou, F., Descarreux, M., Prasad, N., & Kawchuk, G. N. (2016). Lower Limb Neuromuscular Asymmetry in Volleyball and Basketball Players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 42(9), 635-643.
• Gelalis, K. G., Xenakis, T., Gioftsos, G., Dimitriadis, Z., & Sakellari, V. (2017). Spinal mobilization vs conventional physiotherapy in the management of chronic low pack pain due to spinal disc degeneration. Journal of Manual Manipulative Therapy, 25(2), 66-73.
• Hanrahan, S., Van Lunen, B. L., Tamburello, M., & Walker, M. L. (2005). The Short-Term Effects of Joint Mobilizations on Acute Mechanical Low Back Dysfunction in Collegiate Athletes. Journal of athletic training, 40(2), 88–93.
• Turki, O., Dhahbi, W., Padulo, J., Khalifa, R., Ridene, S., Alamr, K., . . . Chamari, K. (2019). Warm-Up With Dynamic Stretching: Positive Effects on Match-Measured Change of Direction Performance in Young Elite Volleyball Players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(4), 528-533.
• Dalrympe, K. J., Davis, S. E., Dwyer, G. B., & Moir, G. (2010). Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance in Collegiate Women Volleyball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(1), 149-155.
• Sanders, G. D., Nitz, A. J., Abel, M. G., Symons, T. B., Shapiro, R., Black, W. S., & Yates, J. W. (2015). Effects of Lumbosacral Manipulation on Isokinetic Strength of the Knee Extensors and Flexors in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind Crossover Trial. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 240-248.
• Pollard, H. P., & Ward, G. (1996). Strength change of quadriceps femoris following a single manipulation of the L3/4 vertebral motion segment. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 21(9), 611-616.
• Ahn, I., & An, H. (2021). Effects of Lumbar Mobilization and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Proprioception and Muscular Strength in Volleyball Players with Chronic Knee Pain. Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research, 12(1), 2279-2285.
• Pickar, J. G., & Bolton, P. S. (2012). Spinal manpulative therapy and somatosensory activation. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22(5), 787-794.
• Niazi, I. K., Türker, K. S., Flavel, S., Kinget, M., Duehr, J., & Haavik, H. (2015). Changes in H-reflex and V-waves following spinal manipulation. Experimental Brain Research, 233(4), 1165-1173.
• Perry, J., & Green, A. (2008). An investigation into the effects of a unilaterally applied lumbar mobilisation technique on preipheral sympathetic nervous system activity in the lower limbs. Manual Therapy, 13(6), 492-499.
• Dervisevic, E., & Hadzic, V. (2012). Quadriceps and hamstring strength in team sports: Basketball, football and volleyball. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 20(4), 293-300.
• Magalhaez, J., Oliviera, J., Ascensao, A., & Soares, J. (2004). Concentric quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic strength in volleyball and soccer players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 44, 119-125.
• Schons, P., Da Rosa, R., Fischer, G., Berriel, G. P., Fritsch, C. G., Nakamura, F. Y., . . . Peyre-Tartaruga, L. A. (2018). The relationship between strength asymmetries and jumping performance in professional volleyball players. Sports Biomechanics, 18(6), 515-526.
• Tsiokanos, A., Kellis, E., Jamurtas, A., & Kellis, S. (2002). The relationship between jumping performance and isokinetic strength of hip and knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors. Isokinetics and Science, 10, 107-115.
• Yapıcı, A. (2016). Evaluation of the relationship between isokinetic strength and field performance in professional male volleyball players. European Journal of Physical Education and Science, 2(6), 15-20.
• Cronin, B., & Hansen, T. (2005). Strength and power predictors of sports speed. The Journal of Strength & Condititoning Research, 19(2), 349-357.
• Dowson, M. N., Nevill, M. E., Lakomy, H. K., Nevill, A. M., & Hazeldine, R. J. (1998). odelling the relationship between isokinetic muscle strength and sprint running performance. Journal of Sports Science, 16, 257-265.
• Olson, E., Bodziony, M., Ward, J., Coats, J., Koby, B., & Goehry, D. (2014). Effect of Lumbar Spine Manipulation on Asymptomatic Cyclist Sprint Performance and Hip Flexibility. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 13(4), 230-238.
• Ganer, N. (2015). Effect of Thoracic Spinal Manipulation on Lower Limb Neurodynamics in Healthy Young Adult: Neural Link to Regional Interdependence. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 10(5), 157-164.
• Sandell, J., Palmgren, P. J., & Björndahl, L. (2008). Effect of chiropractic treatment on hip extension ability and running velocity among young male running athletes. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 7(2), 39-47.
• Villers, J., Cardenas, A., Gipson, T., & Man, E. (2022). The immediate effect of adding lumbar mobilization to a static stretching program on hamstring range of motion: an exploratory study. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 21(2), 253-259.
• Szlezak, A. M., Georgilopoulos, P., Bullock-Saxton, J. E., & Steele, M. C. (2011). The immediate effect of unilateral Z-joint mobilisation on posterior chain dynamics: a randomized controlled study. Manual Therapy, 16(6), 609-613.
• Vieria-Pellenz, F., Oliva-Pascual-Vaca, A., Rodriguez-Blanoco, C., Heredia-Rizo, A., Ricard, F., & Almazan-Campos, G. (2014). Short-Term Effect of Spinal Manipulation on Pain Perception, Spinal Mobility and Full Height Recovery in Male Subjects with Dejenerative Disc Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(9), 1613-1619.
• Pollard, H. P., & Ward, G. (1998). The effect of upper cervical or sacroiliac manipulation on hip flexion range of motion. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 21(9), 611-616.
• Deutschmann, K. C., Jones, A. D., & Korporaal, C. M. (2015). A non-randomised experimental feasibility study into the immediate effect of three different spinal manipulative protocols on kicking speed performance in soccer players. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, 23(1), 1.
• Millan, M., Lebouf-Yde, C., Budgell, B., Descarreux, M., & Amorim, M. (2012). The effect of spinal manipulative therapy on spinal range of motion: a systematic literature review. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, 20(1), 23.
• Griffths, F. S., McSweeney, T., & Edwards, D. J. (2019). Immediate effects and associations between interoceptive accuracy and range of motion after a HVLA thrust on the thoracolumbar junction: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 23(4), 818-824.
• Wiggett, M. (2015). The immediate effect of spinal manipulative therapy on drag flicking performance of field hockey players. DUT Open Scholar.
• Stamos-Papastomos, N., Petty, N., & Williams, J. M. (2011). Changes in bending stiffness and lumbar spine range of movement following lumbar mobilization and manipulation. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapy, 34(1), 46-53.
• Shum, G. L., Tsung, B. Y., & Lee, R. Y. (2013). The immediate effect of posteroanterior mobilization on reducing back pain and the stiffness of the lumbar spine. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(4), 673-679.
• Chesterton, P., Payton, S., & McLaren, S. (2018). Acute effects of centrally- and unilaterally- applied posterior-anterior mobilizations of the lumbar spine on lumbar range of motion, hamstring extensibility and muscle activation. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 1, 1-11.
• Sato, T., Koumori, K., & Uchiyama, P. T. (2012). Preliminary Study of the Immediate Effect of Spinal Segmental Mobilization on Improve Lumbar Range of Motion. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 24(5), 431-434.
• Fiaad, M. N., Elsayed, W. H., NassifTakla, M. K., & Zawahry, A. M. (2020). Effect on mulligan mobilization versus spinal manipulation on management of non-spesific low back pain. Journal of Advance Pharmacy Education & Research, 10(1), 70-75.
• Pollard, H. P., & Ward, G. (1996). Strength change of quadriceps femoris following a single manipulation of the L3/4 vertebral motion segment. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 21(9), 611-616.
• Lauro, A., & Mouch, B. (1991). Chiropractic effects on athletic ability. Journal of Chiropractic Research and Clinical Investigation, 6(4), 84-87.
• Muller, A. (2021). The immediate effect of lumbar spinal manipulative therapy on performance in female field hockey players.
• Alvarenga, B., Botelho, M., Lara, J., Joao, F., & Veloso, A. (2019). Preliminary Feasibility Study to Measure the Immediate Changes of Bilateral Asymmetry After Lumbar Spinal Manipulative Therapy in Asymptomatic AthleteS. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 18(3), 205-212.
• Sandell, J., Palmgren, P. J., & Björndahl, L. (2008). Effect of chiropractic treatment on hip extension ability and running velocity among young male running athletes. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 7(2), 39-47.
• Alhashel, A., Alamri, E., & Sparkes, V. (2018). Effects of the Mulligan sustained natural apophyseal glide (snag) mobilization on trunk muscle activity and vertical jump performance in healthy subjects. Orthopaedic Proceedings, 55, 101.
• Chi-ngai, L., Thomas, C. T., & Chi-Kong, C. (2016). The Effect of Passive Lumbar Mobilization on Hip Flexor Strength-A Pilot Study. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, 10(2), 81-87.
• Costa, S. M., Chibana, Y. E., Giavarotti, L., Compagnoni, D. S., Shiono, A. H., Satie, J. S., & Bracher, E. S. (2009). ffect of spinal manipulative therapy with stretching compared with stretching alone on full-swing performance of golf players: a randomized pilot trial. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 8, 165-170.
• Powers, C. M., Beneck, G. J., Kulig, K., Landel, R., & Fredericson, M. (2008). Effects of a Single Session of Posterior-to-Anterior Spinal Mobilization and Press-up Exercise on Pain Response and Lumbar Spine Extension in People With Nonspecific Low Back Pain. Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal, 88(4), 485-493.
• Corne, L. (2016). The Effects of Lumbar Spine Manipulation Versus Lower Extremity Manipulation on Agility in Asymptomatic Athletes. Johannesburg: ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
• Thomas, E., Petrucci, M., Baretti, M., Messina, G., Cavallaro, A. R., & Bianco, A. (2022). Effects of osteopatic manipulative treatment of the pivots on lower limb function in young professional football players. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 32, 1-6.
• Lin, A. F., Piong, S. Z., Han, W. M., Li, P., Chu, V. K., Chun-Pu, E., & Chu, A. (2023). Unlocking Athletic Potential: The Integration of Chiropractic Care into the Sports Industry and Its Impact on the Performance and Health of Athletes and Economic Growth in China and Hong Kong. Cureus, 15(4).