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COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution

Year 2021, , 262 - 270, 28.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.844714

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the burden of treatment costs of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 on the Social Security Institution (SSI) and determinants of COVID-19 treatment costs. This research is a retrospective study. The study examined 389 patient files that were admitted to a public hospital in Turkey with the diagnosis of COVID-19. In the study, age, unit of hospitalization, gender, the average hospitalization time, chronic disease and invoice amounts were evaluated. The average invoice amount for each patient was calculated as $653.03. The average length of stay is 5.38 days and the average daily invoice amount per person is $121.37. Independent variables of age, hospitalization unit (service, intensive care unit), chronic disease (yes, no) and average hospitalization time (day) accounted for 79.3% of the change in the cost of treatment for COVID-19. As a result, it can be said that the cost of treatment for COVID-19 is quite high, the costs of treatment will increase depending on the number of patients receiving treatment for COVID-19, and it can be a significant financial burden on SSI.

References

  • Anoushiravani, A.A., O'Connor, C.M., DiCaprio, M.R. and Iorio, R. (2020). Economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis: An orthopaedic perspective. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, (102), 937-41
  • Bartsch, S.M., Ferguson, M.C., McKinnell, J.A., O'Shea, K.J., Wedlock, P.T., Siegmund, S.S. and Lee, B.Y. (2020). The potential health care costs and resource use associated with COVID-19 in the United States: A simulation estimate of the direct medical costs and health care resource use associated with COVID-19 infections in the United States. Health Affairs, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00426
  • Beyhun, N.E. and Çilingiroğlu, N. (2004). Hastalık maliyeti ve astım. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi, 52(4), 386-392
  • Bonaccorsi, G., Pierri, F., Cinelli, M., Flori, A., Galeazzi, A., Porcelli, F., ... and Pammolli, F. (2020). Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(27), 15530-15535
  • Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (2020, 13 Ekim). Gösterge Niteliğindeki Merkez Bankası Kurları. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/kurlar/kurlar_tr.html
  • Di Gennaro, F., Pizzol, D., Marotta, C., Antunes, M., Racalbuto, V., Veronese, N. and Smith, L. (2020). Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) current status and future perspectives: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2690. doi: 10.3390 / ijerph17082690
  • Sağlık Bakanı Koca: Türkiye'de ilk koronavirüs (Covid-19) vakası tespit edildi. (2020, 15 Nisan). Euronews. https://tr.euronews.com/2020/03/10/sagl-k-bakan-koca-koronavirus-covid-19-salg-n-ile-ilgili-ac-klama-yap-yor
  • Glied, S. and Levy, H. (2020). The potential effects of coronavirus on national health expenditures. Jama, 323(20), 2001-2002
  • Guo, Y.R., Cao, Q.D., Hong, Z.S., Tan, Y.Y., Chen, S.D., Jin, H.J., ... and Yan, Y. (2020). The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status. Military Medical Research, 7(1), 1-10
  • İşlek, E., Özatkan, Y., Bilir, M.K., Arı, H.O., Çelik, H. and Yıldırım, H.H. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi yönetiminde Türkiye örneği: Sağlık politikası uygulamaları ve stratejileri. TÜSPE Yayınları
  • Kooraki, S., Hosseiny, M., Myers, L. and Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: What the department of radiology should know. Journal of The American College of Radiology, (7) 447-451
  • Lai, C.C., Shih, T.P., Ko, W.C., Tang, H.J. and Hsueh, P.R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The Epidemic and the Challenges. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(3) 1-9
  • Lake, M.A. (2020). What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research. Clinical Medicine, 20(2): 124-127
  • Lazzerini, M. and Putoto, G. (2020). COVID-19 in Italy: Momentous decisions and many uncertainties. The Lancet Global Health, 8(5), e641-e642
  • Martin, A., Markhvida, M., Hallegatte, S., and Walsh, B. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 on household consumption and poverty. Economics of disasters and climate change, 4(3), 453-479
  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., ... and Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193
  • Nishiura, H., Kobayashi, T., Miyama, T., Suzuki, A., Jung, S.M., Hayashi, K., ... and Linton, N.M. (2020). Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19). International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 94, 154-155
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health (2020, 9 Ekim). Genel Koronavirüs Tablosu. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html
  • Sandalcı, U. and Tuncer, G. (2020). Obezitenin doğrudan ve dolaylı maliyetlerine ilişkin bir değerlendirme. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 29-44.
  • Social Security Institution (SSI) (2020). Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Başkanlığı. (Accessed 13.10.2020), http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/sgk/tr/kurumsal/kurumumuz
  • The Guardian (2020). Coronavirus outbreak. UK Coronavirus Crisis' to Last Until Spring 2021 and Could See 7.9m Hospitalised. (Accessed 05.10.2020), https://www.theguardian.com/world/ 2020/mar/15/uk-coronavirus-crisis-to-last-until-spring-2021-and-could-see-79m-hospitalised
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) (2020). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi. (Accessed 09.10.2020), https://www.tuik.gov.tr/tr/PreTablo.do/?alt_id=1059
  • Üstün, Ç. and Özçiftçi, S. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisinin sosyal yaşam ve etik düzlem üzerine etkileri: Bir değerlendirme çalışması. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(Special Issue on Covid-19), 142-153
  • Zhang, D., Hu, M. and Ji, Q. (2020). Financial markets under the global pandemic of Covid-19. Finance Research Letters, doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101528
  • Qiu, Y., Chen, X. and Shi, W. (2020). Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Journal of Population Economics, (33) 1127-1172
  • World Health Organization (2020, 9 Ekim). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/

Türkiye’de COVID-19 Tedavi Maliyetleri: Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumuna Yükü ve Belirleyicileri

Year 2021, , 262 - 270, 28.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.844714

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 tanısıyla hastaneye yatan hastaların tedavi maliyetlerinin Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumuna (SGK) yükünü ve COVID-19 tedavi maliyetlerinin belirleyicilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırma retrospektif tipte bir araştırmadır. Araştırmada, Türkiye’de bir kamu hastanesine COVID-19 tanısıyla yatışı yapılan 389 hasta dosyası incelenmiştir. Araştırmada hastaların yaş, yatış yapılan birim, cinsiyet, ortalama yatış süresi, kronik hastalık ve fatura tutarları değerlendirilmiştir. Her bir hasta için ortalama fatura tutarı $653,03 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ortalama yatış süresi 5,38 gündür ve kişi başı günlük ortalama fatura $121,37’dır. Bağımsız değişkenler olarak belirlenen yaş, yatış yapılan birim (servis, yoğun bakım), kronik hastalık (var, yok) ve ortalama yatış süresi (gün) değişkenlerinin bağımsız değişken olan COVID-19 tedavi maliyetindeki değişimin %79,3’ünü açıkladığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, COVID-19’un tedavi maliyetlerinin oldukça yüksek olduğu, COVID-19 nedeniyle tedavi gören hasta sayısına bağlı olarak tedavi maliyetlerinin yükselebileceği ve SGK'ya önemli bir mali yük olabileceği söylenebilir.

References

  • Anoushiravani, A.A., O'Connor, C.M., DiCaprio, M.R. and Iorio, R. (2020). Economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis: An orthopaedic perspective. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, (102), 937-41
  • Bartsch, S.M., Ferguson, M.C., McKinnell, J.A., O'Shea, K.J., Wedlock, P.T., Siegmund, S.S. and Lee, B.Y. (2020). The potential health care costs and resource use associated with COVID-19 in the United States: A simulation estimate of the direct medical costs and health care resource use associated with COVID-19 infections in the United States. Health Affairs, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00426
  • Beyhun, N.E. and Çilingiroğlu, N. (2004). Hastalık maliyeti ve astım. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi, 52(4), 386-392
  • Bonaccorsi, G., Pierri, F., Cinelli, M., Flori, A., Galeazzi, A., Porcelli, F., ... and Pammolli, F. (2020). Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(27), 15530-15535
  • Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (2020, 13 Ekim). Gösterge Niteliğindeki Merkez Bankası Kurları. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/kurlar/kurlar_tr.html
  • Di Gennaro, F., Pizzol, D., Marotta, C., Antunes, M., Racalbuto, V., Veronese, N. and Smith, L. (2020). Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) current status and future perspectives: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2690. doi: 10.3390 / ijerph17082690
  • Sağlık Bakanı Koca: Türkiye'de ilk koronavirüs (Covid-19) vakası tespit edildi. (2020, 15 Nisan). Euronews. https://tr.euronews.com/2020/03/10/sagl-k-bakan-koca-koronavirus-covid-19-salg-n-ile-ilgili-ac-klama-yap-yor
  • Glied, S. and Levy, H. (2020). The potential effects of coronavirus on national health expenditures. Jama, 323(20), 2001-2002
  • Guo, Y.R., Cao, Q.D., Hong, Z.S., Tan, Y.Y., Chen, S.D., Jin, H.J., ... and Yan, Y. (2020). The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status. Military Medical Research, 7(1), 1-10
  • İşlek, E., Özatkan, Y., Bilir, M.K., Arı, H.O., Çelik, H. and Yıldırım, H.H. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi yönetiminde Türkiye örneği: Sağlık politikası uygulamaları ve stratejileri. TÜSPE Yayınları
  • Kooraki, S., Hosseiny, M., Myers, L. and Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: What the department of radiology should know. Journal of The American College of Radiology, (7) 447-451
  • Lai, C.C., Shih, T.P., Ko, W.C., Tang, H.J. and Hsueh, P.R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The Epidemic and the Challenges. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(3) 1-9
  • Lake, M.A. (2020). What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research. Clinical Medicine, 20(2): 124-127
  • Lazzerini, M. and Putoto, G. (2020). COVID-19 in Italy: Momentous decisions and many uncertainties. The Lancet Global Health, 8(5), e641-e642
  • Martin, A., Markhvida, M., Hallegatte, S., and Walsh, B. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 on household consumption and poverty. Economics of disasters and climate change, 4(3), 453-479
  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., ... and Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193
  • Nishiura, H., Kobayashi, T., Miyama, T., Suzuki, A., Jung, S.M., Hayashi, K., ... and Linton, N.M. (2020). Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19). International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 94, 154-155
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health (2020, 9 Ekim). Genel Koronavirüs Tablosu. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html
  • Sandalcı, U. and Tuncer, G. (2020). Obezitenin doğrudan ve dolaylı maliyetlerine ilişkin bir değerlendirme. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 29-44.
  • Social Security Institution (SSI) (2020). Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Başkanlığı. (Accessed 13.10.2020), http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/sgk/tr/kurumsal/kurumumuz
  • The Guardian (2020). Coronavirus outbreak. UK Coronavirus Crisis' to Last Until Spring 2021 and Could See 7.9m Hospitalised. (Accessed 05.10.2020), https://www.theguardian.com/world/ 2020/mar/15/uk-coronavirus-crisis-to-last-until-spring-2021-and-could-see-79m-hospitalised
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) (2020). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi. (Accessed 09.10.2020), https://www.tuik.gov.tr/tr/PreTablo.do/?alt_id=1059
  • Üstün, Ç. and Özçiftçi, S. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisinin sosyal yaşam ve etik düzlem üzerine etkileri: Bir değerlendirme çalışması. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(Special Issue on Covid-19), 142-153
  • Zhang, D., Hu, M. and Ji, Q. (2020). Financial markets under the global pandemic of Covid-19. Finance Research Letters, doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101528
  • Qiu, Y., Chen, X. and Shi, W. (2020). Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Journal of Population Economics, (33) 1127-1172
  • World Health Organization (2020, 9 Ekim). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Public Administration, Business Administration
Journal Section Research Papers
Authors

Erhan Ekingen 0000-0002-0558-7299

Ahmet Yıldız 0000-0001-8744-0225

Publication Date June 28, 2021
Submission Date December 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Ekingen, E., & Yıldız, A. (2021). COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(15), 262-270. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.844714
AMA Ekingen E, Yıldız A. COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution. İKTİSAD. June 2021;6(15):262-270. doi:10.25204/iktisad.844714
Chicago Ekingen, Erhan, and Ahmet Yıldız. “COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution”. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6, no. 15 (June 2021): 262-70. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.844714.
EndNote Ekingen E, Yıldız A (June 1, 2021) COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6 15 262–270.
IEEE E. Ekingen and A. Yıldız, “COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution”, İKTİSAD, vol. 6, no. 15, pp. 262–270, 2021, doi: 10.25204/iktisad.844714.
ISNAD Ekingen, Erhan - Yıldız, Ahmet. “COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution”. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6/15 (June 2021), 262-270. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.844714.
JAMA Ekingen E, Yıldız A. COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution. İKTİSAD. 2021;6:262–270.
MLA Ekingen, Erhan and Ahmet Yıldız. “COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution”. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 15, 2021, pp. 262-70, doi:10.25204/iktisad.844714.
Vancouver Ekingen E, Yıldız A. COVID-19 Treatment Costs in Turkey: Determinants and Burden of the Social Security Institution. İKTİSAD. 2021;6(15):262-70.


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