Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Kesirlerde Çarpma ve Bölme İşlemlerine Yönelik Kavramsal Anlamalarının İncelenmesi
Year 2018,
Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1812 - 1829, 01.12.2018
Aslıhan Osmanoğlu
Meriç Özgeldi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının kesirlerde çarpma ve
bölme işlemine dair kavramsal anlamalarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmada 3.
sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan ve Matematik Öğretimi I dersini alan öğretmen
adaylarının kesirlerde çarpma ve bölme işlemlerine verdikleri yanıtlardan yola
çıkılarak kavramsal anlamaları incelenmiştir. Çalışma nitel bir çalışma olup,
araştırmada 2015-2016 güz dönemi sonunda 142 öğretmen adayının kesirlerde biri
çarpma, diğeri bölme işlemine yönelik olmak üzere iki işleme verdikleri yanıtlar incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile öğretmen
adaylarının kesirlerde çarpma ve bölme işlemlerine yaklaşımları ve bunlara dair
kavramsal anlamalarının nasıl düzenlendiği anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bulguları
desteklemek ve güçlendirmek amacıyla açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan bir
yazılı-görüşme protokolü gönüllü adaylara uygulanmıştır. Analiz aşamasında
içerik analizi tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular, sınıf öğretmeni
adaylarının referans birimleri belirlemede zorlandıklarını ve kavramsal anlama
eksiği nedeniyle hatalar yaptıklarını, büyük çoğunluğunun işlemleri doğru
modelleyemediklerini ve adayların genellikle dörtgensel alan modelini tercih
ettiklerini ortaya koymuştur.
References
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Armstrong, B. E. & Bezuk, N. (1995). Multiplication and division of fractions: The search for meaning. In J. T. Sowder & B. Schappelle (Eds.). Providing a foundation for teaching mathematics in the middle grades (pp. 85-119). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Ball, D. L. (1990). Prospective elementary and secondary teachers’ understanding of division. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 21, 132–144.
Ball, D. L., Thames, M. H., & Phelps, G. (2008). Content knowledge for teaching: What makes it special? Journal of Teacher Education, 59(5), 389-407.
Behr, M., Lesh, R., Post, T., & Silver E. (1983). Rational number concepts. In R. Lesh & M. Landau (Eds.), Acquisition of mathematics concepts and processes, (pp. 91-125). New York: Academic Press.
Borko, H., Eisenhart, M., Brown, C., Underhill, R., Jones, D., & Agard, P. (1992). Learning to teach hard mathematics: Do novice teachers and their ınstructors give up too easily? Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 23(3), 194–222. doi: 10.2307/749118
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th ed.). Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. US: Sage Publications.
Erdem, E., Gökkurt, B., Şahin, Ö., Başıbüyük, K., & Soylu, Y. (2015). Examining prospective middle school mathematics teachers’ modelling skills of multiplication and division in fractions. Croatian Journal of Education, 17(1), 11-36. doi: 10.15516/cje.v17i1.830
Gökkurt, B., Şahin, Ö., Soylu, Y., & Soylu, C. (2013). Examining pre-service teachers' pedagogical content knowledge on fractions in terms of students’ errors. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(3), 719-735.
Harel, G. & Behr, M. (1995). Teachers' solutions for multiplicative problems. Hiroshima Journal of Mathematics Education, 3, 31-51.
Hill, H. C., Rowan, B., & Ball, D. L. (2005). Effects of teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching on student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 42, 371–406.
Işık, C. (2011). İlköğretim matematik öğretmeni adaylarının kesirlerde çarpma ve bölmeye yönelik kurdukları problemlerin kavramsal analizi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41, 231-243.
Işık, C., & Kar, T. (2012). An error analysis in division problems in fractions posed by pre-service elementary mathematics teachers. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12(3), 2303-2309.
Işıksal, M. (2006). A study on pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge regarding the multiplication and division of fractions (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Işıksal, M. & Çakıroğlu, E. (2011). The nature of prospective mathematics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge: The case of multiplication of fractions. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 14, 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-010-9160-x
Izsak, A. (2008). Mathematical knowledge for teaching fraction multiplication. Cognition and Instruction, 26(1), 95-143.
Jacobson, E., & Izsák, A. (2015). Knowledge and motivation as mediators in mathematics teaching practice: The case of drawn models for fraction arithmetic. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 18(5), 467-488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-015-9320-0
Kılcan, S. A. (2006). İlköğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin kesirlerle bölmeye ilişkin kavramsal bilgi düzeyleri [The levels of elementary mathematics teachers’ conceptual knowledge of the division with fractions] (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Bolu.
Lamberg, T., & Wiest, L. R. (2015). Dividing fractions using an area model: A look at in-service teachers' understanding. Mathematics Teacher Education and Development, 17(1), 30-43.
Lee, M. Y. (2017). Pre-service teachers’ flexibility with referent units in solving a fraction division problem. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 96(3), 327-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-017-9771-6
Lee, S. J., Brown, R. E., & Orrill, C. H. (2011). Mathematics teachers' reasoning about fractions and decimals using drawn representations. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 13(3), 198-220. doi: 10.1080/10986065.2011.564993
Leymun, Ş. O., Odabaşı, H. F., & Yurdakul, I. K. (2017). Eğitim ortamlarında durum çalışmasının önemi. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(3), 367-385.
Luo, F., Lo, J., & Leu, Y. (2011). Fundamental fraction knowledge of preservice elementary teachers: A cross-national study in the United States and Taiwan. School Science and Mathematics, 111(4), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2011.00074.x
Ma, L. (1999). Knowing and teaching elementary mathematics. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
McDiarmid, G. W., & Wilson, S. M. (1991). An exploration of the subject matter knowledge of alternate route teachers: Can we assume they know their subject? Journal of Teacher Education, 42(2), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/002248719104200203
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ni, Y. (2001). Semantic domains of rational numbers and the acquisition of fraction equivalence. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 26(3), 400-417. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.2000.1072
Olanoff, D., Lo, J., & Tobias, J. (2014). Mathematical content knowledge for teaching elementary mathematics: A focus on fractions. The Mathematics Enthusiast, 11(2), 267–310.
Olkun, S., & Toluk-Uçar, Z. (2007). İlkögretimde etkinlik temelli matematik öğretimi (3. Baskı). Ankara: Maya Akademi.
Rathouz, M. (2011). Visualizing decimal multiplication with area models: Opportunities and challenges. Issues in the Undergraduate Mathematics Preparation of School Teachers, 2, 1-12.
Rosli, R., Han, S., Capraro, R., & Capraro, M. (2013). Exploring preservice teachers’ computational and representational knowledge of content and teaching fractions. Journal of Korean Society of Mathematics Education, 17(4), 221–241. doi: 10.7468/jksmed.2013.17.4.221
Sezer, E. (2012). Matematik öğretimi dersi kapsamında kullanılan yazma etkinliklerinin sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının kesirler konusuna ilişkin pedagojik alan bilgilerine etkisinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4-14.
Son, J. W., & Lee, J. E. (2016). Pre-service teachers' understanding of fraction multiplication, representational knowledge, and computational skills. Mathematics Teacher Education and Development, 18(2), 5-28.
Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Talim Terbiye Kurulu (TTKB) (2015). İlkokul matematik dersi (1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıflar) öğretim programı. http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/www/ogretim-programlari/icerik/72
Tirosh, D., & Graeber, A. O. (1991). The effect of problem type and common misconceptions on preservice elementary teachers’ thinking about division. School Science and Mathematics, 91, 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1991.tb12070.x
Toluk, Z. (2002). İlkokul öğrencilerinin bölme işlemi ve rasyonel sayıları ilişkilendirme süreçleri. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 19(2), 81-101.
Unlu, M., & Ertekin, E. (2012). Why do pre-service teachers pose multiplication problems instead of division problems in fractions? Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 490-494. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.148
Van De Walle, J. A., Karp, K. S., & Bay-Williams, J. M. (2012). İlkokul ve ortaokul matematiği: Gelişimsel yaklaşımla öğretim. S. Durmuş (Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (6. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zembat, İ. Ö. (2007). Sorun aynı–kavramlar; Kitle aynı-öğretmen adayları. İlköğretim Online, 6(2), 305-312.
Year 2018,
Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1812 - 1829, 01.12.2018
Aslıhan Osmanoğlu
Meriç Özgeldi
References
- Altay, M. K., & Erhan, G. K. (2017). Pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ informal strategies for multiplication and division of fractions. Başkent University Journal of Education, 4(2), 136-146.
- An S., Kulm, G., & Wu, Z. (2004). The pedagogical content knowledge of middle school mathematics teachers in China and the U.S. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 7, 145–172.
Armstrong, B. E. & Bezuk, N. (1995). Multiplication and division of fractions: The search for meaning. In J. T. Sowder & B. Schappelle (Eds.). Providing a foundation for teaching mathematics in the middle grades (pp. 85-119). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Ball, D. L. (1990). Prospective elementary and secondary teachers’ understanding of division. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 21, 132–144.
Ball, D. L., Thames, M. H., & Phelps, G. (2008). Content knowledge for teaching: What makes it special? Journal of Teacher Education, 59(5), 389-407.
Behr, M., Lesh, R., Post, T., & Silver E. (1983). Rational number concepts. In R. Lesh & M. Landau (Eds.), Acquisition of mathematics concepts and processes, (pp. 91-125). New York: Academic Press.
Borko, H., Eisenhart, M., Brown, C., Underhill, R., Jones, D., & Agard, P. (1992). Learning to teach hard mathematics: Do novice teachers and their ınstructors give up too easily? Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 23(3), 194–222. doi: 10.2307/749118
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th ed.). Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. US: Sage Publications.
Erdem, E., Gökkurt, B., Şahin, Ö., Başıbüyük, K., & Soylu, Y. (2015). Examining prospective middle school mathematics teachers’ modelling skills of multiplication and division in fractions. Croatian Journal of Education, 17(1), 11-36. doi: 10.15516/cje.v17i1.830
Gökkurt, B., Şahin, Ö., Soylu, Y., & Soylu, C. (2013). Examining pre-service teachers' pedagogical content knowledge on fractions in terms of students’ errors. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(3), 719-735.
Harel, G. & Behr, M. (1995). Teachers' solutions for multiplicative problems. Hiroshima Journal of Mathematics Education, 3, 31-51.
Hill, H. C., Rowan, B., & Ball, D. L. (2005). Effects of teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching on student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 42, 371–406.
Işık, C. (2011). İlköğretim matematik öğretmeni adaylarının kesirlerde çarpma ve bölmeye yönelik kurdukları problemlerin kavramsal analizi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41, 231-243.
Işık, C., & Kar, T. (2012). An error analysis in division problems in fractions posed by pre-service elementary mathematics teachers. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12(3), 2303-2309.
Işıksal, M. (2006). A study on pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge regarding the multiplication and division of fractions (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Işıksal, M. & Çakıroğlu, E. (2011). The nature of prospective mathematics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge: The case of multiplication of fractions. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 14, 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-010-9160-x
Izsak, A. (2008). Mathematical knowledge for teaching fraction multiplication. Cognition and Instruction, 26(1), 95-143.
Jacobson, E., & Izsák, A. (2015). Knowledge and motivation as mediators in mathematics teaching practice: The case of drawn models for fraction arithmetic. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 18(5), 467-488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-015-9320-0
Kılcan, S. A. (2006). İlköğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin kesirlerle bölmeye ilişkin kavramsal bilgi düzeyleri [The levels of elementary mathematics teachers’ conceptual knowledge of the division with fractions] (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Bolu.
Lamberg, T., & Wiest, L. R. (2015). Dividing fractions using an area model: A look at in-service teachers' understanding. Mathematics Teacher Education and Development, 17(1), 30-43.
Lee, M. Y. (2017). Pre-service teachers’ flexibility with referent units in solving a fraction division problem. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 96(3), 327-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-017-9771-6
Lee, S. J., Brown, R. E., & Orrill, C. H. (2011). Mathematics teachers' reasoning about fractions and decimals using drawn representations. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 13(3), 198-220. doi: 10.1080/10986065.2011.564993
Leymun, Ş. O., Odabaşı, H. F., & Yurdakul, I. K. (2017). Eğitim ortamlarında durum çalışmasının önemi. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(3), 367-385.
Luo, F., Lo, J., & Leu, Y. (2011). Fundamental fraction knowledge of preservice elementary teachers: A cross-national study in the United States and Taiwan. School Science and Mathematics, 111(4), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2011.00074.x
Ma, L. (1999). Knowing and teaching elementary mathematics. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
McDiarmid, G. W., & Wilson, S. M. (1991). An exploration of the subject matter knowledge of alternate route teachers: Can we assume they know their subject? Journal of Teacher Education, 42(2), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/002248719104200203
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ni, Y. (2001). Semantic domains of rational numbers and the acquisition of fraction equivalence. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 26(3), 400-417. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.2000.1072
Olanoff, D., Lo, J., & Tobias, J. (2014). Mathematical content knowledge for teaching elementary mathematics: A focus on fractions. The Mathematics Enthusiast, 11(2), 267–310.
Olkun, S., & Toluk-Uçar, Z. (2007). İlkögretimde etkinlik temelli matematik öğretimi (3. Baskı). Ankara: Maya Akademi.
Rathouz, M. (2011). Visualizing decimal multiplication with area models: Opportunities and challenges. Issues in the Undergraduate Mathematics Preparation of School Teachers, 2, 1-12.
Rosli, R., Han, S., Capraro, R., & Capraro, M. (2013). Exploring preservice teachers’ computational and representational knowledge of content and teaching fractions. Journal of Korean Society of Mathematics Education, 17(4), 221–241. doi: 10.7468/jksmed.2013.17.4.221
Sezer, E. (2012). Matematik öğretimi dersi kapsamında kullanılan yazma etkinliklerinin sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının kesirler konusuna ilişkin pedagojik alan bilgilerine etkisinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4-14.
Son, J. W., & Lee, J. E. (2016). Pre-service teachers' understanding of fraction multiplication, representational knowledge, and computational skills. Mathematics Teacher Education and Development, 18(2), 5-28.
Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Talim Terbiye Kurulu (TTKB) (2015). İlkokul matematik dersi (1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıflar) öğretim programı. http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/www/ogretim-programlari/icerik/72
Tirosh, D., & Graeber, A. O. (1991). The effect of problem type and common misconceptions on preservice elementary teachers’ thinking about division. School Science and Mathematics, 91, 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1991.tb12070.x
Toluk, Z. (2002). İlkokul öğrencilerinin bölme işlemi ve rasyonel sayıları ilişkilendirme süreçleri. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 19(2), 81-101.
Unlu, M., & Ertekin, E. (2012). Why do pre-service teachers pose multiplication problems instead of division problems in fractions? Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 490-494. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.148
Van De Walle, J. A., Karp, K. S., & Bay-Williams, J. M. (2012). İlkokul ve ortaokul matematiği: Gelişimsel yaklaşımla öğretim. S. Durmuş (Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (6. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zembat, İ. Ö. (2007). Sorun aynı–kavramlar; Kitle aynı-öğretmen adayları. İlköğretim Online, 6(2), 305-312.