Growing Cities and Subnational Hydropolitics

Abstract

Abstract Although academia doesn't expect water wars in the 21st Century, we should be ready to prevent the water conflicts between provinces at the subnational level. This is not only because %60 of the world population will live in urban and metropolitan areas when we reach the year 2050 but also because of a lack of visionary approach and adequate governance arrangements to prevent and resolve conflicts over water use. In addition to these two effects when we count on climate change effects on water resources it means that we are moving towards stronger water conflicts at different levels compared with the 20th Century. Increasing sub-national water conflict between cities and federal states is mainly driven by decentralization policies and climate change effects on shared water resources. The role of growing metropolitans in water management is increased worldwide as a result of decentralization. Our past experiences in Turkey and ongoing low-level conflicts are also pointing out that this issue will need more attention from now on. In this article, we aim to focus on growing water conflicts between sub-national actors, including municipalities, states, and provinces. We also aim to define some existing conflicts that need innovative sub-national hydropolitics while potential growing conflict needs to preventive measures.

Keywords

• Growing cities,Subnational Hydropolitics,Water shortage

References

1. References.
2. Capodaglio G.A.at al (2016) “New paradigms in urban water management for conservation and sustainability. Water Practice & Technology Vol 11 No 1 2016 IWA Publishing 2016
3. Florke M, Schneider Cand, McDonald R I (2018) Water competition between cities and agriculture driven by climate change and urban growth Nat. Sustainability 1, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-017-0006-8
4. Garrick D. at al (2019)” Rural water for thirsty cities: a systematic review of water reallocation from rural to urban regions” Environ. Res. Lett. 14 (2019) 043003 11.April 2019
5. Jalouqa, Kamal (2015) “Stormwater Management in Greater Amman” lecture notes, Jordanian Engineers Association, Amman, Jordan.
6. Kjellén M.(2019) Senior Water Advisor, UNDP” Climate Change Reveals Underlying Threats to Urban Water” available at https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/blog/2019/climate-change-reveals-underlying-threats-to-urban-water.html
7. Libecap G. D. (2009) Chinatown revisited: Owens Valley and Los Angeles —Bargaining costs and fairness perceptions of the first major water rights exchange J. Law Econ. Organ. 25 311–38.
8. Moore S. (2018) “Subnational Hydropolitics “ Oxford University Press

9. Moore S. (2018) “The Water Wars Within Preventing Subnational Water Conflicts”.May 30, 2018, New Security. Available at: https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2018/05/water-wars-within-preventing-subnational-water-conflicts/
10. Mitlin, D., V.A. Beard, D. Satterthwaite, and J. Du. (2019). "Unaffordable and Undrinkable: Rethinking Urban Water Access in the Global South." Working Paper. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at www. citiesforall.org.
11. Mancilla García, M., J. Hileman, Ö. Bodin, A. Nilsson, and P. R. Jacobi. (2019). The unique role of municipalities in integrated watershed governance arrangements: a new research frontier. Ecology and Society 24(1):28.https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10793-240128
12. Newig, J., D. Schulz, and N. W. Jager. (2016). Disentangling puzzles of spatial scales and participation in environmental governance —the case of governance re-scaling through the European Water Framework Directive. Environmental Management 58:998-1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0753-8
13. Peter Newborne, (2016) « Water for cities and rural areas in contexts of climate variability: assessing paths to shared prosperity – the example of Burkina Faso », Field Actions Science Reports [Online], Special Issue 14 | 2016, Online since 15 April 2016, connection on 30 April 2019. URL : Http:// journals.openedition.org/factsreports/4042
14. Sarni W., Webb R., Cross K., Glotzbach R. (2019) “Digital Water. Industry leaders chart the transformation journey” the International Water Association and Xylem Inc.
15. Xiang Zhanga at al (2019) “Urban drought challenge to 2030 sustainable development goals.” Science of The Total Environment Volume 693, 25 November 2019, 133536
16. Zarghami M. (2015) Water diplomacy between two cities: What about the Colorado River? Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/water-diplomacy-between-two-cities-waht-colorado-river-mahdi-zarghami/