Neoliberalizm Altında Yeni Kalkınmacılık: Brezilya Örneği

Year 2024, , 573 - 589, 31.10.2024

Sıla Demirörs

https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.1480371

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Brezilya'nın 2003 ve 2016 yılları arasında Brezilya İşçi Partisi yönetimindeki sosyoekonomik politikaların ve büyüme modellerinin kapsamlı bir analizini sunmaktadır. Bu süreçte uygulanan iki temel büyüme modeli incelenmektedir: birincil emtia ihracatına dayalı ve iç tüketime dayalı büyüme modelleri. Resmi istatistiklerden ve ikincil kaynaklardan yararlanılarak birincil emtia ihracatının 2006 yılına kadar Brezilya'da ekonomik büyümenin arkasındaki itici güç olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca, 2006 yılından sonra da Brezilya'daki birincil emtia ürünlerine artan talebin devam etmesinden ötürü hafriyatçı sektörlerin cari işlemler dengesinin korunmasını ve sosyal politikaların uygulanmasını desteklediği gösterilmiştir. Ancak Brezilya'da 2006 sonrası dönemde büyüme dinamikleri içerisinde iç tüketimin ağırlığının arttığı görüldü. Bu, esas olarak sosyal transferlerin ve gelir dağılımı programlarının genişletilmesinden, artan istihdamdan ve asgari ücretlerin arttırılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Çalışma, Brezilya'nın kapsayıcı büyüme modelinin yurt içi birikimin yabancı sermaye girişlerine ve dış talebe güçlü bağımlılığı nedeniyle sürdürülebilir olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Neoliberalizm, yeni kalkınmacılık, hafriyatçılık, kapsayıcı büyüme.

New Developmentalism Under Neoliberalism: The Case of Brazil

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Brazil's socioeconomic policies and growth models under the Brazilian Workers Party from 2003 to 2016. It examines two key growth models implemented in this process: namely, primary-export led and domestic consumption-oriented growth models. By utilizing official statistics and secondary sources, it shows that primary exports were the driving force behind economic growth in Brazil until 2006. It also indicates that after 2006, despite not being the main facilitator of economic growth, the exporting sectors continued to support the current account balance in Brazil, thanks to increasing global demand and prices for Brazilian primary commodities. Nevertheless, the post-2006 period in Brazil witnessed an increasing weight of domestic consumption in growth dynamics. This mainly results from expanding social transfers and income distribution programs, growing employment, and increasing minimum wages. The study demonstrates that Brazil's inclusive growth model was not sustainable due to the strong dependence of domestic accumulation on foreign capital inflows and external demand.

Keywords

Neoliberalism, neodevelopmentalism, extractivism, reprimarization, inclusive growth.

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