Abstract

Türkiye’nin Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik sağladığı hukuksal statü, geçici korumadır. Geçici koruma statüsü, ‘mülteci’ statüsü ile aynı olmadığı gibi, sağlanan imkân ve ulaşılabilen haklar da aynı şekilde kısıtlıdır. Hali hazırda geçicilik üzerinde sağlanan bu statünün, orta ve uzun vadede Türkiye’de ikamet edeceği anlaşılan Suriyelilerin yaşam ve çalışma koşullarını tartışmalı hale getirmiştir. Özellikle iş hayatı açısından, yasal çalışma iznine erişim konusunda veya çalışma izni alabildikten sonra dahi makul şartlarda iş bulabilme konusunda geçici koruma statüsüne sahip Suriyeliler de kimi sorunlarla karşılaşmaktadır. Başka bazı sektörlerde olduğu gibi tekstil ve hazır giyim sektöründe Suriyeli işçiler olumsuz çalışma şartlarına maruz kalabilmektedir. Bu noktada, Suriyeli tekstil ve hazır giyim işçilerinin çalışma şartlarının iyileştirilmesi konusunda Türkiye’den ürün tedarik eden çok uluslu şirketlerin de alabilecekleri tedbirler bulunmaktadır. Özellikle bu şirketlerin, küresel tedarik zincirleri üzerinde, çalışma hayatı ve insan hakları alanında öngörülen insan haklarına ilişkin özen yükümlülüklerini yerine getirmeleri halinde, bilhassa bu şirketlerin tedarik zincirinde yer alan işletmelerde çalışan Suriyeli işçilerin çalışma hayatlarında önemli düzeltmeler yapılabilecektir. Bu doğrultuda, işbu yazıda Suriyeli işçilerin Türkiye’deki hukuki statülerine ve hazır giyim sektöründeki çalışma şartlarına ilişkin açıklamalardan sonra çok uluslu şirketlerin, Türkiye’deki hazır giyim sektörü kontekstinde Suriyeli işçilerin durumlarının iyileştirilmesi açısından insan hakları özen yükümlülüğü kapsamında atabilecekleri adımlara ve alabilecekleri tedbirlere dair önerilerde bulunulacaktır.

Keywords

• Suriyeli Mülteci; Geçici Koruma; Göç Politikası; Çok Uluslu Şirketler; Çalışma izni

TRANSNATIONAL COMPANIES, HUMAN RIGHTS DUE DILIGENCE AND SYRIAN REFUGEES: A CASE STUDY OF TURKEY

Abstract

The legal status provided to Syrian refugees in Turkey is called temporary protection. It is not the same as the refugee status and it provides more limited rights and opportunities. After all these years since the start of the mass migration of Syrians to Turkey, it has become clear that this temporary legal status complicates the living and work conditions of these people, who apparently will be staying in Turkey in the mid to long term future. Particularly in terms of work life, Syrian refugees are faced with challenges not only in obtaining legal work permits, but also in finding jobs with decent working conditions even if they have work permits. Being one of the primary sectors where Syrian workers are present, the ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Turkey has this problem as well. In this respect, in order to improve the working conditions of the Syrian workers, there are some measures that transnational textile companies sourcing from Turkey. For one, if these transnational companies (TNCs) conduct human rights due diligence (HRDD) over the working conditions and human rights enjoyment throughout their supply chains in Turkey, there could be significant improvements in the conditions of these Syrian workers. To this end, in this study, after providing some explanations on the legal status of Syrian workers in Turkey and their working conditions in the RMG sector, recommendations will be offered on what measures TNCs can take as a part of their HRDD over their supply chains in Turkey in order to improve working conditions of the Syrian workers.

Keywords

• Syrian refugees
• Temporary protection
• Migration policy
• TNCs
• Work permit

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