Balkı-Girgin, A. (2001). The Evalation of the implementation of the project based method by Konya esentepe private elementary school. Unpublished master thesis, Selçuk University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Konya.
Bartscher, H.J., Gould, B., & Nutter, S. (1995). Increasing student motivation through project-based learning. Master’s research project xavier and IRI skylight. (ED392549). Resource: Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved 20 December, 2003 from http://www. auotdesk.com/foundation.
BIE. (2002). Introduction to project based learning. Retrieved October 26, 2002, from http.// www.bie.org/pbl/pblhanbook/BIE-DBLintropdf.
Blumenfeld, Phyllis C., Soloway, E., Marx, R. W., Krajcik, J. S., Guzdial, M., & Palinscar, A. (1991). Motivating project-based learning sustaining the doing, supporting the learning. Educational Psychologist, 26 (3-4), 369-398, Retrieved June 22, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Boaler J. (1997). Experiencing school mathematics; teaching styles, sex and settings. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press. Resource: Thomas, J. W. (200). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved 20 December, 2003, from Http://www. auotdesk.com/foundation.
Bogdan, R. C. & Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitative research in education: an introduction to theory and methods (3th ed.). Allyn and Bacon A Viacom Comp.
Carr, T., & Jitendra, A. K. (2000). Using hypermedia and multimedia to promote project-based learning of at-risk high school students. Intervention in School & Clinic, 36 (1), 40-44. p Retrieved November 19, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Chard, S. C. (1998). Project approach. Retrieved October 9, 2003 from http://www.project- approach.com/development/phases.htm
Creswell, W. J. (1994). Research design: qualitative and quantitative approaches. London: Sage Publications.
Curtis, D. (2002). The power of projects. Educational Leadership, 60 (1), 50-53. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
CTCs (2003). Promising practices in project-based learning at ctcs: Real tools for real purposes. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.americaconnects.net/research/PBL.pdf
Demirhan, C. (2002). Project based learning approach in curriculum development. Unpublished master thesis, Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara.
Erdem, M. (2002). The project-based learning. Journal of Education Faculty, Hacettepe University 22,172-179.
Erdem, M., & Akkoyunlu, B. (2002). A study on project-based learning in in the fifth grade social studies lesson. lkogretim-online, 1 (1). Retrieved September 25, 2003 from http://www. lkogretim-online.org.tr/ 1 (1).
Ferretti, R. P., & Okolo, C. M. (1996). Authenticity in learning: multimedia design projects in the social studies for students with. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29 (5), 450-460. p. Retrieved October, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Frank, M., & Barzilai, A. (2004). Integrating alternative assesment in a project-based learning course for pre-service science and technology teachers. Assesment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29 (1), 41-61.
Gaer, S. (1998). Less teaching and more learning. National Centerfor the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy. Retrieved May 20, 2005, from http://www.ncsall.net/?id=385
Gay, L. R. (1987). Educational research competencies for analysis and application (3th ed.). London: Merrill Publishing Company.
Grant, M. M. (2002). Getting a grip on project-based learning: theory, cases and recommendations. Meridian: A Middle School Computer Technologies Journal, 5 (1). Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.ncsu.edu/meridian/win2002/514/3.html.
Halilo lu, Z. ve Asan, A. (2004). Effectiveness of project based learning in (selective) computer courses at second stage of primary schools. XIIth Educational Sciences Congress Proceedings. V:II. Ankara: Gazi University Graduate School of Educational Sciences.
Holst, J. K. (2003). Implementing project-based learning in preservice teacher education. Retrieved December 20, 2004, from http://surveys.canterbury.ac.nz/herdsa03/pdfsnon/N1085.pdf
Horan, C., Lavaroni, C. ve Beldon, P. (1996). Observation of the tinker tech program students for critical thinking and social participation behaviors. Novato. CA: Buck Institute for Education. Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved November 20, 2003, from http://www.auotdesk.com/foundation.
Howard, J. (2002). Technology-enhanced project based learning in teacher education: addressing the goals of transfer. Technology and Education, 10 (3), 344-364. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.aace.org/dl/files/JTATE/JTATE103343.pdf
Katz, L. G. (1994). The Project approach. ERIC.EECE Publications, Digest EDO-PS-94-6. Retrieved October 9, 2003 from http://eriece.org/pubs/digest/1994/lk-pro94.html
Korkmaz, H., & Kaptan, F. (2002). Effects of the project-based learning upon academic achievement, academic self-realisation and the periods of time spared for studying lessons in primary school students in terms of science lessons. Journal of Education Faculty, University of Hacettepe, 22, 91-97.
Krajcik, J. S., Blumenfeld P. C., Marx R. W., & Soloway, E.(1994). A collaborative model for helping middle-grade science teachers learn project-based instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 94 (5), 483-497. Retrieved from EBSCO research database.
Ladewski, B. G., Krajcik, J. S., & Harvey, C. L. (1994). A middle grade science teacher’s emerging understanding of project-based learning. The Elementary School Journal, 94 (5), Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Marx, R. W., Blumenfeld, P. C., Krajcik, J. S.,& and Soloway, E. (1997). Enacting project based science: challenges for practice and policy. The Elementary School Journal, 97 (4), 341-358. Retrieved from EBSCO research database.
Meyer, D. K. Turner, J. C. ve Spencer, C.A (1997). Challenge in a mathematics classroom: students’ motivation and strategies in project based learning. The Elementary School Journal, 97, 5: 501- 521.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). An expanded sourcebook qualitative data analysis. (2nd ed.). California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Moss, D., & Duzer, C. V. (1998). Project based learning for adult english language learners. National Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education Washington DC. (ERIC Digest ED427556). Retrieved September 5, 2003 from http://www.ericfacility.net/databases/ERIC_Digest/ed427556.html.
Moursund, D. G. (2001). Problem-based learning and project-based learning. Retrieved October 18, 2002 from http://www.uoregon.edu/~moursund/Math/pbl.htm.
Moursund, D.G. (1999a). Project-based learning using information technology. Eugene, OR: ISTE. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.iste.org/.
Moursund, D.G. (1999b). Implementing a pbl lesson. Reprinted with permission from Project-Based Learning Using Information Technology by David Moursund.. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.edteachers.org/documents/PBL/ISTE session6.
Moursund, D.G. (1998). Project-based learning in an information-technology environment. Learning and http://firstsearch.oclc.org/html/webscript.html Technology, 25 (8). Retrieved May 17, 2004 from
Moursund, D., Bielefeldt, T., & Underwood, S. (1997). Foundations for the road ahead: project-based learning http://www.iste.org/research/roadahead/pbl.htm. technologies. Retrieved October 18, 2002 from
O uzkan, A. F. (1989). Teaching in secondary schools (objective, principles, method and techniques) (2nd ed.)Ankara: Emel Publications.
Özdener, N., & Özçoban, T. (2004). A project based learning model's effectiveness on computer courses and multiple ıntelligence theory. Education Sciences In Theory and Practice, 4 (1), 147- 170.
Penuel, W. R., Korbak, C., Cole, K. A. ve Jump, O. (1999). Imagination, production, and collaboration in project based learning using multimedia. Computer Support for Collaborative Learning, http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/sri/ReportsPDFFiles/CSCLReport.pdf
Peterson, S. E., & Myer, R. A. (1995). The use of collaborative project-based learning in counselor education. Counselor Education & Supervision, 35 (2), 150-158. Retrieved November 18, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Philips, D., Burwood, S., & Dunford, H. (1999). Projects with young learners. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Preuss, D. A. (2002). Creating a project-based curriculum. Tech Directions, 62 (3), Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Regie Stites of SRI (1998). Evaluation of project based learning: what does research say about outcomes from project based learning? Project-Based Learning with Multimedia. Retrieved December 03, 2003 from http://pblmm.k12.c .us/PBLGuide/pblresch.htm.
Rose, T. D. (1999). Middle school teachers: using individualized instruction strategies. Intervention in School & Clinic, 34 (3), 137-143. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Shanley, M. K. (1999). Project method in teaching. Activity Programs in Education, Curriculum Administrator, 35 (10), 38-42 5p Retrieved November 18, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Shepherd, H. G. (1998). The probe method: A problem based learning model’s effect on critical thinking skills of fourth and fifth grade social studies students. Dissertation Abstract Internatinonal, Section A. Humanites and Social Sciences, 59 (3-A), p.0779. Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved November 20, 2003, from http://www.auotdesk.com/foundation.
Simkins, M. (1999). Project-based learning with multimedia. Thrust for Educational Leadership, 28 (4), 10-13. Retrieved. November 19, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Solomon, G. (2003). Project-based learning: a primer. Technology &Learning, 23 (6), Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Thomas, J. W. (200). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved 20 December, 2003 from http://www. auotdesk.com/foundation.
Tretten, R., & Zachario, P. (1997). Learning about project based learning: self assessment of project based learning in tinkertech schools. San Rafael, CA: The AutoDesk Foundation. Resource:
Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved 20 December, 2003, from Http://www. auotdesk.com/foundation.
Victor, E., & Kellough, R. D. (1997). Science for the elementary and middle school. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Wrigley, H. S. (1998). Knowledge in action: the promise of project based learning. Focus on Basics, 2 (Issue D). Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://gseweb.harvard.edu/~ncsall/fob/1998/wrigley.htm.
Wolf, S. J. (Ed). (2002). Design features for Project based learning. Design Share, Retrieved February 17, 2005, from http://designshare.com/Research/Wolff/ProjectLearning.htm.
Ya ar, . & Selvi, K. (1999). Evaluation of science education programs in secondary education. 4th Booklet of the Congregation of Education Sciences. 10-12 September 1997. Eski ehir: Publications of Faculty of Education, Anadolu University.
Yıldırım, A., & im ek, H. (2000). Qualitative research methods in social sciences (2nd ed). Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi
Year 2007,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 93 - 112, 01.03.2007
Balkı-Girgin, A. (2001). The Evalation of the implementation of the project based method by Konya esentepe private elementary school. Unpublished master thesis, Selçuk University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Konya.
Bartscher, H.J., Gould, B., & Nutter, S. (1995). Increasing student motivation through project-based learning. Master’s research project xavier and IRI skylight. (ED392549). Resource: Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved 20 December, 2003 from http://www. auotdesk.com/foundation.
BIE. (2002). Introduction to project based learning. Retrieved October 26, 2002, from http.// www.bie.org/pbl/pblhanbook/BIE-DBLintropdf.
Blumenfeld, Phyllis C., Soloway, E., Marx, R. W., Krajcik, J. S., Guzdial, M., & Palinscar, A. (1991). Motivating project-based learning sustaining the doing, supporting the learning. Educational Psychologist, 26 (3-4), 369-398, Retrieved June 22, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Boaler J. (1997). Experiencing school mathematics; teaching styles, sex and settings. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press. Resource: Thomas, J. W. (200). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved 20 December, 2003, from Http://www. auotdesk.com/foundation.
Bogdan, R. C. & Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitative research in education: an introduction to theory and methods (3th ed.). Allyn and Bacon A Viacom Comp.
Carr, T., & Jitendra, A. K. (2000). Using hypermedia and multimedia to promote project-based learning of at-risk high school students. Intervention in School & Clinic, 36 (1), 40-44. p Retrieved November 19, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Chard, S. C. (1998). Project approach. Retrieved October 9, 2003 from http://www.project- approach.com/development/phases.htm
Creswell, W. J. (1994). Research design: qualitative and quantitative approaches. London: Sage Publications.
Curtis, D. (2002). The power of projects. Educational Leadership, 60 (1), 50-53. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
CTCs (2003). Promising practices in project-based learning at ctcs: Real tools for real purposes. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.americaconnects.net/research/PBL.pdf
Demirhan, C. (2002). Project based learning approach in curriculum development. Unpublished master thesis, Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara.
Erdem, M. (2002). The project-based learning. Journal of Education Faculty, Hacettepe University 22,172-179.
Erdem, M., & Akkoyunlu, B. (2002). A study on project-based learning in in the fifth grade social studies lesson. lkogretim-online, 1 (1). Retrieved September 25, 2003 from http://www. lkogretim-online.org.tr/ 1 (1).
Ferretti, R. P., & Okolo, C. M. (1996). Authenticity in learning: multimedia design projects in the social studies for students with. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29 (5), 450-460. p. Retrieved October, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Frank, M., & Barzilai, A. (2004). Integrating alternative assesment in a project-based learning course for pre-service science and technology teachers. Assesment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29 (1), 41-61.
Gaer, S. (1998). Less teaching and more learning. National Centerfor the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy. Retrieved May 20, 2005, from http://www.ncsall.net/?id=385
Gay, L. R. (1987). Educational research competencies for analysis and application (3th ed.). London: Merrill Publishing Company.
Grant, M. M. (2002). Getting a grip on project-based learning: theory, cases and recommendations. Meridian: A Middle School Computer Technologies Journal, 5 (1). Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.ncsu.edu/meridian/win2002/514/3.html.
Halilo lu, Z. ve Asan, A. (2004). Effectiveness of project based learning in (selective) computer courses at second stage of primary schools. XIIth Educational Sciences Congress Proceedings. V:II. Ankara: Gazi University Graduate School of Educational Sciences.
Holst, J. K. (2003). Implementing project-based learning in preservice teacher education. Retrieved December 20, 2004, from http://surveys.canterbury.ac.nz/herdsa03/pdfsnon/N1085.pdf
Horan, C., Lavaroni, C. ve Beldon, P. (1996). Observation of the tinker tech program students for critical thinking and social participation behaviors. Novato. CA: Buck Institute for Education. Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved November 20, 2003, from http://www.auotdesk.com/foundation.
Howard, J. (2002). Technology-enhanced project based learning in teacher education: addressing the goals of transfer. Technology and Education, 10 (3), 344-364. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.aace.org/dl/files/JTATE/JTATE103343.pdf
Katz, L. G. (1994). The Project approach. ERIC.EECE Publications, Digest EDO-PS-94-6. Retrieved October 9, 2003 from http://eriece.org/pubs/digest/1994/lk-pro94.html
Korkmaz, H., & Kaptan, F. (2002). Effects of the project-based learning upon academic achievement, academic self-realisation and the periods of time spared for studying lessons in primary school students in terms of science lessons. Journal of Education Faculty, University of Hacettepe, 22, 91-97.
Krajcik, J. S., Blumenfeld P. C., Marx R. W., & Soloway, E.(1994). A collaborative model for helping middle-grade science teachers learn project-based instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 94 (5), 483-497. Retrieved from EBSCO research database.
Ladewski, B. G., Krajcik, J. S., & Harvey, C. L. (1994). A middle grade science teacher’s emerging understanding of project-based learning. The Elementary School Journal, 94 (5), Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Marx, R. W., Blumenfeld, P. C., Krajcik, J. S.,& and Soloway, E. (1997). Enacting project based science: challenges for practice and policy. The Elementary School Journal, 97 (4), 341-358. Retrieved from EBSCO research database.
Meyer, D. K. Turner, J. C. ve Spencer, C.A (1997). Challenge in a mathematics classroom: students’ motivation and strategies in project based learning. The Elementary School Journal, 97, 5: 501- 521.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). An expanded sourcebook qualitative data analysis. (2nd ed.). California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Moss, D., & Duzer, C. V. (1998). Project based learning for adult english language learners. National Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education Washington DC. (ERIC Digest ED427556). Retrieved September 5, 2003 from http://www.ericfacility.net/databases/ERIC_Digest/ed427556.html.
Moursund, D. G. (2001). Problem-based learning and project-based learning. Retrieved October 18, 2002 from http://www.uoregon.edu/~moursund/Math/pbl.htm.
Moursund, D.G. (1999a). Project-based learning using information technology. Eugene, OR: ISTE. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.iste.org/.
Moursund, D.G. (1999b). Implementing a pbl lesson. Reprinted with permission from Project-Based Learning Using Information Technology by David Moursund.. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://www.edteachers.org/documents/PBL/ISTE session6.
Moursund, D.G. (1998). Project-based learning in an information-technology environment. Learning and http://firstsearch.oclc.org/html/webscript.html Technology, 25 (8). Retrieved May 17, 2004 from
Moursund, D., Bielefeldt, T., & Underwood, S. (1997). Foundations for the road ahead: project-based learning http://www.iste.org/research/roadahead/pbl.htm. technologies. Retrieved October 18, 2002 from
O uzkan, A. F. (1989). Teaching in secondary schools (objective, principles, method and techniques) (2nd ed.)Ankara: Emel Publications.
Özdener, N., & Özçoban, T. (2004). A project based learning model's effectiveness on computer courses and multiple ıntelligence theory. Education Sciences In Theory and Practice, 4 (1), 147- 170.
Penuel, W. R., Korbak, C., Cole, K. A. ve Jump, O. (1999). Imagination, production, and collaboration in project based learning using multimedia. Computer Support for Collaborative Learning, http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/sri/ReportsPDFFiles/CSCLReport.pdf
Peterson, S. E., & Myer, R. A. (1995). The use of collaborative project-based learning in counselor education. Counselor Education & Supervision, 35 (2), 150-158. Retrieved November 18, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Philips, D., Burwood, S., & Dunford, H. (1999). Projects with young learners. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Preuss, D. A. (2002). Creating a project-based curriculum. Tech Directions, 62 (3), Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Regie Stites of SRI (1998). Evaluation of project based learning: what does research say about outcomes from project based learning? Project-Based Learning with Multimedia. Retrieved December 03, 2003 from http://pblmm.k12.c .us/PBLGuide/pblresch.htm.
Rose, T. D. (1999). Middle school teachers: using individualized instruction strategies. Intervention in School & Clinic, 34 (3), 137-143. Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Shanley, M. K. (1999). Project method in teaching. Activity Programs in Education, Curriculum Administrator, 35 (10), 38-42 5p Retrieved November 18, 2001 from EBSCO research database.
Shepherd, H. G. (1998). The probe method: A problem based learning model’s effect on critical thinking skills of fourth and fifth grade social studies students. Dissertation Abstract Internatinonal, Section A. Humanites and Social Sciences, 59 (3-A), p.0779. Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved November 20, 2003, from http://www.auotdesk.com/foundation.
Simkins, M. (1999). Project-based learning with multimedia. Thrust for Educational Leadership, 28 (4), 10-13. Retrieved. November 19, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Solomon, G. (2003). Project-based learning: a primer. Technology &Learning, 23 (6), Retrieved May 17, 2004 from EBSCO research database.
Thomas, J. W. (200). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved 20 December, 2003 from http://www. auotdesk.com/foundation.
Tretten, R., & Zachario, P. (1997). Learning about project based learning: self assessment of project based learning in tinkertech schools. San Rafael, CA: The AutoDesk Foundation. Resource:
Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project- based learning. Retrieved 20 December, 2003, from Http://www. auotdesk.com/foundation.
Victor, E., & Kellough, R. D. (1997). Science for the elementary and middle school. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Wrigley, H. S. (1998). Knowledge in action: the promise of project based learning. Focus on Basics, 2 (Issue D). Retrieved May 17, 2004 from http://gseweb.harvard.edu/~ncsall/fob/1998/wrigley.htm.
Wolf, S. J. (Ed). (2002). Design features for Project based learning. Design Share, Retrieved February 17, 2005, from http://designshare.com/Research/Wolff/ProjectLearning.htm.
Ya ar, . & Selvi, K. (1999). Evaluation of science education programs in secondary education. 4th Booklet of the Congregation of Education Sciences. 10-12 September 1997. Eski ehir: Publications of Faculty of Education, Anadolu University.
Yıldırım, A., & im ek, H. (2000). Qualitative research methods in social sciences (2nd ed). Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
Yılmaz, F., & Gültekin, M. (2007). Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi. İlköğretim Online, 6(1), 93-112.
AMA
Yılmaz F, Gültekin M. Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi. İOO. March 2007;6(1):93-112.
Chicago
Yılmaz, Fatih, and Mehmet Gültekin. “Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi”. İlköğretim Online 6, no. 1 (March 2007): 93-112.
EndNote
Yılmaz F, Gültekin M (March 1, 2007) Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi. İlköğretim Online 6 1 93–112.
IEEE
F. Yılmaz and M. Gültekin, “Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi”, İOO, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 93–112, 2007.
ISNAD
Yılmaz, Fatih - Gültekin, Mehmet. “Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi”. İlköğretim Online 6/1 (March 2007), 93-112.
JAMA
Yılmaz F, Gültekin M. Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi. İOO. 2007;6:93–112.
MLA
Yılmaz, Fatih and Mehmet Gültekin. “Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi”. İlköğretim Online, vol. 6, no. 1, 2007, pp. 93-112.
Vancouver
Yılmaz F, Gültekin M. Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Beşinci Sınıf Fen Bilgisi Dersinde Öğrenme Ürünlerine Etkisi. İOO. 2007;6(1):93-112.