Öğrenme Döngüsü Yaklaşımıyla İlköğretimde Fen Nasıl Öğretilmelidir?

Year 2006, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 1 - 15, 26.06.2006

Hakan Türkmen

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Piaget’nin zekâ modeli ışığında Öğrenme Döngüsü yaklaşımını
bilimsel yayınlar ışığında açıklamaktır. Temel olarak “keşfetme”, “terim tanıtma”, ve
“kavram uygulaması” gibi üç ana bölümden oluşan Öğrenme Döngüsü öğrenci-merkezli bir
öğretim yaklaşımıdır. Türk eğitiminde sıklıkla kullanılan ders kitaplarına dayanan öğretim
metodundan ziyade öğrencilerin deneyiminden gelişen bu Öğrenme Döngüsü yaklaşımı,
tamamıyla diğer yöntemlerden farklı bir fen bilgisi öğretim yoludur. Bu çalışmada Öğrenme
Döngüsü yaklaşımının “zihinsel çalışma modeli” ve “kavramsal gelişim” evrelerinden oluşan
Piaget’nin zekâ modelinden nasıl türetildiği açıklanacaktır. Ayrıca eğitimin amacı ile
Öğrenme Döngüsü yaklaşımının biri birini nasıl tamamladığı ve fen bilgisinin doğası ile nasıl
örtüştüğü gösterilecektir. Öğrenme Döngüsü yaklaşımı bizim geleneksel fen bilgisi öğretim
yöntemimizi değiştirecektir. Modern ülkeler seviyesini yakalamak için eğitimde gerekli olan
yeniklerden birisi de, Öğrenme Döngüsü yaklaşımını fen bilgisi programına Türk kültürü ile
karışımını sağlayıp en kısa zamanda bütünleştirmektir.

Keywords

Öğrenme Döngüsü yaklaşımını, Fen bilgisi eğitimi, Piaget’nin Zekâ Modeli, Zihinsel Çalışma Modeli, Kavramsal Gelişim

How should science be taught by using learning cycle approach in elementary schools?

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explain “Learning Cycle” approach in the
light of Piagetian Model of Intelligence. Basically, Learning Cycle, which consists of three
essential phases, exploration, term introduction, and concept application, is a studentcentered
teaching procedure. This Learning Cycle approach is a totally different way of
teaching science which comes from students’ experiences, rather than through other learning
methods relying on the textbook, which is generally being used in Turkish education. I will
explain how derived learning cycle approach from the work of Piaget’s theory, which consist
of Model of Mental Functioning and Stages of Cognitive Development. I will also show how
the Learning Cycle approach covers purpose of education and nature of science. Learning
Cycle is going to change our traditional method of teaching science. To catch up modern
western civilization in the field of education, somehow we should integrate Learning Cycle
approach, which is one of innovations in education, in our science curriculum as soon as
possible.

Keywords

Learning Cycle Approach, Science Education, Piaget’s Model of Intelligence, Mental Functioning, Cognitive Development

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