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Regional and Global Regulations and New Remedies on the Prevention of Violence Against Women from the Perspective of International Law

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 179 - 207, 20.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.58733/imhfd.1267374

Abstract

In this study, essentially regional and global international law regulations on the prevention of violence against women, have been examined. While doing this, the issue has been evaluated from a regional and global perspective. In this context, the “Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women” has been discussed. The Convention was prepared within the Organization of American States (OAS) and opened for signature on 9 June 1994. It entered into force on 3 May 1995 in accordance with Article 21 of the Convention. The Convention in question is the first Convention on violence against women at the regional level. The Convention, evaluated below, is open to the participation of States that are not members of the said Organization (Article 17). The Convention consists of a total of 5 Chapters and 25 Articles. Accordingly, the Definition and Scope of the Covenant in Chapter 1, the rights protected in Chapter 2, the duties and responsibilities of States Parties in Chapter 3, the American States protection mechanisms in Chapter 4, and finally General provisions are included in Chapter 5. Also, within the scope of the study, Turkey’s national legislation on violence against women and girls, the conventions to which it is a party in terms of international law, and the individual application remedies it recognizes have been pointed out, and suggestions have been put forward on what can be done at the global level in the coming period.

References

  • EDİZ, Ayşe / ALTAN, Şenol, “Türkiye’de Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması”, TBB Dergisi, 2017 (özel sayı), (ss. 397-410).
  • AMIRTHALINGAM, Kumaralingam, “Women’s Rights, International Norms, and Domestic Violence: Asian Perspectives”, (in Dianne OTTO (Ed.), Gender Issues and Human Rights, Volume III, Elgar Research Collection, 2013, (ss. 580-605)).
  • ARMAĞAN, Servet, İslâm Hukukunda Temel Hak ve Hürriyetler, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları, 6. Baskı, Ankara, 2006.
  • BOZKURT, Enver / KANAT, Selim / BEKTAŞ, Sezercan, Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukuku, Legem, Ankara, 2020.
  • ÇELİKEL, Aysel, “Kadınlara Karşı Her Türlü Ayrımcılığın Kaldırılması Hakkında Sözleşme ve Türkiye’nin Koyduğu Çekinceler”, MHB, Y. 10, S. 1-2, 1990, (ss. 59-64).
  • DEMİR, Ebru, “The European Court of Human Rights’ Engagement with International Human Rights Instruments: Looking at the Cases of Domestic Violence”, The Age of Human Rights Journal, 17, (December, 2021), (ss. 79-96).
  • DOST, Süleyman, “Uluslararası Bir İnsan Hakları Belgesi Olarak Arap İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi”, TAAD, Y. 9, S. 35, (Temmuz 2018), (ss. 81-110).
  • GEMALMAZ, Mehmet Semih, Ulusalüstü İnsan Hakları Hukukunun Genel Teori- sine Giriş, Legal, İstanbul, 2010.
  • HENRIKSEN, Anders, International Law, Oxford, 2019.
  • KALABALIK, Halil, İnsan Hakları Hukukuna Giriş, Seçkin, Ankara, 2. Baskı, 2019. ÖKTEM, Emre, Uluslararası Teamül Hukuku, Beta, İstanbul, 2013.
  • ÖNCÜ, Gülay Arslan, “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi Sisteminde Kadına Karşı Aile İçi Şiddet Olgusu ve Bununla Mücadele Araçları”, Public and Private International Law Bulletin, Vol. 32, Iss. 2, (ss. 1-37).
  • ÖZBUDUN, Ergun, Türk Anayasa Hukuku, Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2019.
  • ÖZKAN, Gizem, “Kadına Yönelik Şiddet-Aile İçi Şiddet ve Konuya İlişkin Uluslararası Metinler Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Hacettepe HFD, 7(1), 2017, (ss. 533-564).
  • PASQUALUCCI, Jo M., The Practice and Procedure of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Cambridge, 2013.
  • FREEMAN, Marsha A. / CHINKIN, Christine / RUDOLF, Beate (Ed), The UN Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women, Oxford, 2013.
  • TÜTÜNCÜ, Ayşe Nur, İnsancıl Hukuka Giriş, Beta, 4. Bası, İstanbul, 2019.
  • TYAGI, Yogesh, The UN Human Rights Committee, Cambridge, 2011.
  • ULUTAŞ, Ahmet, Birleşmiş Milletlerde İnsan Hakları Mekanizmaları ve Bireysel Başvuru Yolları, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2019.
  • AKKAŞ, İbrahim / UYANIK, Zeki, “Kadına Yönelik Şiddet”, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 6 (1), 2016, (ss. 32-42).
  • BALDEZ, Lisa, Why Not Amend CEDAW? (28.11.2018); https://genderpolicyreport. umn.edu/why-not-amend-cedaw/, E.T. 17.04.2022.
  • RUBINSTEIN, Helen, Time for a Change: The Need for a Binding International Treaty on Violence Against Women; https://globalrightsforwomen.org/wp-content/uploads/ 2018/11/Time_for_a_Change.pdf, E.T. 28.05.2022.
  • AYTAÇ, Serpil / ETEMAN, Fatma Sert / AYDIN, Gülşen Çetin / REÇBER, Bircan / SEZEN, Hayrettin Kemal, Kadına Yönelik Şiddetin Dünü, Bugünü, Yarını: Kestirim Tabanlı Bir Araştırma, Sosyoloji Konferansları, No: 54 (2016-2), (ss. 275-297); https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/267920, E.T. 17.04.2022.
  • https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/women/srwomen/pages/srwomenindex.aspx#:~:text= Ms.,from%20the%20University%20of%20Zagreb., E.T. 08.04.2021.
  • https://www.oic-oci.org/upload/pages/conventions/en/CDHRI_2021_ENG.pdf, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://ww1.oic-oci.org/english/convenion/Statue_of_the_oic_women_development_ org_en.pdf, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/women/srwomen/pages/srwomenindex.aspx, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-violence-against-women, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=17 9&Lang=EN, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=17 9&Lang=EN, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.6284.pdf, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://magdur.adalet.gov.tr/, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://magdur.adalet.gov.tr/Resimler/Dokuman/19102020111414154-1-NOLU- GENELGE.pdf, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://www.aile.gov.tr/media/82082/kadina-yonelik-siddetle-mucadele-iv-ulusal-eylem -plani-2021-2025.pdf, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum =210, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/violenceagainstwomen.aspx, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/1_Global/CEDAW_ C_GC_35_8267_E.pdf, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/sigs/a-61.html, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://www.oas.org/en/CIM/about.asp, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/about.asp, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/experts.asp, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/Experts.asp, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/in-focus-gender-equality-in-covid-19-response/ violence-against-women-during-covid-19, E.T. 11.6.2021.
  • https://legal.un.org/ilc/, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://sozluk.gov.tr/, E.T. 17.04.2022.
  • Framework of Cooperation between the CEDAW Committee and the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women; https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/1_Global/INT_CEDAW_SUS_8787_E.pdf, E.T. 05.06.2022.
  • “Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates"; https://www.who.int/publications/i/ item/9789240022256, E.T. 17.08.2022.
  • UN expert to visit Türkiye to assess violence against women; https://www.ohchr.org/en/ media-advisories/2022/07/un-expert-visit-turkiye-assess-violence-against-women, E.T. 17.08.2022.
  • Articles 2, 3 and 14, Equal Access to Justice in the Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights on Violence against Women, Research Division, Council of Euro- pe/European Court of Human Rights, 2015; https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/ Research_report_equal_access_justice_violence_women_ENG.PDF, E.T. 20.08.2022.
  • European Parliament resolution of 5 May 2022 on the impact of the war against Ukraine on women (2022/2633(RSP))”; https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/ TA-9-2022-0206_EN.html, E.T. 22.08.2022.

Uluslararası Hukuk Perspektifinden Kadına Karşı Şiddetin Önlenmesi Konusundaki Bölgesel ve Küresel Düzenlemeler ile Yeni Çareler

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 179 - 207, 20.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.58733/imhfd.1267374

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, esas itibarıyla kadına karşı şiddetin önlenmesi konusundaki, bölgesel ve küresel uluslararası hukuk düzenlemeleri ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Bu yapılırken mesele bölgesel ve küresel perspektiften değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, esas itibarıyla “Kadına Yönelik Şiddetin Önlenmesi, Cezalandırılması ve Ortadan Kaldırılmasına İlişkin Amerikalılararası Sözleşme” ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu Sözleşme, Amerikan Devletler Örgütü (OAS) bünyesinde hazırlanarak 9 Haziran 1994 tarihinde imzaya açılmış, 3 Mayıs 1995 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiştir (m.21). Sözleşme, bölgesel düzeyde kadına karşı şiddet konusunda hazırlanmış ilk Sözleşme niteliği taşımaktadır. Aşağıda ana hatları ve maddeleri itibarıyla getirdiği hükümler incelenen Sözleşme, anılan Örgüte üye olmayan devletlerin de katılımına da açıktır (m.17). Sözleşme toplam 5 Bölüm ve 25 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Buna göre, Sözleşmenin 1’inci Bölümü’nde Tanım ve Kapsam’a, 2’nci Bölümü’nde korunan haklara, 3’üncü Bölümü’nde Taraf Devletlerin görev ve sorumluluklarına, 4’üncü Bölümü’nde Amerikan Devletleri Koruma Mekanizmalarına ve son olarak 5’inci Bölüm’de ise genel hükümlere yer verilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ayrıca Türkiye’nin kadına karşı şiddet konusundaki ulusal mevzuatı ve uluslararası hukuk bakımından taraf olduğu sözleşmeler ile tanıdığı bireysel başvuru yollarına da işaret edilerek önümüzdeki dönemde bu alanda küresel düzeyde yapılabilecekler konusunda öneriler ortaya konulmuştur.

References

  • EDİZ, Ayşe / ALTAN, Şenol, “Türkiye’de Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması”, TBB Dergisi, 2017 (özel sayı), (ss. 397-410).
  • AMIRTHALINGAM, Kumaralingam, “Women’s Rights, International Norms, and Domestic Violence: Asian Perspectives”, (in Dianne OTTO (Ed.), Gender Issues and Human Rights, Volume III, Elgar Research Collection, 2013, (ss. 580-605)).
  • ARMAĞAN, Servet, İslâm Hukukunda Temel Hak ve Hürriyetler, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları, 6. Baskı, Ankara, 2006.
  • BOZKURT, Enver / KANAT, Selim / BEKTAŞ, Sezercan, Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukuku, Legem, Ankara, 2020.
  • ÇELİKEL, Aysel, “Kadınlara Karşı Her Türlü Ayrımcılığın Kaldırılması Hakkında Sözleşme ve Türkiye’nin Koyduğu Çekinceler”, MHB, Y. 10, S. 1-2, 1990, (ss. 59-64).
  • DEMİR, Ebru, “The European Court of Human Rights’ Engagement with International Human Rights Instruments: Looking at the Cases of Domestic Violence”, The Age of Human Rights Journal, 17, (December, 2021), (ss. 79-96).
  • DOST, Süleyman, “Uluslararası Bir İnsan Hakları Belgesi Olarak Arap İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi”, TAAD, Y. 9, S. 35, (Temmuz 2018), (ss. 81-110).
  • GEMALMAZ, Mehmet Semih, Ulusalüstü İnsan Hakları Hukukunun Genel Teori- sine Giriş, Legal, İstanbul, 2010.
  • HENRIKSEN, Anders, International Law, Oxford, 2019.
  • KALABALIK, Halil, İnsan Hakları Hukukuna Giriş, Seçkin, Ankara, 2. Baskı, 2019. ÖKTEM, Emre, Uluslararası Teamül Hukuku, Beta, İstanbul, 2013.
  • ÖNCÜ, Gülay Arslan, “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi Sisteminde Kadına Karşı Aile İçi Şiddet Olgusu ve Bununla Mücadele Araçları”, Public and Private International Law Bulletin, Vol. 32, Iss. 2, (ss. 1-37).
  • ÖZBUDUN, Ergun, Türk Anayasa Hukuku, Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2019.
  • ÖZKAN, Gizem, “Kadına Yönelik Şiddet-Aile İçi Şiddet ve Konuya İlişkin Uluslararası Metinler Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Hacettepe HFD, 7(1), 2017, (ss. 533-564).
  • PASQUALUCCI, Jo M., The Practice and Procedure of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Cambridge, 2013.
  • FREEMAN, Marsha A. / CHINKIN, Christine / RUDOLF, Beate (Ed), The UN Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women, Oxford, 2013.
  • TÜTÜNCÜ, Ayşe Nur, İnsancıl Hukuka Giriş, Beta, 4. Bası, İstanbul, 2019.
  • TYAGI, Yogesh, The UN Human Rights Committee, Cambridge, 2011.
  • ULUTAŞ, Ahmet, Birleşmiş Milletlerde İnsan Hakları Mekanizmaları ve Bireysel Başvuru Yolları, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2019.
  • AKKAŞ, İbrahim / UYANIK, Zeki, “Kadına Yönelik Şiddet”, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 6 (1), 2016, (ss. 32-42).
  • BALDEZ, Lisa, Why Not Amend CEDAW? (28.11.2018); https://genderpolicyreport. umn.edu/why-not-amend-cedaw/, E.T. 17.04.2022.
  • RUBINSTEIN, Helen, Time for a Change: The Need for a Binding International Treaty on Violence Against Women; https://globalrightsforwomen.org/wp-content/uploads/ 2018/11/Time_for_a_Change.pdf, E.T. 28.05.2022.
  • AYTAÇ, Serpil / ETEMAN, Fatma Sert / AYDIN, Gülşen Çetin / REÇBER, Bircan / SEZEN, Hayrettin Kemal, Kadına Yönelik Şiddetin Dünü, Bugünü, Yarını: Kestirim Tabanlı Bir Araştırma, Sosyoloji Konferansları, No: 54 (2016-2), (ss. 275-297); https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/267920, E.T. 17.04.2022.
  • https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/women/srwomen/pages/srwomenindex.aspx#:~:text= Ms.,from%20the%20University%20of%20Zagreb., E.T. 08.04.2021.
  • https://www.oic-oci.org/upload/pages/conventions/en/CDHRI_2021_ENG.pdf, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://ww1.oic-oci.org/english/convenion/Statue_of_the_oic_women_development_ org_en.pdf, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/women/srwomen/pages/srwomenindex.aspx, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-violence-against-women, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=17 9&Lang=EN, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=17 9&Lang=EN, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.6284.pdf, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://magdur.adalet.gov.tr/, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://magdur.adalet.gov.tr/Resimler/Dokuman/19102020111414154-1-NOLU- GENELGE.pdf, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://www.aile.gov.tr/media/82082/kadina-yonelik-siddetle-mucadele-iv-ulusal-eylem -plani-2021-2025.pdf, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum =210, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/violenceagainstwomen.aspx, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/1_Global/CEDAW_ C_GC_35_8267_E.pdf, E.T. 11.06.2021.
  • http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/sigs/a-61.html, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://www.oas.org/en/CIM/about.asp, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/about.asp, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/experts.asp, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/Experts.asp, E.T. 20.03.2022.
  • https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/in-focus-gender-equality-in-covid-19-response/ violence-against-women-during-covid-19, E.T. 11.6.2021.
  • https://legal.un.org/ilc/, E.T. 03.04.2022.
  • https://sozluk.gov.tr/, E.T. 17.04.2022.
  • Framework of Cooperation between the CEDAW Committee and the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women; https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/1_Global/INT_CEDAW_SUS_8787_E.pdf, E.T. 05.06.2022.
  • “Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates"; https://www.who.int/publications/i/ item/9789240022256, E.T. 17.08.2022.
  • UN expert to visit Türkiye to assess violence against women; https://www.ohchr.org/en/ media-advisories/2022/07/un-expert-visit-turkiye-assess-violence-against-women, E.T. 17.08.2022.
  • Articles 2, 3 and 14, Equal Access to Justice in the Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights on Violence against Women, Research Division, Council of Euro- pe/European Court of Human Rights, 2015; https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/ Research_report_equal_access_justice_violence_women_ENG.PDF, E.T. 20.08.2022.
  • European Parliament resolution of 5 May 2022 on the impact of the war against Ukraine on women (2022/2633(RSP))”; https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/ TA-9-2022-0206_EN.html, E.T. 22.08.2022.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section V. 8 I. 1 Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Ulutaş 0000-0001-5529-3048

Publication Date March 20, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Ulutaş, Ahmet. “Uluslararası Hukuk Perspektifinden Kadına Karşı Şiddetin Önlenmesi Konusundaki Bölgesel Ve Küresel Düzenlemeler Ile Yeni Çareler”. İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 8, no. 1 (March 2023): 179-207. https://doi.org/10.58733/imhfd.1267374.