Year 2024,
Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 50 - 58, 31.12.2024
Ferdi Akpiliç
,
Çağlayan Aslan
,
Erdem Bulut
References
- Alacahan, N. D., & Akarsu, Y. (2017). The uncertainty of exchange rate in foreign trade of Turkey. Journal of Awareness, 2(3S), 331-348.
- Al-Thaqeb, S. A., & Algharabali, B. G. (2019). Economic policy uncertainty: A literature review. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 20, e00133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2019.e00133
- Aslan, C., & Acikgoz, S. (2021). Analysis of global economic policy uncertainty and export flows for emerging markets with panel var modeling. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(9), 2790-2815. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-12-2020-1570
- Aslan, C., & Acikgoz, S. (2023). Are the global economic policy uncertainties blocking the export flows of emerging markets? A heterogeneous panel SVAR analysis. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 15(1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.20885/ejem.vol15.iss1.art7
- Assaf, R., Gupta, D., & Kumar, R. (2023). The price of war: Effect of the Russia-Ukraine war on the global financial market. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 28, e00328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2023.e00328
- Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1593–1636. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024
- Baley, I., Veldkamp, L., & Waugh, M. (2020). Can global uncertainty promote international trade? Journal of International Economics, 126, 103347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103347
- Bernanke, B. S. (1983). Irreversibility, uncertainty, and cyclical investment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98(1), 85–106. https://doi.org/10.2307/1885568
- Bertola, G., Guiso, L., & Pistaferri, L. (2005). Uncertainty and consumer durables adjustment. The Review of Economic Studies, 72(4), 973–1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00358
- Bissoondeeala, R. K., Binner, J. M., & Milas, C. (2023). Brexit and coronavirus: Financial perspectives and future prospects. The European Journal of Finance, 29(16), 1825–1834. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2023.2249961
- Brogaard, J., & Detzel, A. (2015). The asset-pricing implications of government economic policy uncertainty. Management Science, 61(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2105786
- Chau, F., Deesomsak, R., & Wang, J. (2014). Political uncertainty and stock market volatility in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 28, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2013.10.008
- Christelis, D., Georgarakos, D., Jappelli, T., & van Rooij, M. (2020). Consumption uncertainty and precautionary saving. Review of Economics and Statistics, 102(1), 148-161. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2723056
- Constantinescu, C., Mattoo, A., & Ruta, M. (2020). Policy uncertainty, trade, and global value chains: some facts, many questions. Review of Industrial Organization, 57, 285-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-020-09772-0
- Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1979.10482531
- Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
- Dixit, A. (1989). Entry and exit decisions under uncertainty. Journal of Political Economy, 97(3), 620-638. https://doi.org/10.1086/261619
- Donadelli, M., Gerotto, L., Lucchetta, M., & Arzu, D. (2019). Immigration, uncertainty and macroeconomic dynamics. The World Economy, 43(2), 326-354. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12865
- Dura, Y. C., Beşer, M. K., & Acaroğlu, H. (2017). Türkiye’nin ihracata dayalı büyümesinin ekonometrik analizi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 17(2), 295-310. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.2017124251
- Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 55(2), 251–276. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236
- Fortin, I., Hlouskova, J., & Sögner, L. (2023). Financial and economic uncertainties and their effects on the economy. Empirica, 50, 481-521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-023-09570-3
- Gilchrist, S., Sim, J. W., & Zakrajšek, E. (2014). Uncertainty, financial frictions, and investment dynamics. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 20038. https://doi.org/10.3386/w20038
- Giri, R., Yi, K.-M., & Yilmazkuday, H. (2021). Gains from trade: Does sectoral heterogeneity matter? Journal of International Economics, 129, 103429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103429
- Han, L., Qi, M., & Yin, L. (2016). Macroeconomic policy uncertainty shocks on the Chinese economy: A GVAR analysis. Applied Economics, 48(51), 4907-4921. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1167828
- Handley, K. (2014). Exporting under trade policy uncertainty: Theory and evidence. Journal of International Economics, 94(1), 50-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.05.005
- Handley, K., & Limão, N. (2015). Trade and investment under policy uncertainty: Theory and firm evidence. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 7(4), 189-222. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140068
- Hassan, S. S., Shabi, S., & Choudhry, T. (2018). Asymmetry, uncertainty and international trade. Swansea University School of Management, Working Paper 2018-24.
- Hlatshwayo, S., & Saxegaard, M. (2016). The consequences of policy uncertainty: Disconnects and dilutions in the South African real effective exchange rate-export relationship. IMF Working Papers, 16(113), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484383490.001
- Jawadia, F., & Ftitib, Z. (2017). Uncertainty and the United States’ election effect on the economy: Some thoughts and empirical illustrations. Applied Economics Letters, 24(20), 1472–1475. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1284983
- Johansen, S. (1991). Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in Gaussian vector autoregressive models. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 59(6), 1551–1580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938278
- Julio, B., & Yook, Y. (2016). Policy uncertainty, irreversibility, and cross-border flows of capital. Journal of International Economics, 103, 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.08.004
- Kilic, I., & Balli, F. (2024). Measuring economic country-specific uncertainty in Türkiye. Empirical Economics, 67, 1649–1689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-024-02594-z
- Köse, N., & Aslan, C. (2020). The effect of real exchange rate uncertainty on Turkey’s foreign trade: New evidence from SVAR model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 30(2), 553–567. https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2020.1808798
- Krol, R. (2018). Does uncertainty over economic policy harm trade, foreign investment, and prosperity? Mercatus Research, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Arlington, VA. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3169563
- Li, Y., & Li, J. (2021). How does China’s economic policy uncertainty affect the sustainability of its net grain imports? Sustainability, 13(12), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126899
- Matzner, A., Meyer, B., & Oberhofer, H. (2023). Trade in times of uncertainty. The World Economy, 46(9), 2564-2597. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13463
- Mumtaz, H., & Franz, U. R. (2023). Policy uncertainty and aggregate fluctuations: Evidence from emerging and developed economies. World Bank Group Policy Research Working Paper, 10564. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10564
- Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
- Phillips, P. C. B., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.2307/2336182
- Sharma, C., & Paramati, S. R. (2021). Does economic policy uncertainty dampen imports? Commodity-level evidence from India. Economic Modelling, 94, 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.09.019
- Şahinöz, S., & Coşar, E. E. (2018). Economic policy uncertainty and economic activity in Turkey. Applied Economics Letters, 25(21), 1517–1520. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1430321
- Şahinöz, S., & Coşar, E. E. (2020). Quantifying uncertainty and identifying its impacts on the Turkish economy. Empirica, 47, 365–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-018-9424-8
- Tam, P. S. (2018). Global trade flows and economic policy uncertainty. Applied Economics, 50(34-35), 3718-3734. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1436151
- Yağış, O. (2024). Ekonomik politika belirsizliği ve dış ticaret ilişkisi: G-7 ülkeleri örneği. Uluslararası Beşeri Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi, 10(21), 75-91. https://doi.org/10.59304/ijhe.1430201
- Zhao, T. (2022). Economic policy uncertainty and manufacturing value-added exports. Engineering Economics, 33(1), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.33.1.27373
The Effects of Global Economic Policy Uncertainties on Manufacturing Industry Exports: The Case of Türkiye
Year 2024,
Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 50 - 58, 31.12.2024
Ferdi Akpiliç
,
Çağlayan Aslan
,
Erdem Bulut
Abstract
In this paper, the relationship between Türkiye’s manufacturing industry exports and global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) is examined using monthly data from 2013:01 to 2023:12. Estimations performed using the ARDL approach indicate that GEPU does not significantly affect manufacturing industry exports in Türkiye. This finding suggests that Turkish manufacturing industry exporters maintain stable and long-term trade relations. Consistent with expectations, foreign demand positively influences exports, while the appreciation of the Turkish Lira has a negative impact. To enhance manufacturing industry exports, it is recommended to strengthen commercial and diplomatic ties, enhance international cooperation, mitigate exchange rate risks through expanded hedging mechanisms, and invest in human capital and technology.
References
- Alacahan, N. D., & Akarsu, Y. (2017). The uncertainty of exchange rate in foreign trade of Turkey. Journal of Awareness, 2(3S), 331-348.
- Al-Thaqeb, S. A., & Algharabali, B. G. (2019). Economic policy uncertainty: A literature review. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 20, e00133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2019.e00133
- Aslan, C., & Acikgoz, S. (2021). Analysis of global economic policy uncertainty and export flows for emerging markets with panel var modeling. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(9), 2790-2815. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-12-2020-1570
- Aslan, C., & Acikgoz, S. (2023). Are the global economic policy uncertainties blocking the export flows of emerging markets? A heterogeneous panel SVAR analysis. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 15(1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.20885/ejem.vol15.iss1.art7
- Assaf, R., Gupta, D., & Kumar, R. (2023). The price of war: Effect of the Russia-Ukraine war on the global financial market. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 28, e00328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2023.e00328
- Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1593–1636. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024
- Baley, I., Veldkamp, L., & Waugh, M. (2020). Can global uncertainty promote international trade? Journal of International Economics, 126, 103347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103347
- Bernanke, B. S. (1983). Irreversibility, uncertainty, and cyclical investment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98(1), 85–106. https://doi.org/10.2307/1885568
- Bertola, G., Guiso, L., & Pistaferri, L. (2005). Uncertainty and consumer durables adjustment. The Review of Economic Studies, 72(4), 973–1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00358
- Bissoondeeala, R. K., Binner, J. M., & Milas, C. (2023). Brexit and coronavirus: Financial perspectives and future prospects. The European Journal of Finance, 29(16), 1825–1834. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2023.2249961
- Brogaard, J., & Detzel, A. (2015). The asset-pricing implications of government economic policy uncertainty. Management Science, 61(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2105786
- Chau, F., Deesomsak, R., & Wang, J. (2014). Political uncertainty and stock market volatility in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 28, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2013.10.008
- Christelis, D., Georgarakos, D., Jappelli, T., & van Rooij, M. (2020). Consumption uncertainty and precautionary saving. Review of Economics and Statistics, 102(1), 148-161. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2723056
- Constantinescu, C., Mattoo, A., & Ruta, M. (2020). Policy uncertainty, trade, and global value chains: some facts, many questions. Review of Industrial Organization, 57, 285-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-020-09772-0
- Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1979.10482531
- Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
- Dixit, A. (1989). Entry and exit decisions under uncertainty. Journal of Political Economy, 97(3), 620-638. https://doi.org/10.1086/261619
- Donadelli, M., Gerotto, L., Lucchetta, M., & Arzu, D. (2019). Immigration, uncertainty and macroeconomic dynamics. The World Economy, 43(2), 326-354. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12865
- Dura, Y. C., Beşer, M. K., & Acaroğlu, H. (2017). Türkiye’nin ihracata dayalı büyümesinin ekonometrik analizi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 17(2), 295-310. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.2017124251
- Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 55(2), 251–276. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236
- Fortin, I., Hlouskova, J., & Sögner, L. (2023). Financial and economic uncertainties and their effects on the economy. Empirica, 50, 481-521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-023-09570-3
- Gilchrist, S., Sim, J. W., & Zakrajšek, E. (2014). Uncertainty, financial frictions, and investment dynamics. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 20038. https://doi.org/10.3386/w20038
- Giri, R., Yi, K.-M., & Yilmazkuday, H. (2021). Gains from trade: Does sectoral heterogeneity matter? Journal of International Economics, 129, 103429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103429
- Han, L., Qi, M., & Yin, L. (2016). Macroeconomic policy uncertainty shocks on the Chinese economy: A GVAR analysis. Applied Economics, 48(51), 4907-4921. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1167828
- Handley, K. (2014). Exporting under trade policy uncertainty: Theory and evidence. Journal of International Economics, 94(1), 50-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.05.005
- Handley, K., & Limão, N. (2015). Trade and investment under policy uncertainty: Theory and firm evidence. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 7(4), 189-222. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140068
- Hassan, S. S., Shabi, S., & Choudhry, T. (2018). Asymmetry, uncertainty and international trade. Swansea University School of Management, Working Paper 2018-24.
- Hlatshwayo, S., & Saxegaard, M. (2016). The consequences of policy uncertainty: Disconnects and dilutions in the South African real effective exchange rate-export relationship. IMF Working Papers, 16(113), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484383490.001
- Jawadia, F., & Ftitib, Z. (2017). Uncertainty and the United States’ election effect on the economy: Some thoughts and empirical illustrations. Applied Economics Letters, 24(20), 1472–1475. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1284983
- Johansen, S. (1991). Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in Gaussian vector autoregressive models. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 59(6), 1551–1580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938278
- Julio, B., & Yook, Y. (2016). Policy uncertainty, irreversibility, and cross-border flows of capital. Journal of International Economics, 103, 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.08.004
- Kilic, I., & Balli, F. (2024). Measuring economic country-specific uncertainty in Türkiye. Empirical Economics, 67, 1649–1689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-024-02594-z
- Köse, N., & Aslan, C. (2020). The effect of real exchange rate uncertainty on Turkey’s foreign trade: New evidence from SVAR model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 30(2), 553–567. https://doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2020.1808798
- Krol, R. (2018). Does uncertainty over economic policy harm trade, foreign investment, and prosperity? Mercatus Research, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Arlington, VA. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3169563
- Li, Y., & Li, J. (2021). How does China’s economic policy uncertainty affect the sustainability of its net grain imports? Sustainability, 13(12), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126899
- Matzner, A., Meyer, B., & Oberhofer, H. (2023). Trade in times of uncertainty. The World Economy, 46(9), 2564-2597. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13463
- Mumtaz, H., & Franz, U. R. (2023). Policy uncertainty and aggregate fluctuations: Evidence from emerging and developed economies. World Bank Group Policy Research Working Paper, 10564. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10564
- Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
- Phillips, P. C. B., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.2307/2336182
- Sharma, C., & Paramati, S. R. (2021). Does economic policy uncertainty dampen imports? Commodity-level evidence from India. Economic Modelling, 94, 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.09.019
- Şahinöz, S., & Coşar, E. E. (2018). Economic policy uncertainty and economic activity in Turkey. Applied Economics Letters, 25(21), 1517–1520. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1430321
- Şahinöz, S., & Coşar, E. E. (2020). Quantifying uncertainty and identifying its impacts on the Turkish economy. Empirica, 47, 365–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-018-9424-8
- Tam, P. S. (2018). Global trade flows and economic policy uncertainty. Applied Economics, 50(34-35), 3718-3734. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1436151
- Yağış, O. (2024). Ekonomik politika belirsizliği ve dış ticaret ilişkisi: G-7 ülkeleri örneği. Uluslararası Beşeri Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi, 10(21), 75-91. https://doi.org/10.59304/ijhe.1430201
- Zhao, T. (2022). Economic policy uncertainty and manufacturing value-added exports. Engineering Economics, 33(1), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.33.1.27373