UNESCO Dünya Mirasının Korunmasında Dünya Mirası Fonları

Year 2023, , 221 - 245, 16.12.2023

Azize Ökten , Hüseyin Gül

https://doi.org/10.54722/iletisimvediplomasi.1320678

Abstract

UNESCO olarak ifade edilen Birleşmiş Milletler Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Kurumu, 1972 yılında “Dünya Kültürel ve Doğal Mirasın Korunması Sözleşmesi”ni kabul etmiştir. Bu Sözleşme, iki boyutun birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerekliliğinden dolayı hem kültürel mirası hem de doğal mirası korumayı amaçlamaktadır. Sözleşmenin karar mercii olan Hükûmetler Arası Dünya Mirası Komitesi Dünya Mirası Listesi’ne kayıtlı üstün evrensel değere sahip miras alanlarının özgünlüğü ve bütünlüğünü korumaya odaklanmıştır. Korumayı sağlamak amacıyla taraf devletlere katkı amacıyla Dünya Mirası Fonu bütçesinden çeşitli uluslararası yardımlar sunulmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, UNESCO Dünya Mirası Komitesinin, Dünya Mirası Fonlarından ne tür uluslararası destekleri, ne ölçüde ve ne amaçla kullandırdığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın kapsamını Dünya Mirası Komitesinin 1977 – 2023 (2023 haziran ayına kadar) yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen toplam 44 Dünya Mirası Komitesi toplantı raporlarında yer alan kararlar ve bu kararlar çerçevesinde sağlanan fon destekleri oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın yönteminde kavramsal ve kuramsal çerçeveyle birlikte literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiş olup daha sonra UNESCO Dünya Mirası Komitesinin 44 yıllık (1977-2023) raporlarından elde edilen gömülü nicel veriler nitel analiz yöntemiyle karşılaştırmalı analiz edilmiş, UNESCO Dünya Mirası Fonlarının taksonomisi yapılmış ve sonuçları ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada, Afrika Bölgesi’nde yer alan taraf devletlerin Dünya Mirası Fonu’ndan diğer UNESCO bölgelerine kıyasla daha fazla yararlandığı sonucuna varılmaktadır. Afrika Bölgesi’ni takiben yoğunluklarına göre sırasıyla, Latin Amerika ve Karayip Bölgesi, Asya ve Pasifik Bölgesi, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika ve Arap Devletleri yer almaktadır.

Keywords

UNESCO, UNESCO Dünya Mirası, UNESCO Dünya Mirası Komitesi, Dünya Mirası Fonu, Uluslararası Yardımlar, Uluslararası Yardımlar

UNESCO World Heritage Funds for the Protection of World Heritage

Abstract

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, referred to as UNESCO, adopted the “Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” in 1972. This Convention focuses on the protection of both cultural and natural heritage, necessitating the consideration of two distinct dimensions. The Intergovernmental World Heritage Committee, which is the decision maker of the Convention, has focused on preserving the authenticity and integrity of heritage sites of outstanding universal value inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. It provides various forms of international assistance from the World Heritage Fund budget, which serves as a catalyst for States Parties to provide protection. The study covers international assistance approved worldwide from 1977 to June 2023 and aims to reveal the amount and types of international support the UNESCO World Heritage Committee provides to which types of heritage protection projects from the World Heritage Fund. The paper covers international assistance approved worldwide from 1977 to June 2023 aims to show what kind of international assistance the UNESCO World Heritage Committee has made available from the World Heritage Fund’s budget, to what extent and for what purposes. The scope of the study consisted of the decisions included in the meeting reports of 44 World Heritage Committees held between 1977 and 2023 (until June 2023) and the worldwide international assistance approved in this eraThe methodology of the study, a literature review was carried out together with the conceptual and theoretical framework and then the embedded quantitative data obtained from the 44 year (1977-2023) reports of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee were comparatively analysed by qualitative analysis method, a taxonomy of UNESCO World Heritage Funds was carried out and the results were revealed. The study concludes that States Parties in the African Region benefit more from the World Heritage Fund than other UNESCO regions. The African Region is followed by Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Asia and the Pacific Region, Europe and North America, and the Arab States in order of intensity.

Keywords

UNESCO, UNESCO World Heritage, UNESCO World Heritage Committee, World Heritage Fund, International Assistance

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