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SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH

Year 2015, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 38 - 55, 08.08.2015

Abstract

This paper meritoriously sets out to explore and provide an up-to-date picture on sociological impediments that lead to inaccessibility faced by women attending ODL in their quest to study, specifically at the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) Ekiti-State, Branch. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select three hundred (300) respondents from part 1-4 based on their physical appearance at the centre premises and their claims, evidence presented (Student Identification Card) that they were students of NOUN. The study adopted descriptive research design. The main data collection technique used for the study were questionnaire and structured by researcher titled “Sociological Impediments on Inaccessibility of Women Attending Open Distance Learning Questionnaire (SIIWAODLQ)” and validated by experts at Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti and experts in Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council, Abuja for vetting and clarity. The response from that vetting (both parties) became the basis for restructuring and reviewing questions that provided useful answers to the study. Reliability coefficient of 0.78 was derived after using Spearman Brown prophecy formula technique. Tables, frequencies and simple percentage were the key descriptive statistics used to analyse demographic information and Research question 1. Mean score of 2.50 above was used to analyse Research question 2 and present the findings while linear regression (SPSS) was used to test the Hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Finding revealed that Institutional, Situational and ICT were significant to the sociological impediments that lead to women inaccessibility on ODL in the covered area of study, because all were above 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study will be utilized instrumentally and theoretically in informing policy directives by public universities presently involved in ODL programmes at large.

References

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  • A research paper for Arabic woman forum, Egypt. Retrieved Jan. 15, 2008 from http://217.52.27.150/montada/schedule.asp
  • Allen, I. E. & Seaman, J. (2010). Making the grade: Online education in the United
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  • Bourlova, T. (2005). The Impact of e-learning on the University Campus, Centre for
  • Managing and Planning Learning Environments (MAPLE).The University of British Columbia, 63-, Retrieved: April 7, 2007 from www.maple.ubc.ca
  • Braimah, K. & Osiki, D. J. (2008). The Impact of Technology on Accessibility and Pedagogy; the Right to Education in Sub- Saharan Africa, Asian Journal of Distance Education, 6, 53-62.
  • Bruening, T.; Scanlon, D.; Hodes, C.; Dhital, P.; Shao, X. & Liu, S. (2001). Characteristics of teacher educators in career and technical education. Minneapolis, MN: National Research
  • Center for Career and Technical Education. Carnwell, R. (2000). Pedagogical implications of approaches to study in distance learning:
  • Developing models through qualitative and quantitative analysis, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(5), 1018-1028.
  • Cosmas, B. F. & Mbwette, T. S. (2009). Open and distance learning in developing countries: The past, the present and the future. Dares salaam: Open University of Tanzania.
  • Dabbagh, N. & Bannan-Ritland, B. (2005). Online learning: Concepts, strategies, and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Dabbagh, N. (2007). The online learner: Characteristics and pedagogical implications
  • Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Daniel, J. (2005). Open and Distance Learning in Africa.15CCEM Mid-Term. Educational
  • Media international, 39(1), 17-22. Dirani, K. M. & Yoon, S. W. (2009). Exploring Open Distance Learning at a Jordanian
  • University: A Case Study. International Review Of Research İn Open And Distance Learning, 10(2). from http://www.infrastruction.com/barrier.htm Galusha, J. M. (2012). Barriers to learning in Distance Education. Retrieved June 10, 20Hattiesburg, MS: The University of Southern Mississippi.
  • Garland, M. (2007). Ethnography penetrates the “I didn‟t have time” rationale to elucidate higher order reason for distance education withdrawal. Research in Distance Education, 8(2), 181-198.
  • Golafshani, N. (2003).Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 8 (4), 597-607. Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8 4/golafshani.pdf on 23.11.2011.
  • Howell, S. L.; Williams, P. B. & Lindsay, N. K. (2003). Thirty-two trends affecting distance education: An informed foundation for strategic planning. Online Journal of Distance
  • Learning Administration, VI (III). Jakani, D. (2014). Empowering Women through Distance Learning in India. Mother
  • Teresa Women's University. Juma, M. N. (2005). The establishment of a higher education open and distance learning knowledge base for decision makers in Kenya. Nairobi: Kenyatta University Press
  • Kamau, J. (2007). Retraining primary school teachers against diminishing resources: Is distance education the answer? Conference paper, UNESCO, second regional seminar for
  • Africa, Accra Ghana; UNESCO. Khalil, E. (2004). Communication technology and woman development. Teacher's Journal, 42(4), 25-29.
  • Maguire, M. (2001). Gender, Information Technology, and Developing Countries, Tech
  • Know Logia November/December, Knowledge Enterprise, Inc., 58-59. Retrieved May 10, 2007 from http://www.TechKnowLogia.org
  • Mbukusa, N. R. (2009). Barriers to rural remote students‟ access of distance education supports services offered by the centre for External studies at the University of Namibia.
  • Pretoria: University of South Africa. Mhehe, E. (2002). Women Overcoming Barriers to Learning by Distance at University of
  • Tanzania. Retrieved: April 1, 2007 from http://www.col.org
  • Mossberger, K.; Tolbert, C. & Stansbury, M. (2003). Virtual inequality: Beyond the digital divide. Washington, D. C.: Georgetown University Press.
  • Moxley, D.; Najor-Durack, A. & Dumbrigue, C. (2001). Keeping students in higher education: Successful practices and strategies for retention, London: Kogan-Page.
  • Mushi, P. S. D. (2001). Prospects of combining residential and distance mode of university education in Tanzania. In UTAFI (News Series Special Issue) Volume 4, 1998- 2004:221-255.
  • National Committee for Woman (NCWY) (2005). Woman Situation in Yemen Retrieved
  • October 20, 2007 from http://www.yemeni-women.org.ye
  • Ohene, J. B. & Essuman, S. O. (2014). Challenges Faced by Distance Education Students of the University of Education, Winneba: Implications for Strategic Planning. Journal of
  • Education and Training, ISSN 2330-9709: 2014, Vol. 1, No. 2
  • Ojo, D. O. & Olakulehin, F. K. (2006). Attitudes and perceptions of students to open and distance learning in Nigeria. International Review Of Research In Open and Distance Learning. 7(1).
  • Odedina, K. (2003). Commonwealth of learning (COL), (2003). The commonwealth of learning’s support to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals for women in
  • Africa. Commonwealth Of Learning Activities In Nigeria: The National Universities Commission’s Perspective. Presented By Engr. Kayode Odedina. National Universities Commission, Abuja Pierrakeas, C. & Xenos, M. (2004). Assessment for distance education. Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of Distance Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Pierrakeas, C.; Xenos, M.; Panagiotakopoulos, C. & Vergidis, D. (2004). A comparative study of drop-out rates and causes for two different distance education courses. International Review of Research In Open And Distance Learning, 5 (2).
  • Pityana, B. N. (2004). Open distance learning in Africa: Access, quality and success. South Africa: UNISA.
  • Raymond, B. (2012). Challenges Facing ODL students in Tanzania; Experiences from the Field. www.academic.edu. JIPE vol. 4 no 2.
  • Rumble, G. (2000). The globalization of open and flexible learning: Considerations for planners and managers. Online Journal Of Distance Learning Administration, 3,(3),1-15.
  • Senanayake, S. & Dadigamuwa, P. R. (2005). Factors affecting on student unsuccessfulness in engineering programmes in distance education Nawala, Sri Lanka;
  • Open University of Sri Lanka. Tresman, S. (2002). Towards a strategy for improved student retention in programme of open, distance education: A case study from the Open University U.K. 99 International
  • Review Of Research In Open And Distance Learning,3(1). Retrieved from: http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/75/145 , 12/September/2011.
  • Ukpo, R. C. (2005). Open learning encourage woman to learn. Research and studies.
  • Retrieved Dec. 16, 2007 from http://www.ehcconline.org
  • UNDP. (2007). What is Human Development, Retrieved March 12, 2007 from http://www.undp.org
  • UNESCO. (2004). Final report of the meeting of higher education partners (World Conference on Higher Education). Paris: UNESCO.
  • Vergids, D. & Penagiotakoulos, C. (2002). Student drop-out at the Hellenic Open
  • University-Evaluation of the graduate program: Studies ineducation. International Review of Research In Open and Distance Learning, 3(2), 14-38. Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide.
  • Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Zirnkle, C. (2004). Utilization of distance education in two-year colleges: Implications for technical education, American Technical Education Association.
Year 2015, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 38 - 55, 08.08.2015

Abstract

References

  • Alfrih, S. (2005). Distance learning role in the development of Arabian woman.
  • A research paper for Arabic woman forum, Egypt. Retrieved Jan. 15, 2008 from http://217.52.27.150/montada/schedule.asp
  • Allen, I. E. & Seaman, J. (2010). Making the grade: Online education in the United
  • States. Needham, MA: SloanConsortium. Basaza, N.; Milman, B. & Wright, C. R. (2010). The challenges of implementing distance education in Uganda: A Case Study, International Review Of Research In Open And Distance Learning, 11(2).
  • Bourlova, T. (2005). The Impact of e-learning on the University Campus, Centre for
  • Managing and Planning Learning Environments (MAPLE).The University of British Columbia, 63-, Retrieved: April 7, 2007 from www.maple.ubc.ca
  • Braimah, K. & Osiki, D. J. (2008). The Impact of Technology on Accessibility and Pedagogy; the Right to Education in Sub- Saharan Africa, Asian Journal of Distance Education, 6, 53-62.
  • Bruening, T.; Scanlon, D.; Hodes, C.; Dhital, P.; Shao, X. & Liu, S. (2001). Characteristics of teacher educators in career and technical education. Minneapolis, MN: National Research
  • Center for Career and Technical Education. Carnwell, R. (2000). Pedagogical implications of approaches to study in distance learning:
  • Developing models through qualitative and quantitative analysis, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(5), 1018-1028.
  • Cosmas, B. F. & Mbwette, T. S. (2009). Open and distance learning in developing countries: The past, the present and the future. Dares salaam: Open University of Tanzania.
  • Dabbagh, N. & Bannan-Ritland, B. (2005). Online learning: Concepts, strategies, and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Dabbagh, N. (2007). The online learner: Characteristics and pedagogical implications
  • Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Daniel, J. (2005). Open and Distance Learning in Africa.15CCEM Mid-Term. Educational
  • Media international, 39(1), 17-22. Dirani, K. M. & Yoon, S. W. (2009). Exploring Open Distance Learning at a Jordanian
  • University: A Case Study. International Review Of Research İn Open And Distance Learning, 10(2). from http://www.infrastruction.com/barrier.htm Galusha, J. M. (2012). Barriers to learning in Distance Education. Retrieved June 10, 20Hattiesburg, MS: The University of Southern Mississippi.
  • Garland, M. (2007). Ethnography penetrates the “I didn‟t have time” rationale to elucidate higher order reason for distance education withdrawal. Research in Distance Education, 8(2), 181-198.
  • Golafshani, N. (2003).Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 8 (4), 597-607. Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8 4/golafshani.pdf on 23.11.2011.
  • Howell, S. L.; Williams, P. B. & Lindsay, N. K. (2003). Thirty-two trends affecting distance education: An informed foundation for strategic planning. Online Journal of Distance
  • Learning Administration, VI (III). Jakani, D. (2014). Empowering Women through Distance Learning in India. Mother
  • Teresa Women's University. Juma, M. N. (2005). The establishment of a higher education open and distance learning knowledge base for decision makers in Kenya. Nairobi: Kenyatta University Press
  • Kamau, J. (2007). Retraining primary school teachers against diminishing resources: Is distance education the answer? Conference paper, UNESCO, second regional seminar for
  • Africa, Accra Ghana; UNESCO. Khalil, E. (2004). Communication technology and woman development. Teacher's Journal, 42(4), 25-29.
  • Maguire, M. (2001). Gender, Information Technology, and Developing Countries, Tech
  • Know Logia November/December, Knowledge Enterprise, Inc., 58-59. Retrieved May 10, 2007 from http://www.TechKnowLogia.org
  • Mbukusa, N. R. (2009). Barriers to rural remote students‟ access of distance education supports services offered by the centre for External studies at the University of Namibia.
  • Pretoria: University of South Africa. Mhehe, E. (2002). Women Overcoming Barriers to Learning by Distance at University of
  • Tanzania. Retrieved: April 1, 2007 from http://www.col.org
  • Mossberger, K.; Tolbert, C. & Stansbury, M. (2003). Virtual inequality: Beyond the digital divide. Washington, D. C.: Georgetown University Press.
  • Moxley, D.; Najor-Durack, A. & Dumbrigue, C. (2001). Keeping students in higher education: Successful practices and strategies for retention, London: Kogan-Page.
  • Mushi, P. S. D. (2001). Prospects of combining residential and distance mode of university education in Tanzania. In UTAFI (News Series Special Issue) Volume 4, 1998- 2004:221-255.
  • National Committee for Woman (NCWY) (2005). Woman Situation in Yemen Retrieved
  • October 20, 2007 from http://www.yemeni-women.org.ye
  • Ohene, J. B. & Essuman, S. O. (2014). Challenges Faced by Distance Education Students of the University of Education, Winneba: Implications for Strategic Planning. Journal of
  • Education and Training, ISSN 2330-9709: 2014, Vol. 1, No. 2
  • Ojo, D. O. & Olakulehin, F. K. (2006). Attitudes and perceptions of students to open and distance learning in Nigeria. International Review Of Research In Open and Distance Learning. 7(1).
  • Odedina, K. (2003). Commonwealth of learning (COL), (2003). The commonwealth of learning’s support to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals for women in
  • Africa. Commonwealth Of Learning Activities In Nigeria: The National Universities Commission’s Perspective. Presented By Engr. Kayode Odedina. National Universities Commission, Abuja Pierrakeas, C. & Xenos, M. (2004). Assessment for distance education. Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of Distance Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Pierrakeas, C.; Xenos, M.; Panagiotakopoulos, C. & Vergidis, D. (2004). A comparative study of drop-out rates and causes for two different distance education courses. International Review of Research In Open And Distance Learning, 5 (2).
  • Pityana, B. N. (2004). Open distance learning in Africa: Access, quality and success. South Africa: UNISA.
  • Raymond, B. (2012). Challenges Facing ODL students in Tanzania; Experiences from the Field. www.academic.edu. JIPE vol. 4 no 2.
  • Rumble, G. (2000). The globalization of open and flexible learning: Considerations for planners and managers. Online Journal Of Distance Learning Administration, 3,(3),1-15.
  • Senanayake, S. & Dadigamuwa, P. R. (2005). Factors affecting on student unsuccessfulness in engineering programmes in distance education Nawala, Sri Lanka;
  • Open University of Sri Lanka. Tresman, S. (2002). Towards a strategy for improved student retention in programme of open, distance education: A case study from the Open University U.K. 99 International
  • Review Of Research In Open And Distance Learning,3(1). Retrieved from: http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/75/145 , 12/September/2011.
  • Ukpo, R. C. (2005). Open learning encourage woman to learn. Research and studies.
  • Retrieved Dec. 16, 2007 from http://www.ehcconline.org
  • UNDP. (2007). What is Human Development, Retrieved March 12, 2007 from http://www.undp.org
  • UNESCO. (2004). Final report of the meeting of higher education partners (World Conference on Higher Education). Paris: UNESCO.
  • Vergids, D. & Penagiotakoulos, C. (2002). Student drop-out at the Hellenic Open
  • University-Evaluation of the graduate program: Studies ineducation. International Review of Research In Open and Distance Learning, 3(2), 14-38. Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide.
  • Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Zirnkle, C. (2004). Utilization of distance education in two-year colleges: Implications for technical education, American Technical Education Association.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Adebayo Lawrence Ojo This is me

Publication Date August 8, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ojo, A. L. (2015). SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, 4(3), 38-55.
AMA Ojo AL. SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. June 2015;4(3):38-55.
Chicago Ojo, Adebayo Lawrence. “SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 4, no. 3 (June 2015): 38-55.
EndNote Ojo AL (June 1, 2015) SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 4 3 38–55.
IEEE A. L. Ojo, “SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH”, International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 38–55, 2015.
ISNAD Ojo, Adebayo Lawrence. “SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 4/3 (June 2015), 38-55.
JAMA Ojo AL. SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. 2015;4:38–55.
MLA Ojo, Adebayo Lawrence. “SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, vol. 4, no. 3, 2015, pp. 38-55.
Vancouver Ojo AL. SOCIOLOGICAL IMPEDIMENTS THAT LEADS TO INACCESSIBILITY OF WOMEN ATTENDING OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN), EKITI-STATE BRANCH. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. 2015;4(3):38-55.