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A Research on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Passion and Grit

Year 2022, , 337 - 350, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.970313

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of entrepreneurial passion on innovative behaviors and fear of failure and to analyze the mediating role of grit on the model. Entrepreneurs and managers in OIZs operating in the province of Kayseri constitute the research sample. The validity and reliability analyzes of the collected data were made via a questionnaire. In the analysis process The SmartPLS Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique was used. The findings show that entrepreneurial passion has positive effects on innovative behaviors and also on grit. According to the research results, grit plays a full mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and the fear of failure.

References

  • Amiot, C., Terry, D., Jimmieson, N. ve Callan, V. (2006). A longitudinal investigation of coping processes during a merger: Implications for job satisfaction and organizational identification. Journal of Management. 552-574 DOI: 10.1177/0149206306287542
  • Atkinson, J.W. (1957). Motivational determinants of risk-taking behaviour. Psychological Review, 64, 359-372.
  • Atkinson, J.W. ve Feather, N.T. (1966). A theory of achievement motivation. New York, NY: John Wiley and Son.
  • Atkinson, J.W. ve Litwin, G.H. (1960). Achievement motive and test anxiety conceived as motive to approach success and motive to avoid failure. In: McClelland, D.C., Steele, R.S. (Eds.), Human Motivation: A Book of Readings. General Learning Press, Morristown, NJ.
  • Banbury, C. ve Mitchell W. (1995). The Effect of Introducing Important Incremental Innovations on Market Share and Business Survival. Strategic Management Journal, 16, 161-182.
  • Baum, J.R, Locke, E.A. ve Smith K.G. (2001). A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2): 292-303.
  • Cardon, M.S. (2008). Is passion contagious? The transference of entrepreneurial passion to employees. Human Resource Management Review, 18(2), 77-86
  • Cardon, M.S., Gregoire, D.A., Stevens, C.E. ve Patel, P.C. (2013). Measuring entrepreneurial passion: Conceptual foundations and scale validation. Journal of Business Venture, 28(3), 373-96.
  • Cardon, M.S., J. Wincent, J.S. ve Drnovsek, M. (2009). The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion. Academy of Man. Review, 34(3), 511-32.
  • Cardon, M.S., Zietsma, C., Saparito, P., Matherne, B., ve Davis, C. (2005). A tale of passion: New insights into entrepreneurship from a parenthood metaphor. Journal of Business Venturing, 20: 23-45.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Conroy, D.E. (2001). Progress in the development of a multidimensional measure of fear of failure: The performance failure appraisal inventory. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 14, 431-452.
  • Conroy, D.E., Metzler, J.N., ve Hofer, S.M. (2003). Factorial invariance and latent mean stability of performance failure appraisals. Structural Equation Modeling, 10(3), 401-422. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM1003_4
  • Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Mananagement Journal, 34(3), 555-590.
  • Doğan, Y. ve Özdevecioğlu, M. (2009). Pozitif ve negatif duygusallığın çalışanların performansları üzerindeki etkisi. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9 (18), 165-190. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/susead/issue/28417/302552
  • Duckworth A.L. ve Quinn, P.D. (2009). Development and validation of the short grit scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166-174.
  • Duckworth, A. ve Gross, J.J. (2014). Self-control and grit related but separable determinants of success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 319-325.
  • Duckworth, A., Grant, H., Loew, B., Oettingen, G. ve Gollwitzer, P. (2011). Self-regulation strategies improve self-discipline in adolescents: Benefits of mental contrasting and implementation intentions. Educational Psychology. 31. 17-26.
  • Duckworth, A.L, Peterson, C., Matthews, Md. ve Kelly, D.R. (2007). Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087-101.
  • Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E.P., Beal, S.A. ve Duckworth, A.L. (2014). The grit effect: predicting retention in the military, the workplace, school and marriage. Frontiers in Personality Science and Individual Differences, 5(36), 1-12
  • Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. The Journal of Marine Research, 18, 39-50.
  • Gitter, S. A. (2008). Grit, self-control and the fear of failure. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4263
  • Gülbahar, Y. (2019). “Girişimcilik tutkusunun yenilikçi davranışlar ve başarısızlık korkusu üzerine etkisi: metanetin aracılık rolü”, (Doktora Tezi) Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı.
  • Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. ve Anderson, R. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall. London.
  • Hair, J.F., Money, A.H., Samouel, P. ve Page, M. (2007). Research methods for business. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L. ve Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An Emerging Tool for Business Research. European Business Review. 26. 106-121.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. ve Sinkovics, R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20(2009), 277-320.
  • Ho, V.T., Wong SS. ve Lee CH. (2011). A tale of passion: Linking job passion and cognitive engagement to employee work performance. J Manage Stud 48:26-47.
  • Jachimowicz, J.; Wihler, A.; Bailey, E. ve Galinsky, A. (2018). Why grit requires perseverance and passion to positively predict performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115. 201803561. 10.1073/pnas.1803561115.
  • Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and ınnovative work behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), 287-302.
  • Kimberly, J.R. (1981). Managerial innovation. In: Nystrom, P. C. ve Starbuck, W.H. (Eds.). Handbook of Organizational Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Lewin, K. (1935). A dynamic theory of personality. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
  • Lewin, K., Dembo, T., Festinger, L., ve Sears, P. S. (1944). Level of aspiration. In J. McV. Hunt (Ed.), Personality and the Behavior Disorders. New York: Ronald.
  • Lewis, T. ve Cardon, M. (2020). The magnetic value of entrepreneurial passion for potential employees. Journal of Business Venturing Insights. 14. e00193. 10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00193.
  • McGregor, H.A. ve Elliot, A.J. (2005). The shame of failure: examining the link between fear of failure and shame. Personal Sociology Psychology Bulleten, 31, 218-231.
  • Mooradian, T., Matzler, K., Uzelac, B. ve Bauer, F. (2016). Perspiration and inspiration: Grit and innovativeness as antecedents of entrepreneurial success. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 232-243.
  • Mueller, B.A., Wolfe, M.T. ve Syed, I. (2017). Passion and grit: An exploration of the pathways leading to venture success. Journal of Business Venturing, 32, 260-279.
  • Patzelt, H. ve Shepherd, D.A. (2011). Negative emotions of an entrepreneurial career: Self-employment and regulatory coping behaviors. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 226-238.
  • Schumacker R.E. ve Lomax R.G. (2016). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Fouth Edition. Routledge Psychology Press: New York.
  • Scott, S.G. ve Bruce, R.A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607. https://doi.org/10.2307/256701
  • Scott, S.G. ve Bruce, R.A. (1998). Following the leader in RandD: the joint effect of subordinate problem-solving style and leader-member relations on innovative behavior. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 45(1), 3- 10. doi:10.1109/17.658656
  • Shane, S., Locke, E.A. ve Collins, C.J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-279.
  • Suendarti, M., Widodo, W. ve Hasbullah, H. (2020). Demonstrating the effect of grit and creativity on innovative behavior of teacher’s natural science: mediating by self-efficacy. J. Xian Univ. Archit. Technology, 12(6), 470–478, 2020.
  • Terman, L.M., Oden. M.H. ve Bayley, N. (1947). The gifted child grows up: twenty-five years' follow-up of a superior group. Genetic studies of genius. V. 4. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Vallerand, J.R., Mageau, G., Blanchard, C., Koestner, R., Gagne, M., Ratella, C. ve Leonard, M. (2003). Les passions de L’ Ame: on obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756-767.
  • Vallerand, R. J. (2010). On passion for life activities: The Dualistic Model of Passion. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 42, pp. 97-193). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42003-1.
  • Vallerand, R.J., Salvy, S.J., Mageau, G.A., Elliot, A.J., Denis, P.L., Grouzet, F. M. E., ve Blanchard, C. (2007). On the role of passion in performance. Journal of Personality, 75(3), 505–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00447.x
  • Vallerand, R.J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise. In G. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Vallerand, R.J. (2012). The role of passion in sustainable psychological well-being. Psych Well-Being 2, 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/2211-1522-2-1
  • Vallerand, R.J. ve Houlfort, N. (2003). Passion at work: toward a new conceptualization. In Emerging Perspectives on Values in Organizations, Gilliland SW, Steiner DD, Skarlicki DP (eds). Information Age Publishing: Greenwich, CT; 175-204.
  • Vallerand, R.J., Mageau, G.A., Elliot, A.J., Dumais, A., Demers, M.A. ve Rousseau, F. (2008). Passion and performance attainment in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(3), 373-392.
  • Wagner, J. ve Stenberg, R. (2004). Start-up activities, individual characteristics, and the regional milieu: Lessons for entrepreneurship support policies from German micro data. Annual Regional Science, 38, 219-240.
  • Weiss, H.M. ve Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: a theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. Res. Organizational Behaviour, 18, 1-74.
  • West, M.A. ve Farr, J.L. (1990). Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and organizational strategies. Chichester: Wiley.
  • Yuan, F. ve Woodman, R.W. (2010). Innovative behavior in the workplace: the role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(2), 323-342.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch, J.G. ve Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering baron and kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(3), 197-206.

Girişimcilik Tutkusu ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2022, , 337 - 350, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.970313

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, girişimcilik tutkusunun yenilikçi davranışlar ve başarısızlık korkusu üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek ve model üzerinde metanetin aracılık rolünü analiz etmektir. Kayseri ilinde faaliyet gösteren OSB’lerdeki girişimci ve yöneticiler araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Oluşturulan bir anket yardımı ile toplanan verilerin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Analiz sürecinde SmartPLS Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre girişimcilik tutkusunun yenilikçi davranışlar üzerinde ve ayrıca metanet üzerinde pozitif etkileri bulunmuştur. Ayrıca araştırma bulguları metanetin, girişimcilik tutkusu ile başarısızlık korkusu ilişkisinde tam aracılık rolüne sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Amiot, C., Terry, D., Jimmieson, N. ve Callan, V. (2006). A longitudinal investigation of coping processes during a merger: Implications for job satisfaction and organizational identification. Journal of Management. 552-574 DOI: 10.1177/0149206306287542
  • Atkinson, J.W. (1957). Motivational determinants of risk-taking behaviour. Psychological Review, 64, 359-372.
  • Atkinson, J.W. ve Feather, N.T. (1966). A theory of achievement motivation. New York, NY: John Wiley and Son.
  • Atkinson, J.W. ve Litwin, G.H. (1960). Achievement motive and test anxiety conceived as motive to approach success and motive to avoid failure. In: McClelland, D.C., Steele, R.S. (Eds.), Human Motivation: A Book of Readings. General Learning Press, Morristown, NJ.
  • Banbury, C. ve Mitchell W. (1995). The Effect of Introducing Important Incremental Innovations on Market Share and Business Survival. Strategic Management Journal, 16, 161-182.
  • Baum, J.R, Locke, E.A. ve Smith K.G. (2001). A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2): 292-303.
  • Cardon, M.S. (2008). Is passion contagious? The transference of entrepreneurial passion to employees. Human Resource Management Review, 18(2), 77-86
  • Cardon, M.S., Gregoire, D.A., Stevens, C.E. ve Patel, P.C. (2013). Measuring entrepreneurial passion: Conceptual foundations and scale validation. Journal of Business Venture, 28(3), 373-96.
  • Cardon, M.S., J. Wincent, J.S. ve Drnovsek, M. (2009). The nature and experience of entrepreneurial passion. Academy of Man. Review, 34(3), 511-32.
  • Cardon, M.S., Zietsma, C., Saparito, P., Matherne, B., ve Davis, C. (2005). A tale of passion: New insights into entrepreneurship from a parenthood metaphor. Journal of Business Venturing, 20: 23-45.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Conroy, D.E. (2001). Progress in the development of a multidimensional measure of fear of failure: The performance failure appraisal inventory. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 14, 431-452.
  • Conroy, D.E., Metzler, J.N., ve Hofer, S.M. (2003). Factorial invariance and latent mean stability of performance failure appraisals. Structural Equation Modeling, 10(3), 401-422. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM1003_4
  • Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Mananagement Journal, 34(3), 555-590.
  • Doğan, Y. ve Özdevecioğlu, M. (2009). Pozitif ve negatif duygusallığın çalışanların performansları üzerindeki etkisi. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9 (18), 165-190. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/susead/issue/28417/302552
  • Duckworth A.L. ve Quinn, P.D. (2009). Development and validation of the short grit scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166-174.
  • Duckworth, A. ve Gross, J.J. (2014). Self-control and grit related but separable determinants of success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 319-325.
  • Duckworth, A., Grant, H., Loew, B., Oettingen, G. ve Gollwitzer, P. (2011). Self-regulation strategies improve self-discipline in adolescents: Benefits of mental contrasting and implementation intentions. Educational Psychology. 31. 17-26.
  • Duckworth, A.L, Peterson, C., Matthews, Md. ve Kelly, D.R. (2007). Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087-101.
  • Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E.P., Beal, S.A. ve Duckworth, A.L. (2014). The grit effect: predicting retention in the military, the workplace, school and marriage. Frontiers in Personality Science and Individual Differences, 5(36), 1-12
  • Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. The Journal of Marine Research, 18, 39-50.
  • Gitter, S. A. (2008). Grit, self-control and the fear of failure. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4263
  • Gülbahar, Y. (2019). “Girişimcilik tutkusunun yenilikçi davranışlar ve başarısızlık korkusu üzerine etkisi: metanetin aracılık rolü”, (Doktora Tezi) Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı.
  • Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. ve Anderson, R. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall. London.
  • Hair, J.F., Money, A.H., Samouel, P. ve Page, M. (2007). Research methods for business. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L. ve Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An Emerging Tool for Business Research. European Business Review. 26. 106-121.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. ve Sinkovics, R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20(2009), 277-320.
  • Ho, V.T., Wong SS. ve Lee CH. (2011). A tale of passion: Linking job passion and cognitive engagement to employee work performance. J Manage Stud 48:26-47.
  • Jachimowicz, J.; Wihler, A.; Bailey, E. ve Galinsky, A. (2018). Why grit requires perseverance and passion to positively predict performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115. 201803561. 10.1073/pnas.1803561115.
  • Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and ınnovative work behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), 287-302.
  • Kimberly, J.R. (1981). Managerial innovation. In: Nystrom, P. C. ve Starbuck, W.H. (Eds.). Handbook of Organizational Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Lewin, K. (1935). A dynamic theory of personality. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
  • Lewin, K., Dembo, T., Festinger, L., ve Sears, P. S. (1944). Level of aspiration. In J. McV. Hunt (Ed.), Personality and the Behavior Disorders. New York: Ronald.
  • Lewis, T. ve Cardon, M. (2020). The magnetic value of entrepreneurial passion for potential employees. Journal of Business Venturing Insights. 14. e00193. 10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00193.
  • McGregor, H.A. ve Elliot, A.J. (2005). The shame of failure: examining the link between fear of failure and shame. Personal Sociology Psychology Bulleten, 31, 218-231.
  • Mooradian, T., Matzler, K., Uzelac, B. ve Bauer, F. (2016). Perspiration and inspiration: Grit and innovativeness as antecedents of entrepreneurial success. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 232-243.
  • Mueller, B.A., Wolfe, M.T. ve Syed, I. (2017). Passion and grit: An exploration of the pathways leading to venture success. Journal of Business Venturing, 32, 260-279.
  • Patzelt, H. ve Shepherd, D.A. (2011). Negative emotions of an entrepreneurial career: Self-employment and regulatory coping behaviors. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 226-238.
  • Schumacker R.E. ve Lomax R.G. (2016). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Fouth Edition. Routledge Psychology Press: New York.
  • Scott, S.G. ve Bruce, R.A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607. https://doi.org/10.2307/256701
  • Scott, S.G. ve Bruce, R.A. (1998). Following the leader in RandD: the joint effect of subordinate problem-solving style and leader-member relations on innovative behavior. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 45(1), 3- 10. doi:10.1109/17.658656
  • Shane, S., Locke, E.A. ve Collins, C.J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-279.
  • Suendarti, M., Widodo, W. ve Hasbullah, H. (2020). Demonstrating the effect of grit and creativity on innovative behavior of teacher’s natural science: mediating by self-efficacy. J. Xian Univ. Archit. Technology, 12(6), 470–478, 2020.
  • Terman, L.M., Oden. M.H. ve Bayley, N. (1947). The gifted child grows up: twenty-five years' follow-up of a superior group. Genetic studies of genius. V. 4. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Vallerand, J.R., Mageau, G., Blanchard, C., Koestner, R., Gagne, M., Ratella, C. ve Leonard, M. (2003). Les passions de L’ Ame: on obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756-767.
  • Vallerand, R. J. (2010). On passion for life activities: The Dualistic Model of Passion. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 42, pp. 97-193). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42003-1.
  • Vallerand, R.J., Salvy, S.J., Mageau, G.A., Elliot, A.J., Denis, P.L., Grouzet, F. M. E., ve Blanchard, C. (2007). On the role of passion in performance. Journal of Personality, 75(3), 505–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00447.x
  • Vallerand, R.J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise. In G. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Vallerand, R.J. (2012). The role of passion in sustainable psychological well-being. Psych Well-Being 2, 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/2211-1522-2-1
  • Vallerand, R.J. ve Houlfort, N. (2003). Passion at work: toward a new conceptualization. In Emerging Perspectives on Values in Organizations, Gilliland SW, Steiner DD, Skarlicki DP (eds). Information Age Publishing: Greenwich, CT; 175-204.
  • Vallerand, R.J., Mageau, G.A., Elliot, A.J., Dumais, A., Demers, M.A. ve Rousseau, F. (2008). Passion and performance attainment in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(3), 373-392.
  • Wagner, J. ve Stenberg, R. (2004). Start-up activities, individual characteristics, and the regional milieu: Lessons for entrepreneurship support policies from German micro data. Annual Regional Science, 38, 219-240.
  • Weiss, H.M. ve Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: a theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. Res. Organizational Behaviour, 18, 1-74.
  • West, M.A. ve Farr, J.L. (1990). Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and organizational strategies. Chichester: Wiley.
  • Yuan, F. ve Woodman, R.W. (2010). Innovative behavior in the workplace: the role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(2), 323-342.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch, J.G. ve Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering baron and kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(3), 197-206.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Papers
Authors

Yasemin Gülbahar 0000-0002-0214-3983

Himmet Karadal 0000-0002-8050-5564

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date September 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Gülbahar, Y., & Karadal, H. (2022). Girişimcilik Tutkusu ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(18), 337-350. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.970313
AMA Gülbahar Y, Karadal H. Girişimcilik Tutkusu ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İKTİSAD. June 2022;7(18):337-350. doi:10.25204/iktisad.970313
Chicago Gülbahar, Yasemin, and Himmet Karadal. “Girişimcilik Tutkusu Ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 7, no. 18 (June 2022): 337-50. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.970313.
EndNote Gülbahar Y, Karadal H (June 1, 2022) Girişimcilik Tutkusu ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 7 18 337–350.
IEEE Y. Gülbahar and H. Karadal, “Girişimcilik Tutkusu ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, İKTİSAD, vol. 7, no. 18, pp. 337–350, 2022, doi: 10.25204/iktisad.970313.
ISNAD Gülbahar, Yasemin - Karadal, Himmet. “Girişimcilik Tutkusu Ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 7/18 (June 2022), 337-350. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.970313.
JAMA Gülbahar Y, Karadal H. Girişimcilik Tutkusu ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İKTİSAD. 2022;7:337–350.
MLA Gülbahar, Yasemin and Himmet Karadal. “Girişimcilik Tutkusu Ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 18, 2022, pp. 337-50, doi:10.25204/iktisad.970313.
Vancouver Gülbahar Y, Karadal H. Girişimcilik Tutkusu ve Metanet Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İKTİSAD. 2022;7(18):337-50.


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