Year 2025,
Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 74 - 91, 31.07.2025
Ahmet Yılmaz Ata
,
Ayşe Eryer
,
Mohamed Abdulkarim
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Ayyıldız, F. V., & Üzümcü, A. (2022). Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları- İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi: BRICS-T Ülkeleri Örneği. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 18(1), 28-40.
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Bilgili, F. & Ulucak, R. (2018). Is there deterministic, stochastic, and/or club convergence in ecological footprint indicator among G20 countries?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(35), 35404-35419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3457-1.
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Bilgili, F., Ulucak, R., & Koçak, E. (2019). Implications of Environmental Convergence: Continental Evidence Based on Ecological Footprint. In Energy and Environmental Strategies in the Era of Globalization (pp. 133-165). Springer, Cham. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06001-5_6
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Cabas, M. (2023). Yeni Sanayileşen Ülkelerde Ekolojik Ayak İzi Yakınsaması: Panel Fourier Birim Kök Testinden Kanıtlar, Aıcmes 2nd International Conference On Current Scientific Standards Aprıl 6 - 9, 2023
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Çelik, O.; Adali, Z.; Bari, B. (2023). Does ecological footprint in ECCAS and ECOWAS converge? Empirical evidence from a panel unit root test with sharp and smooth breaks. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 16253-16265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23178-3
-
Emir, F., Balcilar, M. & Shahbaz, M.,(2019). Inequality in Carbon Intensity in EU-28: Analysis Based on Club Convergence. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 26 (4), 3308–3319, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3858-1
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Erden Özsoy, C. & Dinç, A. (2016). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 53(619), 35-55.
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Gençoğlu, P., Kuşkaya, S. & Büyüknalbant, T. (2020). Seçilmiş OECD Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamalarının Sürdürülebilirliğinin Panel Birim Kök Testleri İle Değerlendirilmesi, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.498440
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Ecological Footprint Convergence in Emerging Market Economies: Panel Data Analysis
Year 2025,
Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 74 - 91, 31.07.2025
Ahmet Yılmaz Ata
,
Ayşe Eryer
,
Mohamed Abdulkarim
Abstract
In the fast-growing global landscape, environmental degradation has commenced to be recognized as an outcome of industrialization and globalization. Several indicators associated with environmental degradation are studied in the literature. One of these indicators is the ecological footprint. This indicator is considered as an assessment that signifies the biological area utilized to generate the resources necessary for individuals to sustain their existence and to assimilate of waste. Accordingly, acknowledging the significance of current environmental policies, it is shown as an exceptionally comprehensive indicator. In this article, utilizing the 1990-2022 dataset for selected emerging market economies, the existence of ecological convergence was examined through panel unit root tests. This study was found that the ecological footprint in emerging market economies was stable. This finding indicates that there is convergence within these economies to achieve global sustainabilit
Ethical Statement
We declare that the study does not require ethical review. We did not use AI.
Supporting Institution
No financial support was received for the research, authorship, and publication of this article.
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Arogundade, S.; Hassan, A.; Akpa, E.; Mduduzi, B. (2023). Closer together or farther apart: are there club convergence in ecological footprint?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 15293-15310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23203-5
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Belloc, I.; Molina, J. A. (2022). The ecological footprint in Africa: identifying convergence clubs from 1970 to 2018. Applied Economics Letters, 30(19), 2808-2813. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2022.2107984
-
Bilgili, F. & Ulucak, R. (2018). Is there deterministic, stochastic, and/or club convergence in ecological footprint indicator among G20 countries?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(35), 35404-35419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3457-1.
-
Bilgili, F., Ulucak, R., & Koçak, E. (2019). Implications of Environmental Convergence: Continental Evidence Based on Ecological Footprint. In Energy and Environmental Strategies in the Era of Globalization (pp. 133-165). Springer, Cham. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06001-5_6
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-
Cabas, M. (2023). Yeni Sanayileşen Ülkelerde Ekolojik Ayak İzi Yakınsaması: Panel Fourier Birim Kök Testinden Kanıtlar, Aıcmes 2nd International Conference On Current Scientific Standards Aprıl 6 - 9, 2023
-
Ceylan R. (2010). Yakınsama Hipotezi: Teorik Tartışmalar, Sosyo-Ekonomi, 100103, 50-53.
-
Churchill, S. A., Inekwe, J., and Ivanovski, K. (2020) . Stochastic Convergence in Per Capita CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Emerging Economies, 1921–2014, Energy Economics, 86: 104659, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104659
-
Chudik, A. & Pesaran, M. H. (2013). Common Correlated Effects Estimation of Heterogeneous Dynamic Panel Data Models With Weakly Exogenous Regressors (Federal Reserve Bank Of Dallas Globalization And Monetary Policy Institute working paper no. 146). https://www.dallasfed.org/~/media/documents/institute/wpapers/2013/0146
-
Christidou, M.; Panagiotidis, T.; Sharma, A. (2013). On the stationarity of per capita carbon dioxide emissions over a century. Economic Modelling, 33, 918-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.05.024
-
Çelik, O.; Adali, Z.; Bari, B. (2023). Does ecological footprint in ECCAS and ECOWAS converge? Empirical evidence from a panel unit root test with sharp and smooth breaks. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 16253-16265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23178-3
-
Emir, F., Balcilar, M. & Shahbaz, M.,(2019). Inequality in Carbon Intensity in EU-28: Analysis Based on Club Convergence. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 26 (4), 3308–3319, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3858-1
-
Erden Özsoy, C. & Dinç, A. (2016). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 53(619), 35-55.
-
Gençoğlu, P., Kuşkaya, S. & Büyüknalbant, T. (2020). Seçilmiş OECD Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamalarının Sürdürülebilirliğinin Panel Birim Kök Testleri İle Değerlendirilmesi, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.498440
-
Güçlü, A. (2007). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Türkiye’nin Çevre Politikaları, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara
-
Haider, S. & Akram, V. (2019). Club Convergence Analysis of Ecological and Carbon Footprint: Evidence from A Cross-Country Analysis, Carbon Management, 10(5), 451-463.
-
Herrerias, M. J. (2013). The Environmental Convergence Hypothesis: Carbon Dioxide Emissions According to The Source of Energy. Energy Policy, 61, 1140-1150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.120
-
Işık, C., Ahmad, M., Ongan, S., Özdemir, D., Irfan, M. & Alvarado, R. (2021). Convergence Analysis of The Ecological Footprint: Theory and Empirical Evidence from The USMCA Countries, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-12
-
Kazemzadeh, E.; Fuinhas, J.A.; Koengkan, M.; Osmani, F. (2022).The Heterogeneous Effect of Economic Complexity and Export Quality on the Ecological Footprint: A Two-Step Club Convergence and Panel Quantile Regression Approach, Sustainability, 14, 11153. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811153
-
Lee, C. C. & Chang, C. P. (2008). New Evidence on the Convergence of Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Panel Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test, Energy, 33 (9), 1468-1475, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.002
-
Lee, C. C. & Chang, C. P. (2009). Stochastic Convergence of Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Multiple Structural Breaks in OECD Countries, Economic Modelling, 26 (6), 1375-1381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2009.07.003
-
Özcan, B., Ulucak, R. & Doğan, E. (2019). Analyzing Long Lasting Effects of Environmental Policies: Evidence from Low-, Middle- and High-Income Economies, Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 130-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.09.025
-
Pata, U. K. (2018). Renewable energy Consumption, Urbanization, Financial Development, Income and CO2 Emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC Hypothesis with Structural Breaks, Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, 770-779, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.236
-
Pata, U.K.(2020). N11 Ülkelerinde Kişi Başına Düşen Ekolojik Ayak İzi Yakınsıyor Mu? Panel Veri Analizi, 20. Uluslararası Ekonometri, Yöneylem Araştırması Ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, Mayıs-2020, 52-59.
-
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