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Crises, Reforms, and Scientific Improvements: Behaviorism in the Last Two Centuries

Year 2010, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 292 - 300, 26.06.2010

Abstract

The changes in the society evolve the theories; the changes in the theory affect the research; and, in
return, the changes in the theory and research change the society. Pursuing this widely-accepted idea, the aim of this
paper is to examine the development of behaviorism by analyzing the historical and socio-political events. The paper
emphasizes the philosophical bases of behaviorism namely realism, materialism and reductionism, and also some
corner stones of scientific, technological, and socio-political events such as World War I and II. In addition to these,
effects of those scientific improvements and crises are investigated in relation to the development of behaviorism
and education. Behaviorism is still used in many areas of education such as military education and technology-based
education. Lastly, this paper might contribute to the literature by pointing out the rebirth of behaviorism in the near
future as a result of socio-political concerns

References

  • Armstrong, D. M. (1968). Materialist theory of mind. London: Routledge
  • Bijou, S. W., Birnbrauer, J. S., Kidder, J. D. & Tague, C. (1968). Programmed instruction as an approach to the teaching of reading, writing and arithmetic to retarded children. US Department of Education, Educational Resources Information Centre. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No: ED019191).
  • Bilim, C. (1999). Aydnlanma ça!. Anadolu Universitesi, AçYk Öretim YayYnlarY. In GüneR,  & Bilim, C. (1999). Ça!da# dünya tarihi. EskiRehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi YayYnlarY
  • Bobbit, F. (1924). The new technique of curriculum-making. The Elementary School Journal, 75, 71-77.
  • Boli, J., Ramirez, F. O., Meyer, J. W. (1985). Explaining the origins and expansion of mass education. Comparative Education Review, 29 (2), 145-170.
  • Bondi, J. & Wiles, J. (1989). Curriculum development a guide to practice. United States: Merrill.
  • Burton, J.K, Moore, D.M. & Magliaro, S.G. (1996). Behaviorism and instructional technology. In D.H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (pp. 46-73). New York: Macmillan.
  • Curzon, L. B. (2004). Teaching in further education. London: MPG Books Ltd.
  • Cobban, A. (1999). Social interpretation of French revolution (2nd ed). UK: Cambridge University Press,
  • Eisner, E. W. (1967). Franklin Bobbitt and the "science" of curriculum making. The School Review, 75 (1), 29-47.
  • Eken, H. (2006). KüreselleRme ve ulus devlet (Globalization and Nation-State). Selçuk University Journal of Social Sciences, 16, 243-262.
  • Erdamar, G. & Demirel, M. (2008). YapYlandYrmacY örenme yaklaRYmYnYn duyuRsal ve biliRsel örenme ürünlerine etkisi. Türk E!itim Bilimleri Dergisi 6 (4), 629-661.
  • GüneR, . (1999). Birinci Dünya Sava#. Anadolu Üniversitesi, AçYk Öretim YayYnlarY. In GüneR,  & Bilim, C. (1999). Ça!da# dünya tarihi. EskiRehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi YayYnlarY.
  • Hargreaves, D. H. (1980). A sociological critique of individualism in education. British Journal of Educational Studies, 28 (3), 187-198.
  • Henson, K. (2006). Curriculum planning: integrating multiculturalism, constructivism and education reform. United States: Waveland Inc.
  • Lafferty, B. (2007). Behaviorism. Individual foundations report (EDUC 605 course). Retrieved in 12.11.2008 from http://5laffs.googlepages.com/EDUC_605_FR.pdf
  • Lumsdaine, A. A. (1959). Teaching machines and self-instructional materials. Educational Technology Research and Development, 7 (3), 163-181.
  • Oliva, P.F. (1997). Developing the curriculum. United States: Longman.
  • Ornstein, A.C. & Hunkins, F. P. (2004). Curriculum: foundations, principles and issues. United States: Pearson.
  • Oxford, R. L. (1997). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Constructivism: Shape-Shifting, Substance, and Teacher Education Applications. Peabody Journal of Educaton, 72 (1), 35-66.
  • Ozmon, H. A. & Craver, S. M. (2008). Philosophical foundations of education. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Rogers C. R. & Skinner, B. F. (1956). Some issues concerning the control of human behavior. Science, 124 (3231), 1057-1066.
  • Phillips, D. C. (1995). The good, the bad, and the ugly: The many faces of constructivism. Educational Researcher, 24 (7), 5-12.
  • Mergel, B. (1998). Instructional design and learning theory. University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 16th January, 2009 from http://www2.yk.psu.edu/
  • Munns, R. (n.d.). First-computer controversy finally nearing a conclusion. The Associated Press. Retrieved in 15th January, 2009 from http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/ ABC/Articles/First- computer.html
  • Science News Letter (1957). Describe USSR education. Science News Letter, 72 (21), 326.
  • Shimkin, D. B. (1959). Soviet-U.S. Education. Science News Letter, 75 (15), 234-235.
  • Skinner, B. F. (1948). Education in Walden Two. USA: Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc. In O’neill, W. F. (1983). Rethinking education: Selecting readings in the educational ideologies. USA: Kendal/Hunt Publishing Company.
  • Tyler, R. W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Yakut, K. (1999). <kinci Dünya Sava#. Anadolu Üniversitesi, AçYk Öretim YayYnlarY. In GüneR,  & Bilim, C. (1999). Ça!da# dünya tarihi. EskiRehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi YayYnlarY

Krizler, Reformlar ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık

Year 2010, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 292 - 300, 26.06.2010

Abstract

Bilindiği gibi yaşamdaki bilgilerin teorileri değiştirilmektedir ve teorilerdeki kitaplarıetkilemektedir; sonuç olarak teori ve araştırmalardaki kolaj de toplumu etkilemekte ve değiştirilmektedir. Bu görüşün alınmadığı, bu makalenin amacı ve sosyo-ekonomik olayları analiz ederek davranışçılığın gelişimini inceleme. Makale içeren davranışçılığın felsefi temellerini (realizm, materyalizm ve indirgemecilik) Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve Kinci Dünya Savaşı gibi önemli olayları vurgulamak. Bunlara ek olarak, bu olayların üzerinde meydana neden geliyor insanlık amaçlı inişler ve çıkışlar, davranışlığa ve eğitime olan şeyler. Davranışçılık günmece halen askeri eğitim ya da teknoloji-destekli eğitim gibi eğitimin var. Ve sonuç olarak, bu bu kadar neden birlik bütünlük çabaları ve sosyo-politik yeniden popülerlik kazanacağına işaret etmesi bakımından yazın alanına katkıda bulunacaktır.

References

  • Armstrong, D. M. (1968). Materialist theory of mind. London: Routledge
  • Bijou, S. W., Birnbrauer, J. S., Kidder, J. D. & Tague, C. (1968). Programmed instruction as an approach to the teaching of reading, writing and arithmetic to retarded children. US Department of Education, Educational Resources Information Centre. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No: ED019191).
  • Bilim, C. (1999). Aydnlanma ça!. Anadolu Universitesi, AçYk Öretim YayYnlarY. In GüneR,  & Bilim, C. (1999). Ça!da# dünya tarihi. EskiRehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi YayYnlarY
  • Bobbit, F. (1924). The new technique of curriculum-making. The Elementary School Journal, 75, 71-77.
  • Boli, J., Ramirez, F. O., Meyer, J. W. (1985). Explaining the origins and expansion of mass education. Comparative Education Review, 29 (2), 145-170.
  • Bondi, J. & Wiles, J. (1989). Curriculum development a guide to practice. United States: Merrill.
  • Burton, J.K, Moore, D.M. & Magliaro, S.G. (1996). Behaviorism and instructional technology. In D.H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (pp. 46-73). New York: Macmillan.
  • Curzon, L. B. (2004). Teaching in further education. London: MPG Books Ltd.
  • Cobban, A. (1999). Social interpretation of French revolution (2nd ed). UK: Cambridge University Press,
  • Eisner, E. W. (1967). Franklin Bobbitt and the "science" of curriculum making. The School Review, 75 (1), 29-47.
  • Eken, H. (2006). KüreselleRme ve ulus devlet (Globalization and Nation-State). Selçuk University Journal of Social Sciences, 16, 243-262.
  • Erdamar, G. & Demirel, M. (2008). YapYlandYrmacY örenme yaklaRYmYnYn duyuRsal ve biliRsel örenme ürünlerine etkisi. Türk E!itim Bilimleri Dergisi 6 (4), 629-661.
  • GüneR, . (1999). Birinci Dünya Sava#. Anadolu Üniversitesi, AçYk Öretim YayYnlarY. In GüneR,  & Bilim, C. (1999). Ça!da# dünya tarihi. EskiRehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi YayYnlarY.
  • Hargreaves, D. H. (1980). A sociological critique of individualism in education. British Journal of Educational Studies, 28 (3), 187-198.
  • Henson, K. (2006). Curriculum planning: integrating multiculturalism, constructivism and education reform. United States: Waveland Inc.
  • Lafferty, B. (2007). Behaviorism. Individual foundations report (EDUC 605 course). Retrieved in 12.11.2008 from http://5laffs.googlepages.com/EDUC_605_FR.pdf
  • Lumsdaine, A. A. (1959). Teaching machines and self-instructional materials. Educational Technology Research and Development, 7 (3), 163-181.
  • Oliva, P.F. (1997). Developing the curriculum. United States: Longman.
  • Ornstein, A.C. & Hunkins, F. P. (2004). Curriculum: foundations, principles and issues. United States: Pearson.
  • Oxford, R. L. (1997). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Constructivism: Shape-Shifting, Substance, and Teacher Education Applications. Peabody Journal of Educaton, 72 (1), 35-66.
  • Ozmon, H. A. & Craver, S. M. (2008). Philosophical foundations of education. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Rogers C. R. & Skinner, B. F. (1956). Some issues concerning the control of human behavior. Science, 124 (3231), 1057-1066.
  • Phillips, D. C. (1995). The good, the bad, and the ugly: The many faces of constructivism. Educational Researcher, 24 (7), 5-12.
  • Mergel, B. (1998). Instructional design and learning theory. University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 16th January, 2009 from http://www2.yk.psu.edu/
  • Munns, R. (n.d.). First-computer controversy finally nearing a conclusion. The Associated Press. Retrieved in 15th January, 2009 from http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/ ABC/Articles/First- computer.html
  • Science News Letter (1957). Describe USSR education. Science News Letter, 72 (21), 326.
  • Shimkin, D. B. (1959). Soviet-U.S. Education. Science News Letter, 75 (15), 234-235.
  • Skinner, B. F. (1948). Education in Walden Two. USA: Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc. In O’neill, W. F. (1983). Rethinking education: Selecting readings in the educational ideologies. USA: Kendal/Hunt Publishing Company.
  • Tyler, R. W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Yakut, K. (1999). <kinci Dünya Sava#. Anadolu Üniversitesi, AçYk Öretim YayYnlarY. In GüneR,  & Bilim, C. (1999). Ça!da# dünya tarihi. EskiRehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi YayYnlarY
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tuba Gökmenoğlu This is me

Esra Eret

Ercan Kiraz This is me

Publication Date June 26, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gökmenoğlu, T., Eret, E., & Kiraz, E. (2010). Krizler, Reformlar ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık. İlköğretim Online, 9(1), 292-300.
AMA Gökmenoğlu T, Eret E, Kiraz E. Krizler, Reformlar ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık. EEO. March 2010;9(1):292-300.
Chicago Gökmenoğlu, Tuba, Esra Eret, and Ercan Kiraz. “Krizler, Reformlar Ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık”. İlköğretim Online 9, no. 1 (March 2010): 292-300.
EndNote Gökmenoğlu T, Eret E, Kiraz E (March 1, 2010) Krizler, Reformlar ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık. İlköğretim Online 9 1 292–300.
IEEE T. Gökmenoğlu, E. Eret, and E. Kiraz, “Krizler, Reformlar ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık”, EEO, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 292–300, 2010.
ISNAD Gökmenoğlu, Tuba et al. “Krizler, Reformlar Ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık”. İlköğretim Online 9/1 (March 2010), 292-300.
JAMA Gökmenoğlu T, Eret E, Kiraz E. Krizler, Reformlar ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık. EEO. 2010;9:292–300.
MLA Gökmenoğlu, Tuba et al. “Krizler, Reformlar Ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık”. İlköğretim Online, vol. 9, no. 1, 2010, pp. 292-00.
Vancouver Gökmenoğlu T, Eret E, Kiraz E. Krizler, Reformlar ve Bilimsel İlerlemeler: Son İki Yüzyılda Davranışçılık. EEO. 2010;9(1):292-300.