Popülizmi Tanımlamak: Olguya Farklı Yaklaşımlara İlişkin bir Değerlendirme

Year 2024, , 786 - 802, 31.10.2024

Melik Karagöz

https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.1454709

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okuyucuya literatürdeki farklı popülizm yaklaşımlarına ilişkin genel bilgi vermek ve bu yaklaşımlara dair kapsamlı bir tartışma ve karşılaştırma olanağı sunmaktır. Bu amaçla, bu çalışma karşılaştırmalı bir yöntemle literatürdeki farklı ve en çok kullanılan popülizm yaklaşımlarının teorik bir incelemesini gerçekleştirmekte ve her birinin belirli bir popülizm vakasını açıklayabilme konusunda güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini tartışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ifade edilmelidir ki her bir yaklaşımın yöntemsel avantajları olmakla birlikte, hiçbiri belli bir popülizm olgusunu bütün yönleriyle açıklayamamaktadır. Bu nedenle belli bir popülizm olgusunu açıklamada sabit bir yaklaşım benimsemekten ziyade, farklı yaklaşımların açıklayıcı niteliklerinden bir arada faydalanmak, kapsamlı analitik değerlendirme olanakları sunabilecek ve tek bir yaklaşıma odaklanarak incelenen olgunun farklı boyutlarını gözden kaçırma riskini azaltacaktır. Sonuç olarak popülizmi açıklamaya koyulan ve özellikle son yıllarda sıkça kullanılan yaklaşımlar kendi başlarına mükemmel olmaktan oldukça uzaktır. Bu sebeple olgular açıklanmaya çalışılırken eklektik bir yaklaşımı benimsemek popülizmin esnek doğasına uygun olacak, analiz edilen olgunun sadece belirli yönlerine odaklanmaktan ziyade, olgunun olabildiğince fazla boyutunu açıklama kapasitesini arttıracaktır.

Keywords

Popülizm, popülizm yaklaşımları, ideolojik yaklaşım, politik-stratejik yaklaşım, sosyo-kültürel yaklaşım.

Defining Populism: An Evaluation Regarding the Different Approaches to the Phenomenon

Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide the reader with an overview of the different populism approaches in the literature and to offer a comprehensive discussion and comparison of these approaches. To this end, this study provides a theoretical review of the different and most widely used populism approaches in the literature and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of them in a comparative manner. In this context, it should be noted that although each approach has methodological advantages, none of them can explain a particular populism phenomenon in its entirety. Therefore, rather than adopting a fixed approach in explaining a particular populism phenomenon, utilizing the explanatory qualities of different approaches together will provide comprehensive analytical evaluation opportunities and reduce the risk of overlooking different dimensions of the phenomenon under scrutiny by focusing on a single approach. In conclusion, the approaches to explain populism, which have been frequently used in recent years, are far from being perfect on their own. For this reason, adopting an eclectic approach when trying to explain phenomena will be in line with the flexible nature of populism and will increase the capacity to explain as many dimensions of the phenomenon as possible, rather than focusing only on certain aspects of the phenomenon being analyzed.

Keywords

Populism, populism approaches, ideational approach, political-strategical approach, socio-cultural approach.

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