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AIHM İçtihadı Işığında COVID-19 Pandemisinde Özgürlükler

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 20, 29.06.2023

Abstract

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi (AİHS) sadece temel hak ve özgürlükleri listeleyen bir haklar kataloğu olmanın ötesine geçerek etkin bir yargı mekanizması oluşturmuştur. Bu makalede, COVID-19 pandemisi etkisiyle temel hak ve özgürlüklerin sınırlandırılmasının hukuki analizi Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM) içtihadı ışığında yapılmıştır. Süreç içerisinde birçok hak etkilenmiş olmakla birlikte, mahkeme önüne gelen dava sayısının henüz sınırlı olması nedeniyle; bu çalışmamızda seyahat, toplanma ve din özgürlükleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmamızda, öncelikle temel hak ve özgürlüklerin sınırlandırılmasının koşullarına kısaca değinilmiştir. Ardından temel haklara yapılan müdahalelerin bu koşullara uygunluğu kararlar çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Alınan tedbirler bakımından orantılılık incelemesinin AİHM içtihadına ne şekilde yansıdığı, mahkemenin güncel kararlarıyla değerlendirilmiştir.

References

  • Adet, Jo, Coronavirus: how new restrictions on religious liberty vary across Europe, The Conversation, 2020, https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-how-new-restrictions-on-religious-liberty-vary-across-europe-135879. (19.07.2022).
  • Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 10th ed., Routledge, London and New York, 2013.
  • Çetin, Evra, İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesinin 8-11. Maddeleri Bağlamında Çalışanların Hakları, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2015.
  • Doğan, İlyas, İnsan Hakları Hukuku, 2nd ed., Astana Yayınları, Ankara, 2015
  • Doğru, Derya, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Yargılamasında Takdir Marjı Doktrini, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, 2019.
  • Dumbrava, Costica, Lifting coronavirus restrictions: The role of therapeutics, testing, and contact-tracing apps, European Parliamentary Research Service, Brussels, 2020.
  • Dündar-Sezer, Tijen, , Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinde Dernek Kurma Özgürlüğü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İzmir, 2004.
  • Erdoğan, Mustafa, İnsan Hakları Teorisi ve Hukuku, 7th ed., Hukuk Yayınları, Ankara, 2019.
  • Erdoğan, Mustafa, Türk Anayasa Hukuku, Hukuk Yayınları, Ankara, 2018.
  • Gözübüyük Şeref; Gölcüklü, Feyyaz, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi ve Uygulaması, 11th ed., Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, 2016.
  • Greer, Steven, The European Convention on Human Rights Achievements Problems and Prospects, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.
  • Greer, Steven, The Margin of Appreciation: Interpretation and Discretion Under The European Convention On Human Rights, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg, 2000.
  • Jayawickrama, Nihal, The Judicial Application of Human Rights Law: National, Regional and International Jurisprudence, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.
  • Kapani, Münci, Kamu Hürriyetleri, 7th ed., Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2013.
  • Koch, Katharina, Lockdown measures as detention? – The case Terheş & La Roumanie, Jean-Monnet-Saar Europarecht Online), https://jean-monnet-saar.eu/?page_id=101545 (20.08.2022).
  • Korkut, Levent, “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nin 9., 10. ve 11. Maddeleri (Düşünce, Vicdan ve Din Özgürlüğü; İfade Özgürlüğü; Toplanti ve Dernek Kurma Özgürlüğü)”, Ed. Serdar Gülener, Recep Kaplan,
  • Musa Sağlam, Bireysel Başvuru Yuvarlak Masa Toplantıları, Volume 2, Anayasa Mahkemesi Yayınları, Ankara, 2014.
  • Kukathas, Chandran, The Liberal Archipelago: A Theory of Diversity and Freedom, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003.
  • Leach, Philip; Eicke, Tim, Taking a Case to the European Court of Human Rights, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 2017.
  • Mowbray, Alastair R, Cases and Materials on the European Convention on Human Rights, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014.
  • Radjenovic, Anja, Upholding human rights in Europe during the pandemic, European Union, 2020, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/652085/EPRS_BRI(2020)652085_EN.pdf. (19.07.2022)
  • Rainey, Bernadette; Wicks, Elizabeth; Ovey, Clare, Jacobs, White and Ovey: the European Convention on Human Rights, 7th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2017.
  • Schabas, William A, The European Convention on Human Rights: A Commentary, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015.
  • Skara, Gentjan; Hajdini, Bojana, The Right to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly during the COVID-19 pandemic in the light of the Albanian Constitutional Court’s Decision 11/2021 and the ECHR, Jean-
  • Monnet-Saar Europarecht Online, 27 September 2021), https://jean-monnet-saar.eu/?page_id=102519 (25.08.2022)
  • Şirin, Tolga, Karşılaştırmalı Anayasa Hukukunda Kanun Kavramı, On İki Levha Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019.
  • Tunaya, Tarık Zafer, Siyasal Kurumlar ve Anayasa Hukuku, 4th ed., Fakülteler Matbaası, İstanbul, 1980.
  • Van Dijk, Peter; Van Hoof, Fried; Van Rijn, Arjen; Zwaak Leo, Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights, 5th ed., Interstania, United Kingdom, 2018.
  • Von Prondzynski, Ferdinand, “Freedom of Association and the Closed Shop: The European Perspective”, The Cambridge Law Journal, 41, 02/1982, p. 256-272.

Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 20, 29.06.2023

Abstract

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) has gone beyond being a catalog of rights that only lists fundamental rights and freedoms, and it has created an effective judicial mechanism. In this article, the legal analysis of the limitation of fundamental rights and freedoms within the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been made in light of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law. Although many rights have been affected during the process, our study addresses freedom of movement, assembly, and religion due to the limited number of cases. The conditions for restricting fundamental rights and freedoms will be mentioned in our research. Then, the compliance of the interventions to fundamental rights with these conditions is analyzed within the framework of the decisions. How the proportionality review in terms of the measures taken is examined within the framework of the ECtHR’s recent judgments.

References

  • Adet, Jo, Coronavirus: how new restrictions on religious liberty vary across Europe, The Conversation, 2020, https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-how-new-restrictions-on-religious-liberty-vary-across-europe-135879. (19.07.2022).
  • Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 10th ed., Routledge, London and New York, 2013.
  • Çetin, Evra, İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesinin 8-11. Maddeleri Bağlamında Çalışanların Hakları, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2015.
  • Doğan, İlyas, İnsan Hakları Hukuku, 2nd ed., Astana Yayınları, Ankara, 2015
  • Doğru, Derya, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Yargılamasında Takdir Marjı Doktrini, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, 2019.
  • Dumbrava, Costica, Lifting coronavirus restrictions: The role of therapeutics, testing, and contact-tracing apps, European Parliamentary Research Service, Brussels, 2020.
  • Dündar-Sezer, Tijen, , Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinde Dernek Kurma Özgürlüğü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İzmir, 2004.
  • Erdoğan, Mustafa, İnsan Hakları Teorisi ve Hukuku, 7th ed., Hukuk Yayınları, Ankara, 2019.
  • Erdoğan, Mustafa, Türk Anayasa Hukuku, Hukuk Yayınları, Ankara, 2018.
  • Gözübüyük Şeref; Gölcüklü, Feyyaz, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi ve Uygulaması, 11th ed., Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, 2016.
  • Greer, Steven, The European Convention on Human Rights Achievements Problems and Prospects, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.
  • Greer, Steven, The Margin of Appreciation: Interpretation and Discretion Under The European Convention On Human Rights, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg, 2000.
  • Jayawickrama, Nihal, The Judicial Application of Human Rights Law: National, Regional and International Jurisprudence, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.
  • Kapani, Münci, Kamu Hürriyetleri, 7th ed., Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2013.
  • Koch, Katharina, Lockdown measures as detention? – The case Terheş & La Roumanie, Jean-Monnet-Saar Europarecht Online), https://jean-monnet-saar.eu/?page_id=101545 (20.08.2022).
  • Korkut, Levent, “Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nin 9., 10. ve 11. Maddeleri (Düşünce, Vicdan ve Din Özgürlüğü; İfade Özgürlüğü; Toplanti ve Dernek Kurma Özgürlüğü)”, Ed. Serdar Gülener, Recep Kaplan,
  • Musa Sağlam, Bireysel Başvuru Yuvarlak Masa Toplantıları, Volume 2, Anayasa Mahkemesi Yayınları, Ankara, 2014.
  • Kukathas, Chandran, The Liberal Archipelago: A Theory of Diversity and Freedom, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003.
  • Leach, Philip; Eicke, Tim, Taking a Case to the European Court of Human Rights, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 2017.
  • Mowbray, Alastair R, Cases and Materials on the European Convention on Human Rights, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014.
  • Radjenovic, Anja, Upholding human rights in Europe during the pandemic, European Union, 2020, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/652085/EPRS_BRI(2020)652085_EN.pdf. (19.07.2022)
  • Rainey, Bernadette; Wicks, Elizabeth; Ovey, Clare, Jacobs, White and Ovey: the European Convention on Human Rights, 7th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2017.
  • Schabas, William A, The European Convention on Human Rights: A Commentary, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015.
  • Skara, Gentjan; Hajdini, Bojana, The Right to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly during the COVID-19 pandemic in the light of the Albanian Constitutional Court’s Decision 11/2021 and the ECHR, Jean-
  • Monnet-Saar Europarecht Online, 27 September 2021), https://jean-monnet-saar.eu/?page_id=102519 (25.08.2022)
  • Şirin, Tolga, Karşılaştırmalı Anayasa Hukukunda Kanun Kavramı, On İki Levha Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019.
  • Tunaya, Tarık Zafer, Siyasal Kurumlar ve Anayasa Hukuku, 4th ed., Fakülteler Matbaası, İstanbul, 1980.
  • Van Dijk, Peter; Van Hoof, Fried; Van Rijn, Arjen; Zwaak Leo, Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights, 5th ed., Interstania, United Kingdom, 2018.
  • Von Prondzynski, Ferdinand, “Freedom of Association and the Closed Shop: The European Perspective”, The Cambridge Law Journal, 41, 02/1982, p. 256-272.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section Public Law
Authors

Mustafa Eren Güçarslan 0000-0003-0906-9568

Publication Date June 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Güçarslan, M. E. (2023). Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 1-20.
AMA Güçarslan ME. Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law. IMUFLR. June 2023;10(1):1-20.
Chicago Güçarslan, Mustafa Eren. “Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 10, no. 1 (June 2023): 1-20.
EndNote Güçarslan ME (June 1, 2023) Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 10 1 1–20.
IEEE M. E. Güçarslan, “Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law”, IMUFLR, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–20, 2023.
ISNAD Güçarslan, Mustafa Eren. “Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 10/1 (June 2023), 1-20.
JAMA Güçarslan ME. Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law. IMUFLR. 2023;10:1–20.
MLA Güçarslan, Mustafa Eren. “Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, 2023, pp. 1-20.
Vancouver Güçarslan ME. Freedoms in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Light of the ECtHR Case Law. IMUFLR. 2023;10(1):1-20.